This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of odor-causing substances in Yeosu national industrial complex, which is designated as an “Odor management Area,” in 2019 and the surrounding area. The sampling sites were divided into three areas: five sites within the industrial complex (Management area), one site within the borders of the complex (Boundary area), and two sites within residential areas (Affected area) affected by odors. The odor compounds were collected from March to September at dawn, daytime, and night. The analytical items were meteorological data, complex odor, legally-designated 22 odor compounds and other VOCs. Complex odor was exceeded on the limit three occasions at two sites in the management area. Ammonia, two types of sulfides, three types of aldehydes, and five VOCs were detected to be within the emission standards. Ammonia was the most frequently detected compounds. Aldehydes and sulfur compounds made a relatively high contribution to the level of odors. Therefore, aldehydes and sulfur compounds should be reduced first in order to prevent odors from occurring.

In this study, to improve the logistics flow of existing given chemical logistics warehouse, four logistics flow alternatives were proposed to minimize truck interference by building simulation model. The simulation model for chemical storage warehouse was built to evaluate system performance. Among the four new improved alternatives based on the basic model, the model with the same truck’s pathways and locations of facilities identified an increase in the number of interferences but a decrease in daily working hours as the number of resources in a particular facility increases. Therefore, the three groups were classified as ‘efficiency’, ‘complementary’, and ‘safety’ based on the daily working hours, and the ratio of trucks entering two types of logistics warehouse was set in consideration of future market fluctuations. For each of the six types, the optimal number of resources was selected as the number of resources in the facilities with the least number of interferences in the basic model and the evaluation measures and characteristics set in this study were compared and analyzed. As a result, the Alternative 4 model operating the underground roadway produced interference between 17.0% and 36.4% of the basic model, with 113.3% of the interior loadspace.

가소제는 딱딱한 특성을 지닌 플라스틱에 유연성 및 탄성을 주어 제품으로서의 부드러운 특성을 갖출 수 있도록 첨가되는 물질로서, 주로 고분자 물질에 첨가되어 유연성을 부여함으로써 가공성을 개선하 고, 내한성, 내휘발성, 전기적 특성을 강화할 목적으로 이용되고 있다. 대부분의 가소제는 비활성 액체로서 용매의 기능과 유사한 역할을 하지만 분자량이 크고 휘발성이 없다. 또한, 석유화학제품에 용해되어 있는 경우, 다른 화합물과의 중첩효과(matrix effect)에 의해 가소제만을 분리하여 정성 및 정량분석하기에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 석유화학제품에서 검출될 수 있는 가소제의 대표적 성분인 DOA와 DOP에 대해 MD-GC/MS를 활용하여 정성 및 정량분석을 실시하여 최적의 가소제 분석 방법을 개발하고자 하였다.

Nickel recovery method was studied by the wet process from the catalyst used in hydrogenation process. Nickel content in waste catalyst was about 16%. At the waste catalyst leaching system by the alkaline solution, selective leaching of nickel was possible by amine complex formation reaction from ammonia water and ammonium chloride mixed leachate. The best leaching condition of nickel from mixed leachate was acquired at the condition of pH 8. LIX65N as chelating solvent extractant was used to recover nickel from alkaline leachate. The purity of recovered nickel was higher than 99.5%, and the whole quantity of nickel was recovered from amine complex.

Estimation of mortality behavior of a industrial property are useful for calculating depreciation and making management decisions relating to property. The common methods of computing depreciation require an estimation of service life, and some methods ma

The aim of this study was to investigate the legally-designated malodorous compounds at the plant boundary areas of 5 plants expected to emit high odor intensities, as well as! complaint area at the Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex in Korea. The sampling was carried out during spring and summer of 2003 and 2006. The concentrations of ammonia, sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide) and aldehydes (acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde) emitted during 2006 were higher than those emitted during 2003, and the concentrations emitted during summer were higher than those emitted during spring at the plant boundary areas. It was thought that the concentrations of odorants in the complaint area had been directly influenced by the concentrations of odorants in the plant boundary areas as they showed similar patterns of concentration variations. While the concentration of TMA during 2006 was lower than during 2003 at the all sampling sites, the concentration of styrene during 2006 was higher than during 2003 at the all sampling sites. The sites showed high concentrationsof odorous compounds at the plant boundary area of the related chemical and petrochemical refinery plants.

