The parking gear is very important part of automotive because it is related to safety. Nonlinear gear groove of parking gear is used to enlarge the contact area between parking gear and pawl. The die has been widely applied for many industrial parts such as machine, automotive and so on. The purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of upper and lower dies by using numerical analysis. As the results, the lower die was weaker than the upper die in this study, and the lower die showed that it should be used within 500ton in terms of safety factor. Further the most weak point of lower die was low location in front of gear. Its minimum value of safety factor was 0.578 in case of 4000ton of press load, therefore, this weak point was needed to be reinforced.

기어의 구조 안정성 및 치물림 성능을 분석하기 위하여 유한요소해석이 널리 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 스퍼 기어의 유한요소 모델 링 조건이 해석 결과 및 간소화 효과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기어 구조 해석의 간소화 방법으로 기어 몸체 및 잇수 간소화, 요소 망 생성 방식, 접촉 및 마찰 조건, 해석 조건 등을 선정하였다. 기어의 성능해석 지표로써 1주기의 기어 치물림 사이클 동안의 정전달 오차를 계산하였고, 간소화 지표로써 해석 소요 시간을 측정하였다. 유한요소해석을 통해 치물림 주기에 따른 접촉 응력 분포 및 변화 양상을 확인하였다. 모델링 조건에 따라 최대 전달 오차와 해석 소요 시간에 차이를 확인하고 원인을 분석하였다.

세계적으로 온실가스 및 대기 오염물질 배출 저감을 위한 환경 규제가 점점 강화되고 있는 가운데, 국내에서도 ‘2030 친환경 관공선 전환 계획’을 수립하여 선박의 온실가스 배출량 저감 기술 개발과 친환경 소형 연안선박 건조 및 실증 사업을 추진하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 연안 선박의 전기복합 추진을 위한 핵심 기자재인 기어박스의 설계에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. ROMAX 소프트웨어를 활용하여 전동기 구동, 엔진 구동, 엔진 구동 발전 등 다양한 운전 모드에서 기어의 강도와 치물림 상태를 확인하고, 치형 수정 최적화를 수행하였다. 또한 위상 최적화 기법을 이용하여 기어박스 하우징의 경량화 및 최적화를 수행하였다.

Structural characteristics have been analyzed for gear system in a commercial iron bending machine which is widely used at many building construction sites. This complicated gear system in the bending machine is fundamental power transfer unit from electrical motors, and it is composed of various configuration structure including various spur and helical gear assembly. Main structural characteristics of the gear system such as stress and deformation distributions are predicted with numerical simulation of FEM method for various operating conditions of torque and rotation speed. Results show that there is large deformation in lower region of driving gear, and high stress near those contact area which is greatly affected by motor torque. These results can be applied for the design improvement of efficient gear system in the iron bar bending machine.

Parking gear is essential parts of automotive to park on flat or slope ground. Parking of, especially, big-sized vehicle such as bus and truck is very important problem related to safety. Stability of parking gear may differ from contact location between parking gear and pawl. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of stability depending on contact location using numerical analysis. Furthermore the results obtained by numerical analysis were applied to real vehicles to evaluate established-product of parking gear. As the results, safety criterion of parking gear showed below 0.31ton and thus it was confirmed that parking gear of this study was suitable to small-sized vehicle.

With the recent development of autonomous driving technology, many researchers have studied autonomous mobile robots. Accordingly, they are developing diverse mobile robot actuators. However, most actuators mainly use reducers made of chains, belts, multi-stage gears, etc. So the volume and size of the actuators increase, and power transmission efficiency tends to be relatively low. Therefore, this study has proposed the reducer of the mobile robot actuator using a complex planetary gear train with small volume and high power transmission efficiency, and has confirmed the stability of the proposed reducer through finite element analysis.

