Durable softening water repellents such as PODCW, PDDCW, and PEDCW were prepared by blending cationized polymers, fatty carbamide, waxes, and emulsifiers. The cationized polymers included poly (octadecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PODC], poly (n-dodecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PDDC]and poly (2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PEDC]. After the PET fabrics were treated with these water repellents, water repellency, softness, and durability of the PET fabrics were examined by various methods : water repellency by the hydrostatic pressure and the contact angle methods, softness by crease recovery and tearing strength, and durability by washability, respectively. Rating of water repellency of PET fabrics treated with PODCW was 80+, but those treated with PDDCW and PEDCW were not high enough to be used in industry.

The procedure to prepare an acrylic emulsion water repellents by blending of arcylic copolymer, activated polyethylene, wax, and emulsifiers was published in the previous paper. After the treatment of the prepared water repellents on a cotton fabrics with and without textile finishing resin, washability, contact angle, tearing strength, and crease recovery were tested. As the result, there were remarkable improvements in physical properties. Proper curing temperature of the synthesized water repellents impellents was 150℃ : proper using concentration was 5wt% : sodium acetate was the best catalyst for water repellents among the used, and proper concentration was 1.0wt%.

Durable softening water-repellenting agent such as PODCW, PDDCW and PEDCW were prepared by blending cationized compound such as poly(octadecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)[PODC], poly(2-dodecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate)[PDDC] and poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-2-diethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate)[PEDC], and cationized compound of fatty carbamide, of which synthetic methods were reported in the previous paper, waxes, and emulsifiers. The results of physical tests of the P/C blended fabrics treated with PODCW, PDDCW and PEDCW with and without textile finishing resin, showed a remarkable improvement of the physical properties. The prepared water-repellenting agents, PODCW-6 and PDDCW-1, were treated on P/C blended fabrics with and without resin. For any cases, there are a little changes between initial water repellency and repellency after 3 times washing of the fabrics. Therefore, the water-repellenting agents proved to be a durable agents, and initial water 100+ and 90+ point, respectively.

Durable softening water repellents such as PODCWs were prepared by blending cationized compound of poly(octadecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate), of which synthetic methods were reported in the previous paper, activated polythylene, waxes, and emulsifiers. Water repellency of prepared PODCWs was measured by performing water repellent finish to various fabrics, PODCWs showed a good water repellency for P/C blended fabrics and their repelling tendency was in the order of P/C blended fabrics〉cotton fabrics〉nylon taffeta. The initial water repellencies of PODCW-1 and PODCW-2 were 100 and 100- points, respectively, for P/C blended fabrics. And also, PODCW-1 and PODCW-2 were confirmed as durable water repellents with the results of making little difference of water repellency as ±5 point after and before washing.

To prepare a durable softening water repellent, quaternized octadecyl methacrylate-2-diethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate as a mother resin and quaternized 1, 3-dioctadecyl-2, 7-dioxy-6, 8-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-1, 3, 6, 8-tetraazacyclodecane which increase the softening effect and the hydrostatic pressure blended with waxes and their emulsifier in various proportions to give water repellent PADWC. As the results of the measurement of water repellency, washable, tear strength and crease recovery to polyestercotton(P/C) blended fabrics treated with PADWC only or addition of textile finishing resin, the physical properties were increased. There was no significant lowering effect in water repellency when PADWC was treated the antistatic agent by the one-bath method, and the effect of water repellency by the adding the catalyst was studied. PADWC was confirmed as durable water repellent with the results of making little difference of water repellency as ±5 point after and before washing.

Durable softening water repellents for nylon fiber were synthesized, using two compounds: quaternized octadecyl methacrylate-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer as a mother resin of water repellent and quaternized fatty carbamide for improving softness and hydrostatic pressure, of which syntheses were studied in the previous papers. They were blended with waxes and emulsifiers in a variety of ratios and synthesized into water repellent PADWC, and it was nylon taffeta treated with and without textile finishing resin. The synthesized water repellents can be used either or without resin. The optimum curing temperature was 150 to 160℃ and the optimum concentration was 3 to 5wt%. In the independent and conjunct treatment, the water repellency of nylon taffeta samples have no remarkable changes between initial value and that after three times washing, so these prove that the synthesized compounds are durable water repellent. The water repellency of PADWC-3 and -4 were around 90. Also, comparison of crease recovery and tear strength after repelling treatment showed that the synthesized water repellents have a very high softening effect.

In the preparation of acrylic water repellent(EDLWC). quaternized 2-diethylarrunoethylmethacrylate-stearylmethacrylate copolymer (DSACC) and quaternized 1-Iaurovlbis(aminoethyl)-2-dodecylimidazoline(LDDIC) were selected as a basic resin and the improving agent such as softening effect and hydrostatic pressure of the water repellent. EDLWC was prepared by blending waxes and emulsifier for waxes with various ratio to DSACC and LDDIC. As the results of the measurement of water repellency, washable, tear strength and crease recovery to polyester-cotton(P/C) blended fabrics treated with EDLWC only or addition of textile finishing resin, the physical properties were increased. Sodium acetate was the most effective catalyst in the water repellency among the various kinds of catalyst. and the reasonable concentration of the catalyst was 1. 4 wt%. EDLWC was confirmed as durable water repellent with the results of making little difference of water repellency as ±5 point after and before washing. The reaction mechanism between P/C blended fabrics and EDLWC in the presence of catalyst was proposed. And also, the longitudinal view of the P/C blended fabrics treated with water repellent was observed with scanning electron microscope.

The quaternized compound of the copolymer between 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate (DSACC) was chosen as the mother resin for the water repellent of acrylics. The quaternized compound of 1-lauroyl dis (amino ethyl)-2-dodecyl imidazoline (LDDIC) was used to promote softening effect and hydrostatic pressure for the water repellent. The water repellent (EDUWC) obtained from the DSACC and LDDIC blended with waxes and emulsifiers improved the properties such as the water repellency, washable, tear strength and crease recovery when it was treated on the nylon fabrics with and without the resin. The reaction mechanism between the Nylon fiber and EDLWC was examined, and EDLWC was confirmed as the durable water repellent.

콘크리트는 외부로부터 침투하는 열화 인자들의 침투에 의해 철근이 부식하고 구조재료로써의 성능이 저하된다. 발수제를 직접 도포하거나 혼입하는 방법이 연구되고 있고, 본 연구에서는 발수제의 뭉침 및 떠오름을 방지하기 위하여 다공성 재료인 제올라이트를 혼입한 발수콘크리트 개발을 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 제올라이트 치환율에 따른 시험체를 제작하였으며, 접촉각 측정결과 치환량과 접촉각의 크기는 비례하여 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.