본 연구는 옥상텃밭 적용을 위한 원예용상토와 펄라이트 배합비율에 따른 잎들깨의 생장반응을 조사하였다. 실험구는 직경 18cm, 높이 18cm의 플라스틱 용기에 원예용상토:펄라이트를 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9(v/v)로 혼합한 다음 본엽이 3-4엽인 잎들깨 식재하였다. 측정항목 으로는 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수, 엽면적, 엽록소함량, 엽록소형광, 엽색, 생체중, 건물중 등의 생육 및 형태적 특성을 식재 후 4주와 8주 2회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수, 엽면적은 식재 후 4주차에는 9:1 배합비에서 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 7:3, 5:5의 순이었다. 8주 차에는 9:1과 7:3에서 생육이 가장 양호하였으며, 전체적으로 원예용상토의 비율이 높아질수록 생육도 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 생체중과 건물중도 마찬가지로 4주, 8주차 모두 9:1에서 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 7:3, 5:5 순이었으며 1:9에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 엽록소 함량은 4주차에는 9:1에서 가장 높았으며, 1:9에서 가장 낮았으나 8주차에는 1:9에서 가장 높았고 5:5에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 엽 록소형광은 4주차에는 모든 배합비에서 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 8주차 때에는 1:9에서 0.565로 나타나 양분결핍에 의한 스트레스를 받 는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 옥상텃밭을 위한 잎들깨 재배시 원예용상토와 펄라이트 배합비율은 5:5 이상이 적절한 것으 로 판단된다.

식품제조업에서 발생하는 동식물성잔재물은 발생량이 많고 성상이 균질하여 재활용에 유리하다. 동 폐기물을 재활용할 때 경제성이 있는 것은 배출업체와 재활용업체가 협력하여 재활용이 효율적으로 이루어지고 있으나 발생량이 적고, 영양성분의 함량이 높지 않은 업체의 폐기물은 경제성이 낮아 원활히 재활용되지 못하고 있다. 폐기물배출업체는 재활용에 따른 환경보전 효과보다는 처리비용 절감을 중요시하기 때문에 사료원료로 쓰일 수 있는 것이 퇴비원료로 사용되거나 퇴비원료로 사용할 수 있는 것이 소각이나 해역배출 등으로 처리되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 식품제조업에서 발생하는 동･식물성잔재물의 배출과 재활용 및 처리실태, 유통 현황을 파악하고 재활용 활성화 대책을 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 식품제조업체 중 다량 발생하는 업종인 동식물성유지제조업과 전분 및 당류제조업을 선정하여 대상 업종에서 발생하는 폐기물(부산물)의 발생원단위를 파악하였고, 이를 통해 대상 업종별 물질흐름도(Material Flow Analysis) 작성을 통해 국내 전체의 물질흐름을 추정하였다. 또한 해당업종에서 발생하는 동식물성잔재물을 재활용함으로써 현재 사료용으로 수입되고 있는 품목에 대한 수입대체효과를 산출하였고, 일선 현장에서의 폐기물의 발생, 처리, 재활용 실태를 조사하였다. 조사결과를 통해 동식물성잔재물의 세부 분류번호를 보완하는 방안과 재활용 가능한 동식물성잔재물의 재활용 가능 유형을 실제 재활용형태를 고려하여 개선하는 방안을 제시하였다. 동 폐기물의 재활용을 활성화하기 위해서는 외국의 식품폐기물 발생억제와 재활용 정책의 추진성과를 참고하여 식품의 제조, 유통과정에서 발생하는 식품폐기물 재활용 대책을 마련할 필요가 있으며, 일본에서 시행하고 있는 재생이용사업계획(리사이클루프) 인정제도의 국내 도입과 향후 수요처 감소로 재활용이 원활하게 이루어지지 않을 가능성이 있는 오리가공부산물의 재활용, 그리고 현재 폐기물로 관리되고 있는 깨박의 순환자원인정에 대하여 검토하였다. 본 연구 결과는 국내 식품제조업에서 발생하는 동식물성잔재물의 통계작성과 해당 폐기물의 재활용 정책을 추진하기 위한 기초 데이터로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was in line with consecutive growth of urban agriculture implemented to provide a functional vegetable garden model for urban vegetable gardeners. It targeted the users who actually raise functional vegetable gardens, analyzed the flaws for correction in many ways including a type of products, quantity, ratio, and the like and existing problems. It is found out from Utilization that first is the highest ranking with no experience of growing vegetable garden education while growth education helping vegetable garden activity takes the half. Saying yes to the participation in the growth education following the process ranked the highest. In addition when planting, in regards to earning information about plantation timing and measure, they responded that they directly determine those by themselves. Second, the type of plant that they are mainly supposed to produce in family gardening was vegetables. Many say that it is easy to produce, easy to get information. In the fall, Kimchi and vegetables ranked the highest, the reason for functional vegetable gardeners to participate in planting family garden is an interest in a variety of producing crops. Third, the current amount included is proper for flower･herb plants in functional vegetable garden model while the ratio of crops vegetables60.5 : medical21.2 : flower･herbs18.3 in vegetable garden model is responded moderate.

