미술이 형성되고 발전하는 과정은 다양한 작용하는데, 특히 ‘사상’은 미술 전개에 중요한 이에 본 연구에서는 선종사상이 반영된 동아시아 하였다. 선종은 언어와 문자를 초월해 좌선과 도달할 수 있다고 보았기 때문에 직관과 기존의 불교는 경전과 의례의 형식 등을 다양한 분야에서 불교미술이 발전하였다. 하지만 과 의례의 형식을 거부하고 특정 승려나 깨달음의 는 정도에 머무는 독특한 양상을 보인다. 이나 한산(寒山), 습득(拾得) 등 선승들을 그린 동자와 소를 통해 깨달음의 과정을 그린 심우도( 있다. 동아시아에서 전개된 미술이 여러 사상으로부터 다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 그러므로 본 연구를 상이 반영된 동아시아 회화를 확인할 수 있을

Although fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been widely accepted as a valuable tool for differential diagnosis of head and neck tumors, the diagnostic value of FNAB in the management of salivary gland tumors has been questioned. This case report presents a patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid gland diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma by FNAB and discusses the pitfalls in the diagnosis of malignant salivary gland tumors.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), which is an autosomal dominant hamartoneoplastic syndrome, is a genetic syndrome. Patients with this syndrome are characterized by multiple mucosal neuromas on the tongue, lips, eyelid margins, and conjunctiva with marfanoid habitus, thick and protruding lips, open bite, and maxillary central diastema. Multiple oral mucosal neuromas are known to appear before the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or pheochromocytoma. Therefore, understanding the oral symptoms is very important for the early diagnosis of this syndrome. We report multiple submucosal neuromas in a 19-year-old male patient diagnosed with MEN2B and review this syndrome.

Engaged in trawling in limited fishing grounds with a number of fish schools could cause collisions between fishing vessels. Therefore, providing accurate maneuver information according to the situation could be regarded as essential for improving seafarers safety and fishing efficiency as well as safety of navigation. It is difficult to obtain all maneuver information through sea trial tests only, so a method through empirical formula is necessary. Since most empirical formulas are developed for merchant ship types, especially the characteristics of hull shape parameter like CbB/L and dCb/B etc. are clearly different between fishing vessels and merchant ships, this could occur estimation errors. Therefore, in this study, the authors have selected target fishing vessels and merchant ships and analyzed the characteristics of hull shape parameter according to the ship types. Based on this analysis, the empirical formula developed for the merchant ship type has applied to the target fishing vessels; it has verified through the turning motion simulation that the estimation error could be generated. In conclusion, it is necessary to include the characteristics of the hull shape parameter of fishing vessels in the empirical formula in order to apply the empirical formula has developed for merchant ship types to fishing vessel types.

“Cartilaginous choristoma” refers to as a tumorlike cartilaginous mass composed of normal tissues in an abnormal location. Oral cartilaginous choristomas are extremely rare. Although its rarity, most intraoral choristomas occur in the tongue. Adenomatoid hyperplasia of the minor salivary glands may be seen on the minor salivary gland bearing areas, especially seen on the palate. This report describes a case of firm mass on the left lateral tongue that was resulted cartilaginous choristoma associated with adenomatoid hyperplasia, which occurred in a 23-year-old male patient. And It hasn’t recurred during 17 months after complete excision.

Canalicular adenoma is an uncommon, benign salivary gland tumor. It has a significant predilection for occurrence in the minor salivary glands, with most cases occurring in the upper lip, followed by the buccal mucosa and palate. Rarely, canalicular adenoma can involve the major salivary glands, such as the parotid gland. Only a small number of cases of canalicular adenoma of the parotid gland have been reported in the literature. We report a rare case of canalicular adenoma on the left parotid gland of an 81-year-old man, and present a review of the literature.

The most common benign salivary gland tumor is pleomorphic adenoma. It affects major and minor salivary glands. Minor salivary gland tumors constitute <20% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Most minor salivary gland tumors occur on the palate. We present the case of a patient with pleomorphic adenoma that developed at a rare intraoral location. This patient presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Seoul National University Dental Hospital.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. About 80-90% of pleomorphic adenoma occurs in the parotid gland and about 5-10% of them occur in the submandibular gland and sublingual gland. The rest proportion comprises the minor salivary glands. The palate is the most common area, followed by the lips and the cheeks. Pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland shows clinically a slow-growing, painless mass found on submandibular aspect. In this case report, we report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the right submandibular gland in a 63-year old female patient who was referred from the department of neurosurgery, due to the heterogenous mass detected by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