The system of Sino-Vietnamese elements and Chinese characters have a relationship which has developed over the two thousand years since the beginning of the Christian era. This relationship can be divided into three phases based on the status and influencing level of Chinese characters in Vietnam including: from the prehistory to the tenth century, from the eleventh century to the beginning of the twentieth century, and from the early twentieth century to the present. In the first phase, the Sino-Vietnamese element system was formed. In the second phase, it was developed together with Chinese characters in Vietnam. In the third phase, it has been developed together with Vietnamese script, moving away from Chinese characters. This paper surveys this relationship based on 500 Sino-Vietnamese elements currently existing in Vietnamese. In this relationship, the Sino-Vietnamese elements borrow the meaning of the Chinese characters including the wholly borrowing ones (accounting for 3%）and the partially borrowing ones (accounting for 97%). The Sino-Vietnamese elements borrowing the original meaning of Chinese characters account for 57% while those do not account for 43%. The independently used Sino-Vietnamese elements account for 18%, and the non-independently used account for 82%. Some elements which create new meanings account for 8% whereas those which do not account for 92%. With such borrowing and creating characteristics, the system of Sino-Vietnamese elements has evolved and developed in terms of meaning. The ability to create words of the Sino-Vietnamese element system is created by turning morphemes into one-syllable words, combining morphemes, and repeating morpheme. The repeating method has little effect on the foreign elements. The method of turning morphemes into one-syllable words forms a number of word classes, accounting for 18%. The combining method is formed when combining Sino-Vietnamese elements together or combining Sino-Vietnamese elements and non-Sino-Vietnamese elements. This method forms precedent or unprecedented words in Chinese. The characteristics of creating the meaning and the ability to form words of the Sino-Vietnamese element system have proved the vitality, adaptability, and strong development of the Sino-Vietnamese element system as a word forming element system in Vietnamese. In the context of written language development in Vietnam today, the previous parallel relationship between the system of Sino-Vietnamese elements and Chinese characters has been severely damaged. Most Vietnamese users no longer have a clear understanding of the relationship and cannot trace the origin of Sino-Vietnamese elements. Therefore, reconstructing the relationship, studying its value, and creating search tools have become critical. This contributes to helping Vietnamese users understand more deeply and use more accurately the Sino-Vietnamese element system in Vietnamese.

In this study, in order to solve the quality problem (Safety accident) that the chain breaks out of the wheel gear due to the problem of the spare tire carrier device, the wheel gear is rotated in such a way that the upper part of the chain is caught on one side of the triangular wheel gear. When falling, the tire falls due to the chain falling off and the chain is caught by the wheel gear so that it cannot bear the tire load and slip occurs. Also, in order to solve the quality problem that the chain is caught (Due to malfunction), the “ㄷ” shaped chain the guide should play the role of guiding the movement of the chain by holding the chain in the direction. The technical development goal is to solve the problem of the chain dropping and the chain hanging from the wheel gear of this product.

Hot forging is widely used to manufacture many industrial parts such as machine, automotive and so on. It is important to simulate the relations or characteristics between preform and die before designing the die. The purpose of this study is to investigate the forging characteristics of parking gear with nonlinear gear groove, thus the behaviors of preform can be predicted in advance and finally they can be applied to die design. As the results, since the distributions of high effective strain rate of parking gear were less than 3%, it was predicted that the manufacturing of parking gear with nonlinear gear groove might be possible. Furthermore it was observed that, in this study, the effective stress of bottom die was lower than that of top die.

Combining digital automation solutions throughout recent manufacturing process is essential. Advanced robot and mechanical techniques are required for design, manufacture, and distribution process. Manual design of repetitive similar mechanical components during the development phase of these advanced machines and robots can occur wasting time and money. Developed gear design module, which is the power transfer system mechanical component, was programmed in the Visual Basic language in CATIA V5 environment. Automation Process is Based on Parametric Modeling Method. and it was found to be effective in reducing design time compared to designers manual modeling.