The present study was investigated the effect of recycled coir organic substrates on the growth of different vegetable crops. The recycled coir had better physical and chemical properties than the new coir. The growth of tomato plant was better on the coir substrate that had been used for 2 years than that on the new coir substrate. The average number of tomato fruits was 108 on the new coir substrate, while it was 179 and 165 on the coir substrate used for 1 and 2 years, respectively. The growth of cherry tomato plant was also better on the coir substrate used for 2 years than that on the new coir substrate. The average number of cherry tomato fruits was 43 on the new coir substrate, while it was 206 and 164 on the coir substrate used for 1 and 2 years, respectively. The growth of brussel sprout was better on the coir substrate used for 3 years than that on the new coir substrate and the average number of brussel sprout leaves was 26.8 on the new coir substrate, while it was 34.3 on the coir substrate used for 3 years. The growth of Korean cabbage improved on the coir substrate used for 1 years compared to the new coir substrate and the number of leaves was 15.1 on the new coir substrate, while it was 24.3 on the coir substrate used for 1 year. Thus, used coir can be recycled to improve vegetable yields compared to using new coirs.

Recently, increasing interest in environmental pollution problems that can be discharged emerging from inland water cultures, problems in the processing of effluents are recognized as environmental pollution sources are difficult accordingly. As a result, in this study, the effluent water as such a source of environmental pollution carried examine the availability of as organic fertilizer to be used for cultivation of crops. The study tested using 3 types of crops, As a method of using as a fertilizer in a particular solution that was created and practices to liquid fertilizer solution used to the concentration of the effluent. After you grow crops in a certain amount of irrigation once every week for each processing it was analyzed for the differences of content of the functional substance and growth of crops. As a result a certain amount of the effluent water in the stock solution, the content of functional materials and growth of crops were found to be superior to other processes in irrigation which was treated weekly. In conclusion, according to these results the effluent water from BFT inland water culture has been found to give a positive effects on the contents of the functional materials and growth of crops. Studies on a method for utilizing the effluent water as a fertilizer is considered further required.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic vegetable cultivation on the soil physical properties in 33 farmlands under plastic greenhouse in Korea. We were investigated 5~8 farms per organic vegetable crops during the period from August to November 2014. The main cultivated vegetables were leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens var. Japonica Hara), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). We have analyzed soil physical properties. The measured soil physical parameters were soil plough layer, soil hardness, penetration resistance, three soil phase, bulk density and Porosity. The measurement of the soil plough layer, soil hardness and penetration resistance were carried out direct in the fields, and the samples for other parameters were taken using the soil core method with approximately 20 mm diameter core collected from each organic vegetable field. Soil plough layer was average 36 cm and ranged between 30 and 50 cm, and slightly different depending on the sorts of vegetable cultivation. The soil hardness was 0.17±0.15~1.34±1.02 in the topsoil, 0.55±0.34~1.15±0.62 in the subsoil. It was not different between topsoil and subsoil, but showed a statistically significant difference between the leafy and fruit vegetables. Penetrometer resistance is one of the important soil physical properties that can determine both root elongation and yield. The increase in density under leafy vegetables resulted in a higher soil penetrometer resistance. Soil is a three-component system comprised of solid, liquid, and gas phases distributed in a complex geometry that creates large solidliquid, liquid-gas, and gas-solid interfacial areas. The three