최근 전 세계적으로 VRㆍAR 시장이 지속적으로 성장하고 있는 추세로 국내외 기업들이 VRㆍAR 관련 기술 및 콘텐츠 개발에 적극적으로 나서고 있는 상황이다. 그러나 VRㆍAR 기술에 전통적인 교육 방식이 결합된 산업인 에 듀테크 분야에 있어서는 새로운 혁신적 교육 모형 및 비즈니스 모델에 대한 연구가 부족한 편으로 에듀테크를 구체 적으로 실현할 수 있는 기술과 사업 환경 개선을 위한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 기존에 널리 활용되 어 온 터치 패널 기반 디스플레이툰 콘텐츠와 VR툰 콘텐츠의 사용자 경험을 비교 분석해 VR툰 개발에 필요한 사용 성 요소들을 선정하는 것을 연구 목적으로 삼았다. 연구 수행을 위해 태블릿 PC툰 및 VR툰을 분석 도구로 선정했으 며, 10대부터 40대까지의 30명(남자 19명, 여자 11명)의 실험 참가자들을 대상으로 기기를 사용하게 한 후 설문을 진행했다. 설문은 AttrakDiff 평가 방법을 통한 정량적 방법과 9가지 항목(만족도, 신규성, 조작성, 창의성, 이해성, 교육성, 흥미성, 참여성, 표현력)에 따른 정성적 평가방법으로 구성되었으며, 결과를 토대로 두 기기의 사용성을 비교했다. 그 결과 VR툰은 실용성은 떨어지나 자극성은 상대적으로 높은 기기인 반면 태블릿 PC툰은 자극성은 떨어지나 실용성은 상대적으로 높은 기기인 것으로 평가되었으며 전반적으로 태블릿 PC툰에 비해 VR툰에 대한 만족도가 컸다.

This study aims to propose a conceptual design of information displays for supporting responsive actions under severe accidents in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Severe accidents in NPPs can be defined as accident conditions that are more severe than a design basis accident and involving significant core degradation. Since the Fukushima accident in 2011, the management of severe accidents is increasing important in nuclear industry. Dealing with severe accidents involves several cognitively complex activities, such as situation assessment; accordingly, it is significant to provide human operators with appropriate knowledge support in their cognitive activities. Currently, severe accident management guidelines (SAMG) have been developed for this purpose. However, it is also inevitable to develop information displays for supporting the management of severe accidents, with which human operators can monitor, control, and diagnose the states of NPPs under severe accident situations. It has been reported that Ecological Interface Design (EID) framework can be a viable approach for developing information displays used in complex socio-technical systems such as NPPs. Considering the design principles underlying the EID, we can say that EID-based information displays can be useful for dealing with severe accidents effectively. This study developed a conceptual design of information displays to be used in severe accidents, following the stipulated design process and principles of the EID framework. We particularly attempted to develop a conceptual design to make visible the principle knowledge to be used for coping with dynamically changing situations of NPPs under severe accidents.

3 mol% yttria-doped stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) is synthesized by a solvothermal process, and its characteristics are investigated using various methods. Also, the dispersibility of synthesized 3YSZ nanoparticles is observed with the species of surface modifier. The 3YSZ nano sol prepared with an optimum condition is employed in prism coating and its properties are evaluated. The synthesized 3YSZ nanoparticles show a globular shape with about 10 to 20 nm crystallite size. The mixed phases with the nano sol show a high specific surface of 178 m2/g. The prism sheet coated with the 3YSZ nano sol present an excellent refractive index, transmittance, and luminance; refractive index is 1.603, transmittance is 90.2 %, and luminance of coating film is improved by 5.9 % compared to that of the film without 3YSZ nano sol. It is verified that the surface modified 3YSZ is suitable as the prism sheet for optical displays.

Various elements of Fabrication (FAB), mass production of existing products, new product development and process improvement evaluation might increase the complexity of production process when products are produced at the same time. As a result, complex production operation makes it difficult to predict production capacity of facilities. In this environment, production forecasting is the basic information used for production plan, preventive maintenance, yield management, and new product development. In this paper, we tried to develop a multiple linear regression analysis model in order to improve the existing production capacity forecasting method, which is to estimate production capacity by using a simple trend analysis during short time periods. Specifically, we defined overall equipment effectiveness of facility as a performance measure to represent production capacity. Then, we considered the production capacities of interrelated facilities in the FAB production process during past several weeks as independent regression variables in order to reflect the impact of facility maintenance cycles and production sequences. By applying variable selection methods and selecting only some significant variables, we developed a multiple linear regression forecasting model. Through a numerical experiment, we showed the superiority of the proposed method by obtaining the mean residual error of 3.98%, and improving the previous one by 7.9%.

