This paper studied the problem of determining the optimal inventory level to meet the customer service target level in a situation where the customer demand for each branch of a nationwide retailer is uncertain. To this end, ISR (In-Stock Ratio) was defined as a key management indicator (KPI) that can be used from the perspective of a nationwide retailer such as Samsung, LG, or Apple that sells goods at branches nationwide. An optimization model was established to allow the retailer to minimize the total amount of inventory held at each branch while meeting the customer service target level defined as the average ISR. This paper proves that there is always an optimal solution in the model and expresses the optimal solution in a generalized form using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition regardless of the shape of the probability distribution of customer demand. In addition, this paper studied the case where customer demand follows a specific probability distribution such as a normal distribution, and an expression representing the optimal inventory level for this case was derived.

This study set up the revenue water ratio that could be achieved within the range of the expenses of the water distribution network maintenance project, developed an analysis methodology that could estimate the additional project quantity to achieve the target revenue water ratio of 85% and applied and verified that to S. City. This methodology allowed the distribution of the leakage quantity for each leakage component by the pipeline through the total revenue water account balance analysis and BABE approach and the redistribution into the calculated leakage quantity more accurately through a step test. In addition, the level of reduction in leakage and the quantity of the project were estimated before and after the application of four strategies for the promotion of the revenue water ratio presented by IWA, according to the leakage components by the pipeline. As a result of the application of this analysis method to S. City, it would be possible to achieve up to the revenue water ratio of 81.0%, which was 74.7% in the beginning, if the water distribution network maintenance project was promoted within the range of the project expenses, and to achieve the revenue water ratio of 85.0%, the goal of the project, it would be necessary to replace the pipeline of 22.2% of the entire pipelines in the target area. As a result of the re-estimation of the revenue water ratio achievable, applying the actual water distribution network maintenance quantity in the scope of the business with the results of this analysis, the revenue water ratio was 81.7% while the actually measured revenue water ratio was 82.3%. Thus, the reliability of this analysis method could be secured to some extent.

본 연구에서는 비선형 정적해석법인 능력스펙트럼 법을 이용하여 성능목표를 만족하기 위하여 필요한 점탄성 감쇠기를 설계하는 절차를 제시하였다. 점탄성 감쇠기의 적정 크기를 구하기 위해 목표 변위에서 필요한 유효감쇠 비를 구한 다음 구조물의 이력거동에 의한 등가감쇠 비와 고유감쇠 비를 이용하여 필요한 감쇠기의 감쇠를 구하였다. 점탄성 감쇠기를 설치할 경우에는 구조물의 감쇠뿐만 아니라 강성도 변화하기 때문에 반복계산이 필요하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 단자유도계에서 구조물의 설계변수를 변화시키면서 제안된 방법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 또한 10층의 철골조 건물에 적용하고 지진응답을 구하였다. 제안된 방법에 따라 설계된 감쇠기를 설치하고 수행한 시간이력해석 결과에 의하면 고려된 설계변수에 관계없이 목표변위를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

목적: 본 연구는 연습 상황에서 고등학교 운동선수들의 인지평가, 정서, 대처방식 및 목표달성 간의 구조적 관계와 성별 및 운동경력 수준 간 구조모형의 교차 타당도를 검증하는데 목적을 두었다. 방법: 연구대상은 체육고등학교 운동선수 473명(남자=318명, 여자=155명)이었다. 자료는 기술통계, 확인적 요인분석, 상관분석, 구조방정식모형 분석 및 다집단 분석에 의해 처리되었다. 결과: 연습 상황에서 고교 선수의 긍정적 정서와 문제중심대처는 도전평가와 목표달성 간의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하고, 긍정적 정서와 정서중심대처도 도전평가와 목표달성 간의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하는 역할을 하였다. 그러나 부정적 정서와 정서대처 및 회피대처는 위협평가와 목표달성 간의 관계를 매개하지 않았다. 이들 구조적 관계는 성별과 운동경력 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 이러한 연구결과는 청소년 운동선수들이 성공적인 목표달성을 위해 스트레스 사건들을 도전적인 것으로 평가하고 긍정적 정서와 문제중심 대처전략을 촉진시키는 것이 중요함을 시사한다.

The Ministry of Environment (MOE) has made more effort in managing point source pollution rather than in nonpoint source pollution in order to improve water quality of the four major rivers. However, it would be difficult to meet water quality targets solely by managing the point source pollution. As a result of the comprehensive measures established in 2004 under the leadership of the Prime Minister’s Office, a variety of policies such as the designation of control areas to manage nonpoint source pollution are now in place. Various action plans to manage nonpoint source pollution have been implemented in the Soyang-dam watershed as one of the control areas designed in 2007. However, there are no tools to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of the action plans. Therefore, this study would assess the action plans (especially, BMPs) designed to manage Soyang-dam watershed with the WinHSPF and the CE-QUAL-W2. To this end, we simulated the rainfall-runoff and the water quality (SS) of the watershed and the reservoir after conducting model calibration and the model validation. As the results of the calibration for the WinHSPF, the determination coefficient (R2) for the flow (Q, m3/s) was 0.87 and the R2 for the SS was 0.78. As the results of the validation, the former was 0.78 and the latter was 0.67. The results seem to be acceptable. Similarly, the calibration results of the CE-QUAL-W2 showed that the RMSE for the water level was 1.08 and the RMSE for the SS was 1.11. The validation results(RMSE) of the water level was 1.86 and the SS was 1.86. Based on the daily simulation results, the water quality target (turbidity 50 NTU) was not exceeded for 2009∼2011, as results of maximum turbidity in '09, '10, and '11 were 3.1, 2.5, 5.6 NTU, respectively. The maximum turbidity in the years with the maximum, the minimum, and the average of yearly precipitation (1982∼2011) were 15.5, 7.8, and 9.0, respectively, and therefore the water quality target was satisfied. It was discharged high turbidity at Inbuk, Gaa, Naerin, Gwidun, Woogak, Jeongja watershed resulting of the maximum turbidity by sub-basins in 3years(2009∼2011). The results indicated that the water quality target for the nonpoint source pollution management should be changed and management area should be adjusted and reduced.

섬진강 댐 상류의 경우 큰 오염원의 유입이 없어 수질이 상대적으로 양호한 반면, 섬진강 댐 하류 지역의 경우 지자체들을 포함하고 있어 섬진강 본류의 수질악화 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이에 댐 하류 지역의 수질을 예측하고 단위유역별 목표수질을 달성하기 위한 적정 방류량 산정은 댐 운영에 있어 중요한 관리방안이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 섬진강수계 중권역 물환경관리계획에서 제시된 오염부하량 자료를 기반으로 섬진강댐 하류 지역의 수질을 예측하고 공시된 목표수질을 달성하기 위한 섬진강댐의 적정 방류량을 산정하고자 한다. 적정 댐 방류량을 결정하기 위한 수리 특성 분석을 실시하고, 수질모델링을 통한 하천 수질 기준의 만족 여부를 검토하였다. 이를 통해 기존 수질 분석 및 예측을 실시하고 목표수질을 만족하지 못하는 경우에 섬진강 댐 하류 지역의 목표수질을 만족하기 위한 댐의 적정 방류량을 산정하였다. 수질모의를 실시한 결과 섬진강 본류에 대한 목표수질을 만족하기 위해서는 최종 배출부하량에 대하여 8.4∼213.6 cms의 최종 댐 방류량이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.