soil phases were dynamicand typically changed in organic vegetable soils under greenhouse. Porosity was characterized as range of 54.2±2.2~60.3±2.4%. Most measured soils have bulk densities between 1.0 and 1.6 g cm-3. To summarize the above results, Soil plough layer has been deepened in organic vegetable cultivation soils. Solid hardness (the hardness of the soil) and bulk density (suitable for the soil unit mass) have been lowered. Porosity (soil spatial content) was high such as a well known in organic farmlands. Important changes were observed in the physical properties according to the different vegetable cultivation. We have demonstrated that the physical properties of organic cultivated soils under plastic greenhouse were improved in the results of this study.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 단경 대립인 ‘Satonoka’와 소분지 내병 단경인 ‘밀양16호’를 인공교배하여 육성한 ‘아미’의 주 요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘아미’는 신풍 초형으로 개 화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 직립 소분지성이다. ‘아미’ 는 ‘팔광’ 땅콩에 비해 주당협수, 성숙협비율, 협당립수 등이 높으며 100립중이 84 g인 대립품종이며, 도복은 비교적 강한 특성을 나타내며 그물무늬병, 흑반병은 비슷한 정도이다. ‘아 미’는 단백질이 26.2%, 기름함량이 50.5%이고 양질지방산중 올레산(60.5%)이 리놀산(23.6%) 보다 훨씬 더 높아 기름의 산화안정성이 양호한 특성을 가진다. ‘아미’는 3년간 지역적 응시험 결과 풋땅콩 수량이 전국평균 10.10 ton/ha로서 ‘팔 광’ 땅콩에 비하여 9% 증수되었다. ‘아미’는 대립종이므로 적 기에 파종하고, 충분한 성숙을 위하여 성숙기 병해 방제에 유 의해야 하며 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다(품종등록 번호: 제5260호).

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics and functional materials of baby vegetables as affected by different LEDs and luminous intensity at Anseongsi, Gyeonggi Province, in 2014. Test crops were beet, chicory, spinach, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard purchased from the seed company of Dongbu Hannong and Jinheung. Growth characteristics were measured and the content of functional materials was analyzed 40 days after seeding at plug plate. Treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity showed the highest number of leaves in five baby vegetables of beet, chicory, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard. The highest shoot length of chicory, spinach, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard was obtained from the treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity. Fresh weight and dry weight of all six baby vegetables were the highest in treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity. Content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of spinach, red leaf lettuce and red mustard showed the highest in Fluorescent lamp at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity whereas other crops did not show definite trend under different LEDs lights and luminous intensity. The highest total content of anthocyanins and polyphenol were obtained from the treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity in all six baby vegetables. Free radical scavenging activity was highest in all six vegetable crops at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity, but it was not different significantly between LEDs.As a result, the growth and the content of functional material of baby vegetables are generally to be increased in Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity. Mixed light of Red+Blue is thought to give good effect on the growth and the content of functional material in baby vegetable crops. Because there are many differences in regard of LED lights, crop varieties, cultivation and experi-mental methods in their impact on the growth and functional materials of baby vegetables among researchers, it is considered that a more precise studies are needed for the crop responses to LED light and luminous intensity.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 직립 대립 다수성인 '수원108호'과 조숙 단경인 '밀양4호'를 인공교배하여 육성한 ‘보름1호’의 주 요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘보름1호’는 신풍 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 직립 소분지성이다. 보름 1호는 팔광땅콩에 비해 협당립수, 100립중 등이 높으며 100 립중이 105 g인 대립품종이며, 도복은 비교적 강한 특성을 나 타내며 갈반병, 그물무늬병, 흑반병은 비슷한 정도이다. 보름1 호는 단백질이 29.8%, 기름함량이 49.9%이고 양질지방산중 올레산(54.5%)이 리놀산(28%) 보다 더 높아 산화안정성이 양호한 특성을 가진다. ‘보름1호’는 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 풋땅콩 수량이 전국평균 10.16 ton/ha로서 ‘팔광’땅콩에 비하 여 8% 증수되었다. ‘보름1호’는 대립종이므로 적기에 파종하 고, 충분한 성숙을 위하여 성숙기 병해 방제에 유의해야 하며 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품 종이다(등록번호: 제 4522호).

