In the present work, a new synthesis method has been reported for preparing high-quality NaA zeolite membrane. The present method involves pressure-driven hydrothermal gel coating method(HGCM) on seeded α-alumina support surface having pores of 0.1 and 0.7μm diameter before the secondary growth process. The experimental data revealed that the high-pressure injection of hydrothermal gel solution on α-alumina support surface helped in the pore filling and thin layer coating of gel particles, which promoted the formation of uniform, defect free, and dense zeolite layer. Pervaporative dehydration experiments were conducted for 50 wt.% ethanol-water mixture at 343K. The NaA zeolite membrane, which was prepared by HGCM process on the 0.7μm support, showed that the high total flux was 4.7 kg m-2h-1 and separation factor was more than >1000.

저온스트레스에 따른 차나무 잎의 변화와 카테킨, 카페인, 아미노산대사 그리고 환원당 등 다양한 대사물의 함량 변화를 구명하였다. 저온스트레스 피해를 입은 실외포장의 차나무 잎은 세포크기, 기공 및 엽맥세포의 크기가 저온스트레스를 입지 않은 온실 재배 녹차잎에 비해 작았다. 저온스트레스 피해를 입은 실외포장의 차나무 잎에서 카페인과 카테킨의 함량은 온실 재배 차나무보다 높았다. 그러나 아미노산의 함량은 저온스트레스 피해를 입은 실외포장의 차나무 잎보다 온실에서 재배한 차나무가 높았다. 환원당 함량은 실외포장의 차나무에서 낮았다. 인위적 저온스트레스 처리 결과 환원당의 함량은 저온스트레스 처리 2시간까지는 증가하였다가 이후는 감소하였다. 이 결과는 저온스트레스가 차나무 잎의 형태적 변화와 더불어 카페인과 카테킨 그리고 당 등 대사물의 영향을 미친다는 것을 나타낸다.

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of antibiotics that inhibits the visible growth of bacteria. It has been reported that sub-MIC of antibiotics may result in morphological alterations, along with the biochemical and physiological changes in bacteria. The purpose of this study was to examine morphological changes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, after the treatment with sub-MIC metronidazole and penicillin. The bacterial morphology was observed with scanning electron microscope, after incubating with sub-MIC antibiotics. The length of A. actinomycetemcomitans was increased after the incubation with sub-MIC metronidazole and penicillin. Sub-MIC metronidazole and penicillin inhibited bacterial division and induced long filaments. Our study showed that metronidazole and penicillin can induce the morphological changes in A. actinomycetemcomitans.

This study examined how L2 learners of English process morphologically complex words (e.g., bareness) and psuedowords (e.g.,*boilness) to investigate if the L2 processing of derivational morphology is subject to critical period effects. It has been claimed that native speakers rely on procedural memory to process morphologically complex words, while L2 learners tend to utilize declarative memory to process them (Ullman, 2001, 2004, 2005). According to Ullman, L2 learners’ reliance on declarative memory for processing morphologically complex words is due to maturational changes in procedural memory. Two related experiments with a masked priming lexical decision task were conducted with two groups of Korean learners: early and late L2 learners. With regard to the results, early L2 learners showed stem priming effects for morphologically related prime-target pairs, which is indicative of morphological decomposition. On the other hand, late L2 learners did not provide any evidence of stem priming, indicating that they might have processed the morphologically complex word/pseudoword as a whole unit. These data suggest that the L2 processing of late learners is different from that of early learners.

Diameter-controlled tin oxide nanofibers have been successfully prepared using electrospinning and a subsequent calcination process; their diameters, morphologies, and crystal structures have been characterized. The diameters of the as-spun nanofibers can be decreased by lowering the concentration of a polymer and a tin precursor in the electrospinning solution because of the decrease in the solution viscosity. The crystal structure of the nanofibers calcined at various temperatures from 200˚C to 800˚C has been proved to be the tetragonal rutile of tin oxide; crystallinity is improved by increasing the temperature. However, nanofibers with lower concentrations of tin precursor do not maintain their fibrous structures after calcination at high temperatures. In this study, the effect of the relationship between the precursor concentration and the calcination temperature on the diameter and the morphology of the tin oxide nanofiber has been systematically investigated and discussed.