분리막을 이용한 투과증발공정은 에너지 소모가 적고 설치비와 운영비면에서 우수한 효과를 볼 수 있기 때문에 증류공정을 대신할 수 있는 공정으로 주목받고 있다. 특히 석유화학공정은 공정 중에 에너지 소모가 크고, 많은 화합물들이 공비혼합물을 이루고, 새로운 공정을 설치하기 위해서는 작은 공간을 필요로 하기 때문에 투과증발공정은 증류공정을 대체할 수 있는 매우 유력한 후보이다. 벤젠/시클로헥산을 포함하는 방향족 화합물의 분리, 올레핀/파라핀 분리, 자일렌 이성질체의 분리, 반응성 단량체의 회수, 가솔린으로부터 황 화합물의 제거 등에 투과증발공정을 응용하는 많은 연구가 이루어졌으며, 상용화가 되고 있다.

This research was performed with the subject of 111 offices in a chemical plant of Korea. Airborne concentration level of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and total suspended particulates in the office rooms were measured along with temperature and relative humidity. Simultaneously, general characteristics and subjective health symptoms of 500 office workers were investigated through a questionnaire consisting of the five point weighting method : 0 = not at all, 1 = a little bit, 2 = moderately, 3 = quite a bit and 4 = extremely. Results showed that the mean values for temperature and relative humidity in investigated office rooms were 22.2℃ and 34.3%, respectively. The concentrations of formaldehyde, PM10, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were 0.17 ppb, 28.8 ㎍/㎥, 0.95 ppm and 424 ppm, respectively. 56.4% of all the workers investigated replied with a sense of fatigue or weariness (mean=2.23), drowsiness or languidness (mean=2.22), sneezing (mean=2.11) and ophthalmia oreye fatigue (mean=2.07). Female workers, non-smokers, non-drinkers, workers who do shift more than nine hours a day, and workers in poor health experienced more subjective symptoms than other workers (p<0.05). Subjective symptoms of office workers were significantly associated with the following items of office characteristics: the purchase date of office equipment, the change of office furniture, the use of paint, smoking in the office, ventilation condition, the use of an individual air-conditioner, the use of a fax machine, the degree of office repair, the proportion of workers per office, the degree of satisfaction in office environment, and the operation hours of the air-conditioner. Also, subjective symptoms were positively correlated with indoor environmental factors such as relative humidity, carbon dioxide level, level of PM10, and formaldehyde (p<0.05). In conclusion, office characteristics and air quality in a chemical plant affected subjective health symptoms of office workers. Thus, in order to improve the health of workers, to enhance work efficiency, and to establish a better office environment, air quality control in office rooms by optimal ventilation, adequately occupied number of workers in one office, and maintenance of office equipment should be fulfilled thoroughly. keywords：Air quality, Subjective health symptom, Formaldehyde, PM10, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide

After conducting an investigation of a specific workplace, 372 labor workers, who are employed at a certain domestic petrochemical company valve operating and maintenance processing section, were personally questioned about specific work-related ailments. According to the results, 57% of workers who were working in the petrochemical industry have suffered from pain-related musculoskeletal disorders in, at least, more than 1 body part. Specifically, there are more than 28% of workers suffering from pain in more than two body parts. Among the total work population, 18.8 % of workers are assumed to have a high probability of being diagnosed with musculoskeletal disorder. Also, according to the RULA checklist which evaluates environmental improvement conditions of the workplace, 76.7% of workplaces among the inspected areas have high hazardous work factors that are related to musculoskeletal disorder and needs to be improved upon and observed right away or in the foreseeable future. The prior factor has a high correlation and pain rate which is due to an improper work posture. Originally, this improper work posture is caused mostly by ergonomically incorrect facility design. Furthermore, the structure of the workplace does not consider the worker's individual build.