The effect of the metal oxide catalyst in the dimerization of waste vegetable oil was investigated. The high efficiency and recyclability has allowed different metal oxides to be used as catalysts in numerous synthetic reactions. Herein, clay, aluminum, titanium, calcium, magnesium and silicon oxide micro/nanoparticles are used in a Diels-Alder reaction to catalyze the production of the dimer acids. The metal oxides assist the electron transfers during cyclization to produce the desired product. Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to verify the production of dimer acids. For the confirmation of cyclization, compounds were analyzed using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. From the analysis, silylated or pristine clay showed its effectiveness as a catalyst in dimerization. Furthermore, alumina and alumina/silica composite showed successful performance in the reaction to yield cyclic dimer acids. These result suggested that metal oxides and montmorillonite might be used in synthesis of dimer acids for the recycle of waste vegetable oils.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수성 신품종 육성을 위하여 직립 대립인 ‘YG60’과 조숙 단경인 ‘YG55’를 인공교배하여 ‘Jaseon’육성하였다. ‘자선’은 신풍초형으로 초기 개화가 많고 잎이 농녹색이며 지상부 생장습성은 직립 소분지성이다. 주당 협수는 35개로서 팔광땅콩에 비해 2개 적으나 풋협중이 무겁고, 상품협비율(93%)이 높고, 100립중이 98 g인 대립품종이다. 생육후기까지 도복에 비교적 강한 특성을 나타내며 흑반병, 그물무늬병, 흰비단병에 비교적 강하다. ‘자선’의 조단백 함량이 26.3%, 조지방 함량이 43.2%이고 양질지방산인 올레산과 리놀산을 78.6% 함유하고 있다. ‘자선’은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 전국평균 풋땅콩수량이 10.21 ton/ha로서 팔광땅콩에 비하여 15% 증수하였고 건조 종실중은 4.37 ton/ha로서 11% 증수하였다. ‘자선’은 대립종이므로 적기에 파종하고, 충분한 성숙을 위하여 성숙기병해 방제에 유의해야 하며 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다.

혼합야채추출물의 항산화와 α-amylase 및 α-glucosidase 억제활성 증진을 위해서 톳, 매생이, 미역귀의 첨가효과를 분석하였으며 해조류 첨가된 야채추출물의 일반성분과 미네랄 함량 변화를 조사하였다. 3가지 해조류의 첨가량은 야채추출물의 일반성분에 유의적으로 영향을 미치지 않은 반면 톳과 미역귀 5% 첨가에 의해 칼슘, 나트륨, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 철분 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 톳 20% 첨가한 경우 총 폴리페놀 함량과 환원능력이 야채추출물보다 각각 47.08와 16.82%로 유의적으로 증가하였다. 반면에 3가지 해조류 첨가에 의한 hydroxyl radical 소거활성이 큰 변화가 없었다. 톳, 매생이, 미역귀 20% 첨가에 의해 DPPH radical 소거활성이 각각 27.47, 22.25, 17.27%로 유의적으로 증가하였다. 해조류 첨가된 혼합 야채 추출물이 상대적으로 약한 α-amylase 억제활성을 지니고 있는 동시에 강한 α-glucosidase 억제활성이 나타냈다. 특별히 미역귀 5% 첨가한 경우 α-glucosidase을 98.26%로 유의적으로 억제하였다. 전반적으로 해조류 첨가를 통해 야채추출물의 미네랄 함량이 증가하였고 항산화와 2형 당뇨병 관련 효소 억제활성이 개선됨을 알 수 있었다.