본 연구는 거대고리 금속 이온 착화합물과 유도체를 이용하여 미세 다공성 구조를 가지는 분리막의 제조에 관한 것이다. 고분자와 금속이온 리간드 착물 시스템을 이용함으로써 기존의 방법들에 비해 상 전이 과정을 보다 정교하게 제어할 수 있었다. 금속염, cyclohexanedione dioxime, hydroxyphenylboronic acid와의 축합 반응을 통하여 금속 clathrochelate 착물을 얻을 수 있었다. PES, PVP, BE와 금속 clathrochelate 착물을 DMF에 녹인 후 비용매 유도 상 전이법을 통하여 유무기 혼성 고분자막을 제조하였다. 제조된 분리막의 구조는 FE-SEM과 microflow permporometer로 조사하였다. p-Hydroxyphenyl group 을 가지는 Fe(II) clathrochelate 착물의 첨가는 분리막의 구조에 있어 기공 크기 분산도를 좁혀주고, 표면의 기공 밀도를 높여 주었으며 최대 기공 크기를 감소시킴을 볼 수 있었다.

In this study, we investigated the effect of geographical variations on Sargassum thunbergii morphology to make a taxonomic reconsideration about infraspecific taxa in this species. In order to examine the morphological characteristics of S. thunbergii, total 27 matured and morphologically intact thalli were collected from the east, west and south coast in spring 2011. Interestingly, it was observed that the species populations on the west coast were characterized by short, thin and coarse thallus, and soft texture. However, the populations on the east coast showed thicker thallus, larger leaf and vesicle, and tougher texture. Thallus height of S. thunbergii was found to be similar at both east and west coast. Further, the height of the thallus and lateral branch of the species populations residing south coast were highest whereas the size of leaf and vesicle are shortest, in comparison with east and west coast species. Although morphological characteristics of the north east coast populations corresponded to the original description of S. thunbergii f. latifolium, we could not find exact morphological features and diagnostic characters to distinguish form in S. thunbergii. These results indicated that it is not the optimal characteristics to identify infraspecific form in this species. In contrast, morphological variations may signify the adaptation of this species to local environmental factors. Thus, we recommend that intraspecific morphological variation of S. thunbergii should be carefully used to identify infraspecific taxa.

We observed the pollen grains and fruits of six Isodon taxa distributed in Korea using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The muri thickness on the surface of the pollen grains distinguishes Isodon serra from other taxa: the thickness of I. serra is ca. 0.6 μm, while the thicknesses of other taxa are 0.37~0.49 μm. I. inflexus var. canescens has a relatively nutlet small (about 0.93×0.83 mm) compared to other Korean Isodon taxa (about 1.15~1.37×1.02~1.17 mm). Characteristically, a nutlet of I. inflexus var. microphyllus has non-glandular hairs distributed all over its surface. However, I. serra has non-glandular hairs distributed only on the top of the nutlet while it has glandular hairs broadly distributed over the entire nutlet. We suggested that these characters of the pollen and fruit surfaces can be included in the key to Korean Isodon as diagnostic characters to distinguish the above taxa from other Korean taxa.

To synthesize Sn nanoparticles (NPs) less than 30 nm in diameter, a modified polyol process was conducted at room temperature using a reducing agent, and the effects of different pH values of the initial solutions on the morphology and size of the synthesized Sn NPs were analyzed. tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, diethylene glycol, sodium borohydride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium hydroxide were used as a precursor, reaction medium, reducing agent, capping agent, and pH adjusting agent, respectively. It was found by transmission electron microscopy that the morphology of the synthesized Sn NPs varied according to the pH of the initial solution. Moreover, while the size decreased to 11.32 nm with an increase up to 11.66 of the pH value, the size increased rapidly to 39.25 nm with an increase to 12.69. The pH increase up to 11.66 dominantly promoted generation of electrons and increased the amount of initial nucleation in the solution, finally inducing the reduced-size of the Sn particles. However, the additional increase of pH dominantly induced a decrease of PVP by neutralization, which resulted in acceleration of the agglomeration by collisions between particles.