Recently, bicycle has means of effective healthy transportation, and riding the bicycles is considered as popular recreational and sporting activities. Also, the saddle, steering system, driving device and braking device are researched briskly because of consumer’s need for driving performance and comfort. Especially, the importance of a cassette responsible for transmission function by transmitting power to the drive shaft through the chain is very focused. The writer conducted structural analysis for the sprocket of each level using the ANSYS widely used for the analysis. Speed shifting performance was enhanced by minimization / simplification of shifting point through a sort of tooth profile of the cassette. By partitioning a clear value type and other shifting point, it has been modified to enable smooth speed-shifting. In addition, as titanium precision forming process, this study studied the molding technique by blanking and dies forging for mass production of the cassette. so it could be expected that the entire drive train would utilize that in the future. The stamping process capability for thin materials for the mass production of the sprockets is applicable to producing automobile parts, so lightweight component production is likely to be possible through that, for the safety of driving.

PURPOSES : Previously, airport concrete pavement was designed using only aircraft gear loading without consideration of environmental loading. In this study, a multiple-regression model was developed to predict maximum tensile stress of airport concrete pavement based on finite element analysis using both environmental and B777 aircraft gear loadings. METHODS: A finite element model of airport concrete pavement and B777 aircraft main gears were fabricated to perform finite element analysis. The geometric shape of the pavement, material properties of the layers, and the loading conditions were used as input parameters for the finite element model. The sensitivity of maximum tensile stress of a concrete slab according to the variation in each input parameter was investigated by setting the ranges of the input parameters and performing finite element analysis. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, influential factors affecting the maximum tensile stress were found to be used as independent variables of the multi regression model. The maximum tensile stresses predicted by both the multiple regression model and finite element model were compared to verify the validity of the model developed in this study. RESULTS: As a result of the finite element analysis, it was determined that the maximum tensile stress developed at the bottom of the slab edge where gear loading was applied in the case that environmental loading was small. In contrast, the maximum tensile stress developed at the top of the slab center situated between the main gears in the case that the environmental loading got larger. As a result of the sensitivity analysis and multiple regression analysis, a maximum tensile stress prediction model was developed. The independent variables used included the joint spacing, slab thickness, the equivalent linear temperature difference between the top and bottom of the slab, the maximum take-off weight of a B777 aircraft, and the composite modulus of the subgrade reaction. The model was validated by comparing the predicted maximum tensile stress to the result of the finite element analysis. CONCLUSIONS : The research shown in this paper can be utilized as a precedent study for airport concrete pavement design using environmental and aircraft gear loadings simultaneously.

The purpose of this study is to improve the durability by solving the crack problem of the steering gearbox bracket welded to the frame assembly. For the exact and effective analysis, we use charac- teristic(fishbone) diagram from the viewpoint of 4M1E. Through this analysis it was identified two kinds of problems, and develop improvement plan for it. Verification tests must be performed to confirm the improvement. So, the test method for steering gearbox bracket improvement was newly established by referring to similar case. As a result of the tests for verification, the stresses at crack point are decreased and the durability was improved about 2.6 times compared with product before improvement.

Recently, weight lightening is a key issue for various mechanical components to improve the fuel efficiency. For this reason, many researchers have been studying focused on the development of surface hardening treatment and metallic materials with high strength and wear resistance. In this study, we examine the formation of carbide at the surface of the gear machined by SCM420H steel after super-carburizing in order to improve the wear resistance of gear. The experimental results show that super-carburizing heat treatment gives rise to carbide dispersion across wider range of depth and higher carbon concentration than general carburizing heat treatment. Carbide having spheroidal or spherical shape had a size under 2 micro-meter produced in austenite grain boundaries or within austenite grains during super-carburizing. The super-carburized specimen maintained the hardness, HV700 above, at the 0.6mm depth and had a 10.4% lower coefficient of friction which was 0.766. This results from the dispersed carbide which lowered the coefficient of friction and ended up affecting wear resistance. Consequently, we conclude that super-carburizing heat treatment has more influence on the improvement of hardness, wear resistance compared to general carburizing heat treatment.