In this study, the design of anchorage zone for unbonded post-tensioned concrete beam with single tendons of ultimate strength 2400MPa was evaluated to verify that the KDS 14 20 60(2016) and KHBDC 2010 codes are applicable. The experimental results showed that the bursting force equation of current design codes underestimated bursting stress measured by test, because the KDS 14 20 60(2016) and KHBDC 2010 propose the location of the maximum bursting force 0.5h which is the half of the height of member regardless of stress contribution. Although the allowable bearing force calculated by current design codes was not satisfied the prestressing force, the cracks and failure in anchorage zone was not observed due to the strengthening effect of anchorage zone reinforcement.

Measuring the exact cable tension force is important to cable supported bridge under construction and on service. This study was planned to propose EM(electro-magnetic) sensor-based method for measuring the tension force of MS(multi-strand) cable in cable-stayed and extradosed bridge. The tension force in each strand is the same due to MS cable construction using Iso-tensioning system. Therefore, In this prosed method, EM sensor was installed directly at a strand and the measurement model was established for estimating the tension force of strand via EM sensor by experiments. The measurement model was derived from the relation of tension force and magnetic permeability. Also, the magnetic permeability is shown to be different according to the magnetization characteristic of 1860MPa and 2200MPa high-strength strand. The difference is increased as tension force increases. Additional experiment was conducted to verify the measurement model. As a result, the distribution of strand tension calculated upon the EM sensor is similar to those of tension measured by load cell. This proposed approach can be an effective tool for monitoring and measuring the cable force of MS cable.

본 논문에서는 프리텐션된 고강도 콘크리트 부재에서의 전달길이를 측정하기 위해 FBG 센서가 기입된 스마트 강연선을 활용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 전달길이 측정을 위해 길이 3m, 단면 150×150mm의 고강도 콘크리트 시험체를 총 5개 제작하였으며, 프리텐션 도입 시 콘크리트 압축강도는 58MPa로 측정되었다. 실험 결과 콘크리트 표면에 부착하는 기존의 전기 저항식 게이지보다 FBG 센서로부터 보다 정밀하고 신뢰성있는 강연선의 전달길이를 계측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 계측결과로부터 산정된 강연선 전달길이를 기존의 여러 모델들과 비교하였으며, 이를 통해 고강도 콘크리트 부재에서의 전달길이 산정에 대한 기존 모델들의 적용성을 분석하였다. 본 연구 내용은 향후 강연선의 부착 특성 분석 등의 관련 분야 연구 등에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

이 연구에서는 FBG센서가 내장된 강연선을 포스트텐션 UHPC 교량(길이 11.0m, 폭 5.0m, 높이 0.6m)에 적용하고 약 1년간의 긴장력 장기모니터링 결과를 정리하였다. 그리고 초기 도입 긴장력과 차량재하시험을 통하여 콘크리트 내부 강연선의 긴장력 변화를 계측하고 계측결과에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 이 연구에서 제안하는 콘크리트 내부 긴장력 측정방법이 공영 중인 교량에서 외력으로 인한 콘크리트 내부의 작은 프리스트레스 변화를 효과적으로 측정할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 장기 계측결과를 이용하여 응력변화에 의한 유효변형률을 정확하게 얻기 위해서는 온도보정에 사용되는 열팽창계수의 선택이 매우 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

In the moment frame subjected to earthquake loads, beam-column joint is structurally important for ductile behavior of a system. ACI Committee 352 proposed guidelines for designing beam-column joint details. The guidelines, however, need to be updated because of the lack of data regarding several factors that may improve the performance of joints. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete exterior joints with high-strength materials and unbonded tendons. Three specimens with different joint shear demand-to-strength ratios were constructed and tested, where headed bars were used to anchor the beam bars into the joint. All specimens showed satisfactory seismic behavior including moment strength of 1.3 times the nominal moment, ductile performance (ductility factor = at least 2.4), and sufficiently large dissipated energy.