I investigated the homogeneous liquid crystal alignment using parallel patterning on nickel oxide thin film. Nickel oxide thin film was prepared by sol-gel process, which is and cost effective method to form oxide thin film. Since the sol-gel process is solution driven method, the patterning on nickel oxide can be achieved by imprinting lithography. Nickel oxide with parallel pattern was used for liquid crystal alignment layer, which can be a alternative to conventional rubbing process to aligning a liquid crystal molecules. As a result, a high transmittance of 83.9% was confirmed for the NiO film, and a stable horizontal orientation pretilt angle of 0.2° occurred in the imprinted NiO film. These results were judged to be a positive level that can be commercialized in the horizontal alignment type liquid crystal display that is currently used universally. Anisotropic characteristics of nickel oxide induced by a parallel pattern leads to the alignment of liquid crystals.

This paper presents a log-transformed model-based performance analysis system for analyzing and improving manufacturing performance of the smart factory in the display business. Two years of data related to traditional manufacturing performance such as Cycle-time, WIP(Work-In-Process), and Throughput were investigated from the smart factory that producing the display for this research. We assessed manufacturing competitiveness based on how the operational level of automation affects improvements in manufacturing performances. We analyzed functional relationships between the indicators were derived using logtransformed regression analysis how the manufacturing performance indicators change according to the operational level of smart factory automation. As a result, we knew that the 170K production, which was planned capacity in the line design phase, achieved by running an automation level of only 59%. Based on this research, we suggest building an autopoietic optimize performance model to improving manufacturing competitiveness of smart manufacturing.

본 연구는 멀미증상이 동공 리듬에 미치는 영향을 확인하는 것을 그 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구는 2D와 HMD를 통해 동일한 가상현실 콘텐츠를 실험참가자에게 15분 동안 경험하게 한 이후에 동공반응을 비교하였고 본 실험에는 16명(남자 8명, 여자 8명, 평균 나이: 25.67 ± 2.43세)의 피험자가 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 영상멀미를 경험한 이후에 동공 리듬이 불규칙한 패턴을 나타내었고 이것은 동공 크기(mPD) 및 동공 리듬의 편차(sPD)가 증가하는 결과로 확인되었다. 이러한 동공 반응의 결과는 인지부하와 밀접한 관련이 있고 영상멀미를 처리해야 할 시각 정보량의 증가 및 감각정보들 사이의 충돌 혹은 불일치로 인한 인지부하 현상으로 해석이 가능하다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법은 기존의 센서 기반의 평가 방법에 비해 멀미 증상을 카메라 기반의 비접촉식으로 측정할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

This study analyzes characteristics related to Kineticism found in different kinds of displays and arts in order to contemplate modern window displays. The standard of analysis is based on kinetic arts pioneer George Rickey’s six display factors. Projection features and movements were categorized into “Direct movements,” “Indirect movements,” and “Relative movements.” Results were obtained through analysis of different examples of each category. First, the most observed form of Kineticism was direct movements on the window display. Along with the development of science and techniques, a variety of divergent motional methods has arisen. After that followed indirect movement, which uses visual media and lights for presentation. The third was relative movements, which provides communication in practical experience; users’ motion is used to provide modification in vision. Fourth, we observed that direct movements and indirect movements can express fluidity depending on materials, inducing a sense of tension within the window display through visual stimuli together with dynamism from mechanical exposure. Fifth, when direct movements pair with relative movements, it triggers customer participation; though it does not deliberately induce participation, the effects are beyond expectation. Sixth, if indirect movements meet relative movements, the motion of lights offers a major stimulation to the customers along with various expressions, thus achieving an interactive domain.

디스플레이 기술이 다양한 상품으로 점차 발전함에 따라 소비자가 선호하는 디스플레이 유형을 선택할 수 있는 효과적이고 객관적인 비교 평가 방법이 필요하다. 그러나 객관적이고 주관적인 디스플레이 품질 평가 방법은 디스플레이가 상이한 특성을 가지므로 다양한 디스플레이에서 일반적으로 유사하지 않다. 이에, 본 논문은 상대적으로 특성이 서로 다른 디스플레이의 인지 화질 평가를 위해 분석 네트워크 프로세스 (ANP)를 사용하여 이들 디스플레이의 상대적 화질 을 평가할 수 있는 체계적인 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 평가 방법의 검증은 4 개의 모바일 디스플레이를 사용하여 평가 되었고, 주관적 평가와 제안한 방법의 선호도가 일치함을 보였다.