In this study, highly sensitive hydrogen micro gas sensors of the multi-layer and micro-heater type were designed and fabricated using the micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) process and palladium catalytic metal. The dimensions of the fabricated hydrogen gas sensor were about 5mm×4mm and the sensing layer of palladium metal was deposited in the middle of the device. The sensing palladium films were modified to be nano-honeycomb and nano-hemisphere structures using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and nano-sized polystyrene beads, respectively. The sensitivities (Rs), which are the ratio of the relative resistance were significantly improved and reached levels of 0.783% and 1.045 % with 2,000 ppm H2 at 70˚C for nano-honeycomb and nano-hemisphere structured Pd films, respectively, on the other hand, the sensitivity was 0.638% for the plain Pd thin film. The improvement of sensitivities for the nano-honeycomb and nano-hemisphere structured Pd films with respect to the plain Pd-thin film was thought to be due to the nanoporous surface topographies of AAO and nano-sized polystyrene beads.

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of antibiotics that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism. It has been reported that sub-MIC of antibiotics may result in morphological alterations along with biochemical and physiological changes in bacteria. The purpose of this study was to examine morphological changes of periodontal pathogens after treatment with sub-MIC antibiotics. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were used in this study. The MIC for amoxicillin, doxycycline, metronidazole, penicillin, and tetracycline were determined by broth dilution method. The bacterial morphology was observed with bright field microscope after incubating with sub-MIC antibiotics. The length of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum were increased after incubation with metronidazole; penicillin and amoxicillin. P. gingivalis were increased after incubating with metronidazole and penicillin. However, F. nucleatum showed decreased length after incubation with doxycycline and tetracycline. In this study, we observed that sub-MIC antibiotics can affect the morphology of periodontal pathogens.

울릉분지 남서부의 대륙붕-대륙사면 해저지형과 지질 특성을 규명하고, 이들에 영향을 주는 지질학적 요인을 파악하기 위하여 다중빔 음향측심자료와 표층퇴적물 입도를 분석하였다. 연구지역의 대륙붕은 약 (0.5˚의 경사로 수심 100 m 이내에서 나타나는 내대륙붕과 약 0.2˚의 경사로 수심 100-300 m 이내에서 나타나는 외대륙붕으로 구분할 수 있다. 대륙사면에는 다양한 규모(~121 km2)와 경사(최대 24.3˚)를 갖는 8개의 사면붕괴 지형이 관찰된다. 각 사면붕괴 지형은 서로 인접해 있으며, 해저 지진과 전지구적 해수면 변동의 강한 영향 하에서 연속적으로 발생된 해저사태 기원으로 추정된다. 내대륙붕과 대륙사면은 세립질 퇴적물이 우세하지만, 외대륙붕은 조립질 퇴적물이 우세하다. 표층퇴적물 분포양상은 해수면 변동으로 인한 영향을 주로 받은 것으로 해석된다. 외대륙붕은 저해수면 시기 동안 퇴적된 조립질 잔류 퇴적물로, 내대륙붕은 고해수면 시기동안 퇴적된 현생의 세립 퇴적물로 피복되어 있다. 대륙사면의 표층퇴적물은 저해수면 시기에도 깊은 수심에서 반원양성 대류작용으로 공급된 세립퇴적물로 구성된다.

We analyze the dependence of disk morphology (arm class, Hubble type, bar type) of nearby spiral galaxies on the galaxy environment by using local background density (n), projected distance (rp), and tidal index (T I) as measures of the environment. There is a strong dependence of arm class and Hubble type on the galaxy environment, while the bar type exhibits a weak dependence with a high frequency of SB galaxies in high density regions. Grand design fractions and early-type fractions increase with increasing n, 1/rp, and T I, while fractions of flocculent spirals and late-type spirals decrease. Multiple-arm and intermediate-type spirals exhibit nearly constant fractions with weak trends similar to grand design and early-type spirals. While bar types show only a marginal dependence on n, they show a fairly clear dependence on rp with a high frequency of SB galaxies at small rp. The arm class also exhibits a stronger correlation with rp than n and T I, whereas the Hubble type exhibits similar correlations with n and rp. This suggests that the arm class is mostly affected by the nearest neighbor while the Hubble type is affected by the local densities contributed by neighboring galaxies as well as the nearest neighbor.