This study estimated the emission characteristics of odorous volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) from major 7 emission facilities by industrial classification in Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex. This study investigated terminal emission facilities (Inlet and outlet) in the industrial plant area, the plant boundary area and Samil-dong which has many civil appeal for an offensive odor to grasp VOCs concentration in ambient air of the plant boundary area and civil appeal area from May, 2002 to December, 2004, besides. VOCs were sampled 6 L using silicocan canisters and toluene, xylene and styrene which are known as odorous VOCs were analyzed by cryogenic preconcentration system and GC/MS. The removal efficiency of emission facilities in the industrial plant area for odor showed 96.5% of wet scrubber, 89.5% of RTO and 86.0% of RCO. The concentration of odorous VOCs at the plant limits area in 2003 were higher than 2002. The reason was guessed that toluene of high concentration emitted from terminal emission facilities in the industrial plant area influenced on ambient air at the plant boundary area. The concentration of odorous VOCs in ambient air at Samil-dong were decreasing from 1995 to 2001, but the concentration of toluene sharply increased from 2002. The reason was presumed that VOCs emission increased due to expansion of Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex and removal efficiency of terminal emission facilities dropped due to outworn equipments for VOCs prevent.

세계의 주요 자원중 하나인 원유는 산업의 가장 기초적인 부분을 담당하고 있으며 원유를 통하여 많은 액체화물이 생산되고 있다. 석유화학단지들은 인근의 항만을 통해 원유를 수입후 정제를 통해 석유정제품, 화학생산공업품 등을 생산한다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 주요 석유화학단지와 인근에 위치한 액체화물 항만 간의 관계를 확인하고자 울산항, 대산항, 여수광양항을 선정하였다. 항만물동량 시계열 데이 터를 이용한 분석을 실시하였으며 VAR 모형을 이용하였다. 이를 수행하기 위해 단위근 검정을 실시했으며 Granger 및 Toda-Yamamoto 인과 검정을 통하여 관계를 확인하였다.

본 연구는 원유로부터 정제된 파라자일렌(Para Xylene)을 원료로 테레프탈산(TPA: Terephthalic acid)을 생산하는 공정에서 배출되는 저순도 테레프탈산 잔사인 CTA(Crude Terephthalic acid)의 악취저감을 위한 저감제 개발과 유기성슬러지의 고형연료 활용 방안에 관하여 연구하였다. TPA 석유화학 공정에서 발생되는 TPA 슬러지의 발생량은 0.3~0.4%/kg이며, 슬러지는 보관 또는 운송, 소각 과정에서 끊임없이 악취를 발생시키며 대기환경에도 많은 영향을 끼친다. 이러한 악취로 인해 고효율의 열량을 가졌음에도 화력발전소의 연료로 이용하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 악취저감제는 탄소수가 많은 고지방산과 비이온계면활성제 등을 일정 조성비로 혼합하여 실험하였고, fatty acid 15~30, mono fatty acid 20~35, linolenic acid 20~35, oleic acid 20~25, palmitic acid 5~10, non0ionic surface active agent 5~7% 구성성분 조성비를 갖는다. TPA 유기성 슬러지를 고형연료로 활용하기 위해 고형연료 품질시험에 따른 전 망목에 대해 실험하였다. 고형연료 샘플 500g을 기준으로 TPA 슬러지와 TPA 슬러지에 애쉬 10%를 첨가한 시료 각 두 종류에 대하여 실험한 결과 저위발열량 기준 3,960과 3,540 kcal/kg으로 각각 나타나 고형연료제품 품질기준 3,500 kcal/kg 이상을 만족하여 활용가치가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 염소 0.03%, 황분･수은･카드늄･납･비소･안티몬 불검출, 크롬 45.4mg/kg, 코발트 5,400 mg/kg, 구리 145 mg/kg, 망간 1,300 mg/kg, 니켈 44.4 mg/kg, 탈륨･바나듐 불검출로 나타났다. 악취저감을 위한 pilot-plant는 그림 1과 같이 구성하여 실험하였고, 악취저감제는 0~25% 슬러지 중량비로 주입하여 처리특성을 조사였다.