We investigated the genetic diversity and structure of the 239 fixed lines with 47 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 109 NGS-generated SNP markers evenly distributed in B. rapa genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified the vegetable fixed lines to four subgroups, with the three types forming a separate and relatively farther cluster. Population structure analysis identified four sub-populations corresponding to geographic origin and morphological traits, and revealed extensive admixture. The vegetable B. rapa fixed lines successfully developed in our study would be valuable materials for multinational B. rapa diversity resources establishment. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure could be useful for utilization of the representing genetic variation and further genetic and genomic analysis.

This study intended for Cheongryongsan Community Garden in Gwanak-gu, one of the demonstration places for 'Community Garden' Project recently implemented by the Seoul Government. This study had two major purposes: investigating the current status of the management and usage and identifying its characteristics; investigating users' awareness to consider the construction and operation directions of sustainable community gardens. This study was conducted based on several surveys such as an investigation into the spatial configuration and the management system of parks through a field study, a use survey through a questionnaire survey for vegetable garden users and an awareness survey about the construction direction of gardens direction preferred by users through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). As a result of a questionnaire survey for vegetable garden users, the usage status was summarized as follows: Considering the common trends in the 2012 and the 2013 user survey, women used Cheongryongsan Vegetable Garden more than men. Over fifties used it most of all users. Users were mostly neighborhood residents. They used to visit there three to five times a week and stayed for about 30 minutes to one hour. Users differently responded to the question related to the order of priority for the use of the garden in the 2012 and the 2013 survey. They had increasingly used it for individuals' production activities more than social exchanges. As a result of making an AHP analysis for general park users, vegetable garden users there were clear differences in the targets which each subject put emphasis on in relation to the construction and operation of vegetable gardens. General park users recognized a vegetable garden as a park where park functions and the functions of the vegetable garden coexisted. On the other hand, vegetable garden users viewed it as a space where they attached importance to the functions of the vegetable garden like an allotment. Last, this study contemplated subjects related to the construction and operation of vegetable gardens which had to be considered in the future. Vegetable gardens tended to be biased as personal hobby places. It was viewed that the main reason was insufficient support activities for vegetable garden education and exchange programs originally planned when vegetable gardens had been constructed. Vegetable garden users recognized vegetable gardens as places for individuals' farming activities like allotments. For the desirable operation of vegetable gardens, it would be necessary to give priority to the park management before the production activities in individuals' vegetable gardens. The important role of the government would be to build the base through the provision of education and opportunities so that a local resident organization could actively participate in the management of a vegetable garden after a vegetable garden was constructed. It would be necessary to make a use survey and an awareness survey for users conducted in this study on a regular basis because the surveys could be important basic data in the decision-making process for the sustainable operations of the vegetable garden.

Recently, fresh peanut eaten after boil is popular to korean consumer owing to its sweet taste. A new vegetable peanut variety “Ami”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata.) was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, in Milyang in 2012. It was developed from the cross between the short stem cultivar “Satonoka” and the large grain cultivar “Milyang 16”. “Ami” which is Shipung plant type has 50cm main stem length and 10 branch number per plant. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and long-ellipse shape and dried 100-seed weight was 84g in the regional yield trials(RYT). The Sucrose and tannin content of fresh peanut are 24.9mg/g and 4.9mg/g, respectively. Functional compound content was 3944㎍/g of Luteolin in peanut shell, This variety also showed more resistant to stem rot and lodging, compared with check variety, Palkwang. In the regional yield trials “Ami” was outyielded than check variety by 9% with 10.10MT/ha for fresh pod and by 14% with 4.51MT/ha for dried kernel.