이 논문은 한국에서 한문문법 형태론 교육이 이루어져야 할 연구 방향을 제시 한 논문이다. 이 논문에서 주로 초점을 맞추어 살펴보려 한 것은 한국인이 한문문 법 형태론 지식을 통해, 흥미를 가지고 漢文 原典에 다가가 해석 능력을 향상시키 는 것과 敎授者 입장에서 학습자에게 형태론적으로 한문을 교육시키는 것을 연구 하는 것이다. 즉, 이 논문에서 주로 살펴 보려한 것은 형태론 교육의 목표, 형태론 교육의 내용(품사론, 어휘 분류와 방법), 형태론 교육론의 교수법, 형태론 교육론 의 평가법 등이다. 1. 형태론 교육의 목표 1.1 형태소의 개념과 유형을 안다. 1.2 형태소의 기능과 의미구조에 대하여 안다. 1.3 형태소와 형태소의 결합관계를 안다. 1.4 품사의 개념과 분류 기준을 안다. 1.5 단어의 분류와 그 방법을 안다. 1.6 허사의 기능을 안다. 2. 형태론 교육의 내용 2.1 품사론 2.1.1 ‘品詞’는 단어(어휘)를 의미와 기능에 따라 분류하여 공통된 성질을 가진 것끼리 모아 놓은 단어들의 갈래다. 단어는 보편적으로 문법적 특성에 따라 가름한다. 문법적 특성은 형태(form), 의미(meaning), 기능 (function)에 따른 특성이며, 이 기준에 따라 구분한 單語(語彙)群을 ‘품 사’라 하고, 이러한 ‘품사에 대한 연구’를 ‘品詞論’이라 한다. 2.1.2 한국 학교문법에서는 품사를, 10품사로 구분하고 있다. 10품사는 實詞와 虛詞로 구분한다. ‘實詞’에 속하는 품사로는 名詞, 代名詞, 數詞, 動詞, 形容詞, 副詞 등이 있고, ‘虛詞’에 속하는 품사로는 介詞(前置詞), 連詞 (接續詞), 語助詞, 感歎詞 등이 있다. 2.2 單語(語彙) 分類와 그 方法 2.2.1 漢字語의 性格: 현재 사용하고 있는 어휘의 개념은 단어, 낱말, 語詞, 한 자어 등의 개념과 유사한 개념으로 統稱되고 있다. 한자어의 성격은 한문 체계로 보면, 한자어는 漢字, 漢字語, 漢字成語로 이루 어진 ‘漢字 語彙’의 한 갈래로써, 한문의 單語, 句, 文章의 기능을 모두 포함하게 되는 문법 구조를 이루고 있다. 한문 체계 속에서 볼 때, 한자는 한자어와 명확하 게 구분된다. 한자는 그 자체로 문법 구조를 이루고 있지 못하지만, 한자어는 단 어, 어휘이면서 문장의 통사 구조를 갖추고 있다. 한문 체계에서 한자어는 2～3음 절의 어휘만을 일컫는 것이 타당성이 있다 할 수 있다. 2.2.2 漢字語 語彙의 分類: 近代以前은 ‘漢文文語’에 나타나는 한자어를 중심 으로 하고, 근대이후는 ‘신생 한자어휘’ 연구를 중심으로 하고자 한다. 2.2.3 單語의 形成 方法에 따른 分類: 單語는 일반적으로 單純語와 複合語로 나뉜다. 단순어는 다시 單音節單純語와 多音節單純語로 구분하고, 복합 어는 다시 合成語와 派生語로 구분한다. 合成語는 다시 類似語와 相對語, 統辭的 構造語로 나누고, 派生語는 ‘基語+接辭’의 구조로 된 것과 ‘接辭+ 基語’로 된 것으로 나뉜다. 2.3 形態論 敎育論 敎授法 2.3.1 語彙에 관한 敎授法에 대한 硏究는 單語의 짜임의 경우, ‘造語分析法’ 등의 교수 수업 방법이, 단어의 갈래 및 어휘(성어)의 경우는 ‘言語活用法’ ‘索出法’, ‘比較學習法’ 등이 효과적이다 할 수 있다. 2.3.2 語彙의 字義와 語義에 도움이 되도록 하기 위한 교수법으로는, ‘字義 분 석을 통한 지도방안’과 ‘語義 분석을 통한 지도 방안’이 효과적이라 할 수 있다. 2.3.3 多音節 語彙의 敎授․學習法으로는, ‘故事成語’의 경우, 기존의 ‘토의학 습법, 역할놀이 학습법’등이 있다. 이외에, 壓縮性을 띤 다음절 어휘는 ‘이야기를 중심으로 이해하는 학습법’, 隱語的 성격을 띤 어휘는 ‘어휘를 變容 활용하여 특징을 이해하는 학습법’, 형용적인 성격을 띤 다음절 어 휘는 ‘擬聲語와 擬態語의 특징을 이해하는 학습법’이 효과적이다. 2.4 形態論 敎育論 評價法 硏究漢文(文言文)에 대한 형태론 교육론 평가는 형태론의 교수- 학습 연장선상에 서 이루어져야 한다. 