Recent increases in the use of Deep Deck, and the study was carried out much of the Deep Deck in the country. Research is the most studies on the behavior of the composite slab after the concrete is cured. However, the large stress is generated in the work load(150kgf/m2) at the time of pouring concrete. The Deep Deck does not satisfy the provisions of deflection during construction when applied to more than 6.0m span. In this study, installed a strand or reinforcing bar at the bottom of the Deep Deck. The pressing force of tension on the strand and rebar was carried out an experiment to produce an upward deflection of the Deep Deck. The loading experiment was carried out and the pressing force the UTM load.

이 연구에서는 교량 상부구조물의 보수 보강에 많이 사용되는 7연 강연선의 공용중 긴장력 관리를 위한 새로운 방법은 제안하였다. 제안된 스마트 강연선은 기존 강연선의 중앙 킹와이어를 강제튜브로 대체하고, 강제튜브의 내부에 FBG 광섬유센서를 설치하여 강연선의 변형률을 측정할 수 있도록 하였다. 내장된 센서를 통하여 이 스마트 강연선의 변형률을 쉽게 측정할 수 있으므로, 공용중 강연선의 긴장력을 모니터링할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안된 장력 모니터링 방법의 효용성을 증명하기 위하여 FBG센서 2개가 내장된 길이 7.0m인 스마트 강연선을 제작하고, 이를 길이 6.4m, 높이 0.6m인 RC T형 모형거더에 외장형 텐던으로 적용하였다. 그리고 이 시험거더에 대한 재하-제하시험을 실시하고 로드셀에서 계측된 긴장력과 스마트 강연선을 이용하여 예측한 긴장력을 비교하였다. 비교 결과, 제안된 스마트 강연선은 긴장력이 작용된 강연선의 장력을 정확하게 모니터링 하는데 유용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

프리스트레스트 콘크리트(PSC) 교량은 강연선 통해 도입되는 압축력을 이용하는 구조로서 강연선의 긴장력을 당초 의도대로 확보하는 것이 PSC 교량의 안전에 중요한 요소이다. PSC 교량의 긴장력은 시공 당시부터 사용 중에 이르기까지 여러 가지 요인들로 인해 감소하므로 현재 상태에서 긴장력의 크기를 정확히 파악하는 것은 대단히 중요한 일이다. 한국건설기술연구원은 강연선의 강 심선을 FBG 광섬유 센서가 내장된 카본섬유 심선으로 대체시킨 스마트 강연선을 개발하고 검증했으며, 이를 실제의 외부 텐던 교량에 적용하여 약 500일 동안 안정적으로 계측을 실시하고 있다.

The evaluation for the status and levels of tension acting on a cable supported structure has been a issue due to the structural stability. Each of strands comprising that structures is adopted prestress, the tension level of the strand during the operation is a significant factor for structural integrity of the system. However, a suitable alternative for measurement of tension acting on a strand is not proposed, as well as conservative assessment of cable system is bing adopted in industrial application. Thus, in this paper, a new method is proposed for measurement of tensile forces in a strand using guided waves. This method use a dispersion characteristic of guided waves with variation of stiffness between each of wires. Proposed method is experimentally verified by some experiments using a seven-wire strand.

본 연구에서는 음향 방출 기법을 사용하여 강연선(7-wire strand)의 손상을 감지하기 위한 기초 실험을 수행하였다. 강연선은 주로 교량에 추가적인 인장력을 제공하기 위해 널리 사용되는 건설 자재이다. 프리스트레스 교량 또는 사장교가 대표적인 경우이다. 그러나 교량 노화가 급격히 진행되면서 강연선 부식 문제가 대두되고 있다. 이러한 이유로 케이블 점검을 위한 다양한 비파괴 방법이 연구되고 있고 현장 적용 이 시도되고 있다. 비파괴 방법 ??중 하나인 음향 방출 기법은 케이블 손상 및 파단을 감지하는 효과적인 기술로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 음향 방출 기법의 교량에 대한 적용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 강연선의 손상에 따른 음향 방출 신호 특성을 인장 실험을 분석 하고, 현장 적용을 위한 최적 센서 주파수 타입을 선정하였다. 결과적으로, 음향 방출 기법을 활용하여 향후 교량 케이블의 부식 파단 및 파단 징후를 감지 할 수 있다 고 여겨진다.