디스플레이의 화질은 중요한 성능 지표이며, 균일도는 화질을 결정하는 주요 요소들 중의 하나이다. LED 매트릭 스 디스플레이 같이 화소마다 휘도 및 색역이 다른 경우, 디스플레이 휘도 및 컬러 균일도 개선을 위한 보정 작업이 수행되어야 한다. 적용의 편리성 때문에 대부분의 경우에 균일도 보정 방법은 모든 화소의 휘도 및 색역 중 가장 낮은 값 으로 보정을 수행하는 방식으로 진행되어왔다. 하지만, 이와 같은 방법은 균일도 보정 후 디스플레이의 휘도 및 색역이 너무 많이 감소하는 단점을 갖는다. 휘도 및 색역 감소량을 최소화하는 방법의 대안은 디스플레이가 균일하게 인지되는 범위를 도출한 후, 해당 범위 내에서 휘도 및 색역이 최대가 되는 값을 기준으로 디스플레이를 보정하는 것이다. 본 논 문에서는 이와 같은 디스플레이 균일도 보정 범위를 도출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 시각 실험을 통하여 화소간 휘도 및 색의 차이가 사람의 눈에 상이하게 인지되는 기준을 도출하고, 실험 결과를 사용하여 디스플레이 균일 도 보정 범위를 정량화 한다. 제안하는 방법의 성능은 시각 실험을 통하여 검증된다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 방법이 90% 이상의 높은 정확도로 균일도 보정 범위를 정확하게 도출하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

In recent years, the interactive systems with large display have been on the rise, and research on these systems is increasing. While prior research has explored various interaction techniques and input devices developed for large display, it focused on interaction devices used at specific distances from the display. This research introduces a multi-scale user interaction approach that utilizes a multi-touch screen, freehand gestures and mobile interfaces to help users seamlessly interact with the interactive system regardless of their distance from the display. An experiment was conducted to evaluate how users adopted the multi-scale user interaction to more effectively perform various user interaction tasks. The result showed that the multi-scale user interaction helped users improve their overall task performance. It also found that users tended to utilize different multi-scale user interfaces to complete different kinds of tasks.

The purpose of this study was to propose various directions for effectively proposing window displays that satisfy changing consumer needs by investigating and analyzing the characteristics of unexpected expressions used in recent Christmas windows. Research was conducted by investigating unexpectedness in window displays through literature reviews and previous studies. To observe unexpectedness in Christmas windows, website-based case images of window displays from the six years between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the department stores of Bergdorf Goodman, Printemps, Selfridges, and Isetan. Unexpected expressions in department-store Christmas window displays could be categorized into four expressive methods of hybrid expressions, figurative expressions, amusing expressions, and exaggerative expressions. The results were as follows: First, hybrid expressions are interpreted by consumers as having new or diverse meanings that change the original external forms of subjects or objects. Second, Christmas colors are used in the window backgrounds’ figurative expressions, but these windows do not use excessive expressions; furthermore, these windows personify people as animals and anthropomorphize animals as people, using subjects to depict other subjects to show unfamiliar images. Third, amusing expressions are used to decorate windows with unique and novel ideas that provide stimulation and amusement for customers and capture their attention through the composition of windows that entail childish props and elements that create funny. Fourth, exaggerative expressions deliberately stretch and expand subjects or objects in windows to elicit customers’ curiosity and interest through emphasis.

In this paper, we developed 3D games which use lip-motion input device and displayed it on a non-glass 3D display using integral video method. The games called Jenga and Cubes are developed by using unity3D. Potential immersion and usability of games displayed by integral video method is experimentally tested. Experiment participants played the test games and are surveyed to measure immersion and potential usability. In this survey, the immersion scored 3.83 out of 5 in average, and we confirmed relatively higher satisfaction than 2D display. Positive results on implementation of non-glass 3D display on game contents are obtained from the experiment and survey.

This study examines the role of visual merchandising (VMD) in creating effective interior displays for fashion “select shops”(shops that carry a wide selection of brands) amid the recent changes in consumption trends, with consumer needs becoming increasingly individualized and diversified. Fashion select shop interior displays can be categorized as self-service, showcase, counter, and environmental display spaces. Regarding the VMD elements that contribute to effective interior displays, we reached the following conclusions. First, in self-service displays, in order to heighten sales efficacy, display elements should be presented in such a way as to enable customers to select products with ease by themselves. Second, the mere presence of showcase displays was found to be insufficient; if, however, select shops use showcase displays to arrange products according to the flow of customer traffic, enabling the creation of a gentrified atmosphere for products, this may contribute to a differentiated image of brands, heightening perceived product value. Third, in counter displays, having a harmonious arrangement of display and presentation elements promotes sales by inspiring customer confidence. Fourth, regarding environmental displays, it is important for stores to have attractive interior designs and decorations in order to reproduce settings in which products are actually used, as this can inspire interest in products and promote customers’ purchasing intention.