석유화학, 발전 플랜트와 같이 대단위 면적에 대해서 효율적인 비용으로 고위험 시설물 및 설비에 대한 지속적인 모니터링을 위해 서는 무선통신기술에 대한 요구가 증가되고 있다. 그러나 현재의 지그비(Zigbee), 블루투스(Bluetooth) 와 같은 USN기술은 신뢰성 및 보안성 이 취약하여 대규모 플랜트 환경에 적용이 불가하다. 따라서 플랜트 현장에 무선기술을 도입하기 위해서는 ISA(International Society of Automation)과 같은 공신력 있는 표준화 기구에서 제안한 새로운 무선 표준기술의 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 무선 트랜스미터 기반의 석 유화학 플랜트 안전관리 시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 ISA100.11a 통신모듈 및 LTE 통신모듈을 탑재한 방폭형 무선 트랜스미터를 개발하 였다. 그리고 개발 된 무선트랜스미터를 기반으로 IoT기술을 적용한 석유화학 플랜트 안전관리 시스템을 구축하였다.개발된 시스템은 다양한 방법의 테스트 및 테스트베드 구축을 통해 현장적용성을 검증하였다.

This objectives of research are to figure out combustion characteristics with increasing temperature with petrochemical sludge by adding wasted organic matters which are waste electric wire, anthracite coal and sawdust, and to exam heating value and ignition temperature for using refused derived fuels(RDFs). After analyzing TGA/DTG, petrochemical sludge shows a rapid weight reduction by vaporing of inner moisture after 170℃. Gross weight reduction rate, ignition temperature and combustion rates represent 68.6%, 221.9℃ and 54.1%, respectively. In order to assess the validity of the RDFs, the petrochemical sludge by adding wasted organic matters which are waste electric wire, anthracite coal and waste sawdust. The materials are mixed with 7:3(petrochemical sludge : organic matters)(wt%), and it analyzes after below 10% of moisture content. The ignition temperatures and combustion rates of the waste electric wire, anthracite coal and waste sawdust are 410. 6℃, 596.1℃ and 284.1℃, and 85.6%, 30.7% and 88.8% respectively. In heating values, petrochemical sludge is 3,600 kcal/kg. And the heating values of mixed sludge (adding 30% of the waste electric wire, anthracite coal and waste sawdust) each increase up to 4,600 kcal/kg, 4,100 kcal/kg and 4,300 kcal/kg. It improves the ignition temperatures and combustion rates by mixing petrochemical sludge and organic matters. It is considered that the production of RDFs is sufficiently possible by using of petrochemical sludge by mixing wasted organic matters.

우리나라 석유화학 산업은 1960년 정부 주도로 본격적으로 건설되기 시작되었다. 이후 1970년대 중화학공업 육성정책으로 지속적인 발전을 하여왔다. 그러나 석유화학산업은 다양한 종류의 공정과 물질이 대량으로 존재하여 그 잠재위험성이 크며, 사고의 발생형태가 화재, 폭발 또는 독성물질의 누출로써 사고가 발생할 경우 인적·물적 손실과 함께 환경에 막대한 영향을 미친다 하겠다. 이에 본 연구에서는 각종 사고사례와 통계를 여러 가지 측면으로 위험성을 분석해 봄으로써 울산 석유화학공단의 화재위험성으로부터 손실의 최소화 할 수 있는 방안을 연구해 보았다.