중국미학사를 볼 때, 唐나라시대 이후 중국미학과 예술이 크게 변화한 까닭은 근본적으로 철학사상의 영향 때문이었다. 아울러 불교가 중국에 전해지면서 심미관에 엄청난 변화가 일어났다. 예컨대 불교는 魏晉시대 이후의 변화를 거쳐 隨唐시대에 이르면서 크게 번성하였고, 특히 南宗 禪은 중국의 도가와 인도 대승불교를 새로이 결합되어 탄생한 새로운 철 학으로 자리매김 되었다. 남종선이 고민했던 문제인 單刀直入이나 不立文字 등의 사유방식은 기존의 심미적 규범과 예술 관념에 커다란 충격을 주었다. 이들의 경향 은 空靈하고 淡遠한 경계를 추구하고, 古拙하면서도 넓고 아득한 기상 을 중시했다. 다시 말해서 前 시대의 거칠고 광대한 기풍은 고요하고 맑 은 기풍으로, 격앙되고 의기양양했던 기풍은 평온하고 그윽한 기풍으로, 현란하고 웅대했던 기풍에서 담담하고 소박한 기풍으로 바뀌었다. 이는 모두 심미적 기풍 변화에 따른 모습으로 선종이 중국미학과 예술에 새로 운 지평을 연 것으로 생각된다. 그러므로 본고에서는 남종선의 기본 철학인 ‘不二法門’에서부터 접근 하여 선종과 미학 및 예술 간의 심층적인 연계성을 살펴보았다. ‘불이법 문’은 남종선의 중요한 철학 원칙이자, 선종이 중국미학과 예술에 결정 적인 영향과 작용을 미친 사상이기 때문이다. 이에 따라 荊浩의 『필법기』를 필두로 唐말 五代 이래 중국미학의 중 요한 경향은 ‘불이법문’사상에 내재된 ‘참’된 의미를 탐구하는 과정이었 음을 알았다. 이들은 ‘眞이 곧 實이고, 실이 곧 진이다’라는 선종의 사상을 연역하여 만들어졌다. 특히 ‘是非’ 와 존재의 분별을 통해 ‘是’와 ‘非’의 판단과 그 예를 살펴 분별이 없고, 상대도 없으며, 유도 없고 무도 없는 체험의 경 계야 말로 최고의 법문이었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 남종선의 기본 철 학인 ‘불이법문’에서부터 선종과 미학 및 예술 간의 심층적인 연계성을 살펴본 것이 본고이다

The purpose of this study is to clarify the historical background of the setting of seungdang(僧堂) and gowon (庫院) in the Zen Buddhist temples of Song dynasty, in terms of as a Buddhist temple universality and as a Zen temple specificity, through the historical reference investigation on its relevance to the Buddhist temples of Tang dynasty. In the Zen Buddhist temples of Song dynasty, the Zen meditation space of seungdang was located on the west side of Buddha hall, and the kitchen and officiating priest’s living space of gowon was located on the east side of Buddha hall. Through the analysis of historical reference it was confirmed that, in the Buddhist temples of Tang dynasty, the Zen meditation section of seonwon(禪院) was on the west side, and the gowon was on the east side too. Therefore, it can be said that, the setting method of seungdang and gowon of the Zen Buddhist temples of Song dynasty was established above tradition of the Tang dynasty Buddhist temples.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of Zen Buddhist temple’s building composition of the Northern Song dynasty, through the analysis of literature historical material, such as Seonwon chenggyu(禪苑淸 規), Cham cheontae odaesan gi (參天台五臺山記) and so on. The building composition method of Zen Buddhist temple in Northern Song dynasty, which grasped from the Seonwon chenggyu, reflects the actual situation of the temples in that time. And it was ascertained that, the Zen Buddhist temple’s building composition of the Northern Song dynasty was basically same to that of Southern Song dynasty. And the comparative analysis was attempted between Zen Buddhist temples and that of other Buddhism sect described in Cham cheontae odaesan gi. From this analysis, the common features as Buddhism temple and the characteristics of building composition as Zen Buddhist temple was clarified.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. About 90% of these tumors occur in the parotid gland and 10% of them occur in the minor salivary glands. The most common sites for pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands are the palate, followed by the lips and the cheeks. Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate presents clinically as a painless, slow-growing mass found on posterior lateral aspect. In this case report, we report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the palate in a 36-year old male patient whose initial diagnosis was vascular mass such as hemangioma or lymphangiohemangioma by preoperative CT and MRI.

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, the copper dependent amine oxidase, oxidizes lysine residues in extracellular collagen and elastin. LOX increases the strength of the extracellular matrix and plays an important role in tumor development and metastasis. It has been reported that increased LOX protein and RNA are found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover some studies regarded LOX as a prognostic marker of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However there has not been any report on LOX expression of salivary gland tumors. Here, we investigated LOX expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary gland and compare it to those of pleomorphic adenoma (PA). We evaluated LOX expression in eighteen MEC, eighteen ACC and twenty PA cases by immunohistochemical examination. Whereas PA showed relatively low density of LOX expression, ACC revealed more cases that showing high staining intensities for LOX. Significantly increased LOX expression was found in the cases of ACC when compared to those of PA (P = 0.010).

Endoscopic snare papillectomy (ESP) for ampulla of Vater tumor (AVT) has been performed successfully instead of surgical ampullectomy (SA) because ESP is a less invasive procedure than SA. Hemorrhage, perforation and pancreatitis are relatively common complications of ESP and other rare complications such as cholangitis, liver abscess has been reported. Recently we encountered a case of acute acalculous cholecystitis after ESP for AVT, which was treated successfully with percutaneous cholecystostomy with intravenous antibiotics. We therefore report this case with a brief review of the literature.

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor. The carcinomatous component of the carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is mostly one type such as adenocarcinoma NOS, salivary duct carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. We present a case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma including two carcinomatous components. The tumor occurred in the palate of a 70-year-old man. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of both benign pleomorphic adenoma and the carcinoma area that showed adenocarcinoma NOS and squamous cell carcinoma. Finally this case was diagnosed as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma including two carcinomatous components