또한 한문과 형태론 교육론의 평가는 궁극적으로 다른 언어 와 마찬가지로 형태소들의 문법적 기능과 의미기능, 결합의 원리들을, 실제의 자 료를 통해 학습자 스스로 발견하게 하고, 그 과정에서 관찰력, 판단력, 분석력, 종 합력 등을 평가하여야 할 것이다. 한국에서 형태론 교육론 평가법은 현행 중․고등학교 한문교과에, 현행 교육과 정에 기반을 둔 漢文科 成就基準 및 成就水準이 개발이 되어 있다. 본고에서는 중학교 어휘 영역의 성취 기준 및 성취 수준의 경우만을 살펴보았다. 2.4.1 中學校 漢文 語彙領域의 成就基準 및 成就水準 중학교 한문교과의 ‘어휘’ 영역의 교육과정 내용과 성취기준 그리고 단위 성취 수준에 대한 記述은 교육과정 어휘영역에 대한 각각의 내용요소에 대하여 성취 기준을 상세하게 마련하였으며, 각 성취기준에 따라 성취수준을 다시 ‘상, 중, 하’ 의 3단계로 설정하였다. 그리고 어휘영역의 성취기준 단위 성취수준을 기술할 경우, 성취수준(상, 중, 하)간에 질적인 차이를 구분할 때, ‘상’수준은 ‘설명할 수 있다’, ‘중’ 수준은 ‘말할 수 있다’, ‘하’ 수준은 ‘조사할 수 있다’라는 行動動詞를 사용하였다. 또한 ‘상’ 수 준에서는 ‘구별하다’, ‘활용하다’ 등의 어휘를 사용하여 ‘중’ 수준과 도달한 정도 에 차이를 두어 구별하였다.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of a high-energy milling (HEM) process on the particle morphology and the correlation between a thermal treatment and tetragonal/monoclinic nanostructured zirconia powders obtained by a precipitation process. To eliminate chloride residue ions from hydrous zirconia, a modified washing method was used. It was found that the used washing method was effective in removing the chloride from the precipitated gel. In order to investigate the effect of a pre-milling process on the particle morphology of the precipitate, dried Zr(OH)4 was milled using a HEM machine with distilled water. The particle size of the Zr(OH)4 powder exposed to HEM reduced to 100~150 nm, whereas that of fresh Zr(OH)4 powder without a pre-milling process had a large and irregular size of 100 nm~1.5 μm. Additionally, modified heat treatment process was proposed to achieve nano-sized zirconia having a pure monoclinic phase. It was evident that two-step calcining process was effective in perfectly eliminating the tetragonal phase, having a small average particle of ~100 nm with good uniformity compared to the sample calcined by a single-step process, showing a large average particle size of ~300 nm with an irregular particle shape and a broad particle size distribution. The modified method is considered to be a promising process for nano-sized zirconia having a fully monoclinic phase.