MTO (Make to Order) is a manufacturing process in which manufacturing starts only after a customer’s order is received. Manufacturing after receiving customer’s orders means to start a pull-type supply chain operation because manufacturing is performed when demand is confirmed, i.e. being pulled by demand (The opposite business model is to manufacture products for stock MTS (Make to Stock), which is push-type production). There are also BTO (Build to Order) and ATO (Assemble To Order) in which assembly starts according to demand. Lean manufacturing by MTO is very efficient system. Nevertheless, the process industry, generally, which has a high fixed cost burden due to large-scale investment is suitable for mass production of small pieces or ‘mass customization’ defined recently. The process industry produces large quantities at one time because of the lack of manufacturing flexibility due to long time for model change or job change, and high loss during line-down (shutdown). As a result, it has a lot of inventory and costs are increased. In order to reduce the cost due to the characteristics of the process industry, which has a high fixed cost per hour, it operates a stock production system in which it is made and sold regardless of the order of the customer. Therefore, in a business environment where the external environment changes greatly, the inventory is not sold and it becomes obsolete. As a result, the company’s costs increase, profits fall, and it make more difficult to survive in the competition.Based on the customer’s order, we have built a new method for order system to meet the characteristics of the process industry by producing it as a high-profitable model. The design elements are designed by deriving the functions to satisfy the Y by collecting the internal and external VOC (voice of customer), and the design elements are verified through the conversion function. And the Y is satisfied through the pilot test verified and supplemented. By operating this make to order system, we have reduced bad inventories, lowered costs, and improved lead time in terms of delivery competitiveness. Make to order system in the process industry is effective for the display glass industry, for example, B and C groups which are non-flagship models, have confirmed that the line is down when there is no order, and A group which is flagship model, have confirmed stock production when there is no order.

Recently, Product-Service System(PSS) is a rising paradigm that enables integration between products and services offering. Also, academic interests for product-service design using the house of quality (HOQ) have been emerged. the engineering characteristics of the HOQ are usually extracted by experts. However, as the new technologies were merged, it was difficult to find the optimum expert for extracting the engineering characteristics in the fusion technology. Therefore, this paper applies the topic modeling technique using patent data to extract the engineering characteristics which considers not only products features but also services characteristics. Also, a case study demonstrates the usefulness of our approach with augmented reality-head mounted display. It was conducted to make the HOQ with distinct four steps. First, the customer needs were collected through the latest device review from website and grouped into the representative customer needs. Second, the engineering characteristics of the augmented reality-head mounted display were extracted by using the US patent data of augmented reality head mounted display through the topic modeling technique. Third, the correlation degree of product - service characteristics was drawn by using the extracted topic’s cosine similarity. Finally, the relationship matrix of customer needs and engineering characteristics was filled with experts. After which we suggest product-service business concepts from HOQ. Main advantage is appeared from the result of this research paper is that it can provide the business concepts of the integrated product-services to reflect the customer requirements. This business concepts are utilized for the early phase in R&D planning.

It is very important for the competitiveness and sustainable management of enterprises that the rapid changes in the managerial environments quickly and accurately are responded. For example, the large-scale investment accompanied by bad alternatives in accordance with misunderstanding of the managerial environments yields the huge cost and effort to modify and improve. In firm management, the quality of products and the productivity are influenced by changes of the endogenous factors yielded in manufacturing process and the exogenous factors as market, etc. These changes include not only changes in 4M (man, machine, material, method) but also those in the market, competitors, and technologies in the process of commodification, i.e., first, such disturbances make dispersion of the process big and odd. By Shewhart chart it can be checked that the process monitored is control-in or out. Business administration executes activities for input stabilization by monitoring changes in 4Ms, comparing with the standards, and taking measures for any abnormality. Second, TRM (technology road map) is to prospect product deployment and technological trend by predicting technologies in the competitive environment as the market, and to suggest the future directions of business. So, TRM must be modified and improved according to DR (design review) stages and changes in mass-production like input material change. Therefore, a role of TRM in input stabilization for reducing cost and man-hour is important. This study purposed to suggest that the environment changes are classified into endogenous factors and exogenous factors in production process, and then, quality and productivity should be stabilized efficiently through connection between TRM and input stabilization, and to prove that it is more effective for the display industry to connect TRM with input stabilization rather than to use TRM separately.