This study presents the investigation for relationship between local damage and structural performance of the 7-wire strand. This strand is often used additional reinforcement of bridges such as PSC (Prestressed Concrete) bridge and cable-stayed bridge. Stay cables are continuously damaged after completion and corrosion is the main cause of damage. Due to its structural characteristics, it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the degradation cable damage. Therefore the relationship between local damages on strand and structural performance is experimentally and analytically evaluated in this study. The results can be used for the safety management of the cable supported bridges in the future.

This paper presents the assessment of 7-wire strand monitoring using acoustic emission technique for bridges. 7-wire strand is widely used construction materials to provide additional tensile force to bridges. PSC (PreStressed Concrete) bridge and cable-stayed bridge are representatives for such cases. However, as the bridge aging progresses recently, corrosion problems of strand are emerging. For this reason, various NDT (Non-Destructive Test) methods for cable inspection are being studied and applied to the field. One of the NDT methods, acoustic emission technique, is known as an effective technique to detect cable damage and breakage. In this study, to evaluate the applicability of acoustic emission technique to bridges, acoustic emission signals according to presence or absence of the strand were acquired and analyzed by tensile test. As a result, it is considered that the acoustic emission technique will be able to detect corrosion breakage and signs of rupture.

The loss of prestress in cable supported structure is a direct cause of structural deterioration of the structure. Thus, measurement and evaluation of the tensile force acted on a strand consist of the cable system have been a significant technological factor. However, a measurement method of tension for each of strands is not proposed, as well as conservative assessment of cable system is bing adopted in industrial application. This paper proposes a new and effective method for measurement of tensile force in a strand based on ultrasound. Electromagnetic acoustic transducer(EMAT) is used for generation of ultrasound. Tensile force acting on a strand can be measured by characterization of guided waves that propagate along the boundary of geometry. Consequently, proposed method is experimentally verified by some experiments using seven-wire strand.

The smart strand built-in with core wire were fabricated and submitted to test. The results showed that the application of smart strand at pier structures.

This paper presents the optimized design of Coal Silo structure using 2,400MPa PS strand and their economic benefits. Original structural design on the Coal Silo structure using 1,860MPa PS strand was reviewed in order to compare the values from the design with the optimization results.

This paper presents a protection method with FBG sensor in a 7-wire steel strand for improving measurement range of the sensor. For this purpose, both polyimide tube and teflon tube are employed to protect the FBG sensor. Uniaxial tests are carried out to compare their performances with those without the protection. The comparison showed that (1) maximum measurable deformation strain of the FBG-encapsulated strand with the polyimide tube enhancement is superior to the strand without the protection, (2) and it can measure effective strain larger than 1.00% without slip around the FBG sensor while there may occur the slip in the strand with teflon tube.

In this study, long term monitoring of tensile force of pre-tensioned prestressing strand embedded in UHPC ribbed deck by means of FBG sensor encapsulated into 7-wire prestressing strand. Based on the monitoring result for two years, it was confirmed that the technique proposed in this study offers efficient and robust way of monitoring the internal prestress of pre-tensioned PSC structures.

The FBG sensor responses simultaneously to changes in thermal strain as well as elastic strain. Thus the total strain measured from a single FBG sensor shall be corrected to obtain the elastic strain by removing the temperature effect. This paper addresses how the temperature effect can be removed when the FBG sensor is encapsulated in a 7-wire steel strand. For this purpose, fundamental properties of the FBG sensor are identified through tests using a controlled temperature chamber. Then field measurements on a UHPC pi girder with the size of 11.0 m long, 5.0 m wide, and 0.6 m high have been conducted for about one year, and the prestressing force is estimated using the raw data from the FBG sensor and by applying temperature correction technique proposed in this study. Estimated results indicate that the proposed correction technique is executable for extracting the elastic strain from monitoring data using the FBG sensor in civil infrastructures.

This paper investigated experimentally the feasibility of estimating stress in prestressing strands using induced magnetic field by an external electromagnet and Villari effect that the permeability of ferromagnetic material varies according to its stress or strain.