Mo-based thin films are frequently used as back electrode materials because of their low resistivity and high crystallinity in CIGS chalcopyrite solar cells. Mo:Na/Mo bilayer thin films with 1μm thickness were deposited on soda lime glass by varying the thickness of each layer using dc-magnetron sputtering. The effects of the Mo:Na layer on morphology and electrical property in terms of resistivity were systematically investigated. The resistivity increased from 159μΩcm to 944μΩcm; this seemed to be caused by increased surface defects and low crystallinity as the thickness of Mo:Na layer increased from 100 nm to 500 nm. The surface morphologies of the Mo thin films changed from a somewhat coarse fibrous structures to irregular and fine celled structures with increased surface cracks along the cell boundaries as the thickness of Mo:Na layer increased. Na contents varied drastically from 0.03 % to 0.52 % according to the variation of Mo:Na layer thickness. The change in Na content may be ascribed to changes in surface morphology and crystallinity of the thin films.

This thesis suggests the research direction of educating morphology of Classical Chinese Grammar in Korea. This thesis mainly focuses on two things. First, developing Korean’s interpretation ability to the original text through the knowledge about morphology of Classical Chinese Grammar. Second, studying the way instructors teach Classical Chinese in morphological methods. In other words, we will look through the objects, contents, instructing methods and evaluation method of educating morphology. 1. The objects of educating morphology 1.1 Know the concept and type of morpheme. 1.2 Know the function and structure of morpheme. 1.3 Know the combination relationship of morpheme. 1.4 Know the concept and classification of a part of speech. 1.5 Know the principle of words formation. 1.6 Know the function of an expletive. 2. The contents of educating morphology 2.1 Theory of a part of speech 2.1.1 ‘A part of speech’ is the group of words with similar characteristics classified according to functions and meanings. Generally, words are classified by grammatical features. Grammatical features includes forms, meanings and functions. A group of words that are sorted by these features is called ‘A part of speech’, and the research about these groups of words is called ‘Theory of a part of speech’. 2.1.2 Words are grouped in ten parts in Korean school. Ten parts of speech are sorted to a substantive and an expletive. A substantive contains a noun, a pronoun, a numeral, a verb, an adjective and an adverb. An expletive includes a preposition, a conjunction, a particle and an exclamation. 2.2 Principle of words formation 2.2.1 Characteristics of ‘Classical Chinese words’ : ‘Classical Chinese vocabulary’ consists of ‘characters’, ‘words’, and ‘idioms’ in the respect of system of Classical Chinese. ‘Classical Chinese words’ are one part of ‘Classical Chinese vocabulary’ and make grammatical structure that contains the functions of words, phrases and sentences. In the system of Classical Chinese, ‘Classical Chinese characters’ are clearly different from ‘Classical Chinese words’. ‘Classical Chinese characters’ cannot make grammatical structures, but ‘Classical Chinese words’ make syntax structure of sentences. It is proper to say that ‘Classical Chinese words’ are di‐ or trisyllabic words in the system of Classical Chinese. 2.2.2 Classification of ‘Classical Chinese words’ : This study mainly focuses on ‘Written language’ before modern ages, and ‘newly made words’ after modern ages. 2.2.3 Classification of words by formation methods : In general, words are sorted to ‘Simplex’ and ‘Compound’. ‘Simplex’ consists of monosyllabic simplex and multisyllabic simplex. ‘Compound’ consists of compound, which is classified to an analogous term, a relative term and structural term, and derivative, which is classified to ‘root+affix’ structure and ‘affix+root’ structure. 3. Instructing method of morphology 3.1 When educating the organization of words, ‘Coined‐word‐segmentalization method’ is effective, and when educating the sort of words, ‘Language‐application method’, ‘Search‐out method’, and ‘Comparative‐learning method’ are effective. 3.2 ‘Instructing method through analyzing meanings of characters’ and ‘Instructing method through analyzing meanings of words’ are helpful to educating characters of Classical Chinese and words of Classical Chinese, respectively. 3.3 When educating multisyllabic vocabulary, ‘discussion, play‐a‐role method’, ‘comprehending‐through‐tales method’, ‘comprehending‐transformative‐use‐of‐vocabulary method’, ‘comprehending‐characteristics‐of‐onomatopoeic‐and‐mimesis method’ are effective to teaching idioms, compressive words, argot, and adjective words, respectively. 4. Evaluation method of instructing morphology Evaluation of instructing morphology about Classical Chinese should be done as an extension of ‘teaching and learning morphology’ Instructing morphology about Classical Chinese can be evaluated by following questions. “Can learners find, by on their own, grammatical functions, meanings and combination principles of morphemes through real materials?” And we can evaluate learners abilities of observation, judgement, analysis and synthesis in that process. In Korea, achievement levels and standards are developed, which are based on current curriculum of Classical Chinese subject in middle∙high school. So we studied evaluation method of instructing morphology by these criteria.