본 논문에서 필자는 루터가 두 형태의 두 왕국, 즉 하나님의 왕국과 사탄의 왕국, 그리고 하나님의 왕국과 세상왕국을 이야기 하고 있으며, 이 왕국들에 대한 루터의 사고를 오해하고 오용하는 것을 막기 위해서 이 두 형태는 신중하게 구별되어야 한다는 것을 강조한다. 이 논지를 토대로 하여 필자는 하나님의 사중통치, 세 가지의 외적 통치들, 그것들에 상응하는 세 가지의 외적 통치 수단들, 그리고 하나님의 사중통치에 대적하는 사탄의 사중통치에 대한 루터의 사고들이 하나님의 왕국과 세상왕국 간에 구별되기는 하지만, 동시에 상호 내적으로 연결된 관계를 보여주고 있음을 주장한다. 이와 함께 본 논문은 이 내적 연계성을 보여주기 위해서 특히 한 쌍의 신학적 주제인 믿음과 사랑, 자유의 두 양상(∼으로부터의 자유와∼을 향한 자유), 그리고 소명의 두 양상(구원 질서에로의 부르심과 창조질서에로의 부르심)에 대한 루터의 사상들을 부각한다. 그리고 결론적으로 본 논문은 믿음과 사랑, 자유의 두 양상, 그리고 소명의 두 양상을 각각 연결하면서, 그 각각의 신학적 주제들의 핵심에 놓여 있는 것이 예수 그리스도임을 강조함으로써, “예수 그리스도는 세상왕국과 무관한가?”라는 질문에 대한 루터의 답변을 제시한다. 그것은 그렇지 않다는 것이다.

The purpose of this article is to study an identity of Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms and to try theological evaluation about Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms. According to this article, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms has three dimension. First, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms is the Doctrine of two kingdoms of Augustinian tradition. Luther was an Augustinian Monk. His early writings show him as an independent representative of the late medieval Augustinian renaissance. Speaking of the two Kingdoms in his early and lately writings, he takes up the two kingdoms of Augustinian tradition demonstrated by the struggle of the city of God against the city of the Devil, a conflict which rules world history until the end. Therefore, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms is the Doctrine of two kingdoms handed down by Augustinian tradition. Second, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms is the Doctrine of two Regiments. According to Luther, God has instituted two different regiments for the delimitation and dissolution of the devil’s power: the Spiritual regiment and the worldly regiment. In the worldly regiment law, good works, reason, the punishing sword, and rewards for good deeds are valid. In the spiritual regiment of christ only grace, justification, and faith are valid. In the spiritual regiment God provides eternal salvation. In the worldly regiment human beings must care for the temporal welfare. In the worldly regiment the Sword rules, In the spiritual regiment the Word rules. Therefore, In Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms two Regiments was originated from God and the means of rules of God. Third, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms is the Dual Doctrine of the two Kingdoms. Within the larger distinction between the regnum Dei and regnum diaboli which rules the whole of world history, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms also makes a second distinction between the saving kingdoms and the preserving kingdom of the world. Within this second distinction both kingdoms, the “kingdom of the world” and the “kingdom of christ,” are directed against the “kingdom of the devil,” but in different way. Therefore, according to Moltmann, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms is the Dual Doctrine of the two Kingdoms which integrated between the two kingdoms of Augustinian and the Doctrine of two Regiments. Meanwhile, According to this article, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms can received two theological evaluation. At first, As a negative criticism, the consequences of this misuse of Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms theory came to expression in Gemany during the Hitler period. The doctrine provided no basis for religious and political resistance of National Socialism. Secondly, As a positive criticism, Luther’s Doctrine of the two kingdoms shows as a model of Reformation tradition to Reformers in the relationship between church and state.