송전철탑의 심형기초 시공 시 안전확보가 매우 중요한데, 무거운 철근을 취급하는 작업자의 중대 재 해 위험이 크고 실제로 심형기초를 위한 철근공 작업자들의 사고가 끊이질 않는 실정이다. GFRP는 철근 이상의 인장강도를 갖도록 제작이 가능하고, 철근에 비해 무게가 가벼워 취급이 용이하며 시공 편이성이 높다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 철근을 대체하여 GFRP를 보강근으로 활용한 심 형 기초의 구조설계에 대해 다루었다. 국내 송전철탑 설계기준(가공송전선용 철탑기초 설계기준, DS-1110, 한국전력) 및 ACI440.1R-06 설계기준을 참고하여 GFRP 보강근이 적용된 심형 기초의 구 조검토를 수행하여 GFRP 보강근의 적용성을 검토하였다. 송전철탑의 심형 기초 단면에는 휨모멘트와 축력이 동시에 작용하며 심형기초의 주체부 및 구체부 특성에 따라 축력에 의한 편심모멘트가 추가로 작용한다. 이에 따라 설계 검토는 휨 및 축력이 동시에 작용하는 경우에 대해 수행되었다. 국내 기준 (DS-1110)의 구조검토는 허용응력설계법의 형식을 취하므로 축력과 휨모멘트에 의한 최대응력을 산 정하여 허용응력과 비교하였고, 강도설계법을 통한 구조검토는 보강된 단면의 P-M 상관도를 작도하 여 휨모멘트 및 축력이 동시에 작용하는 경우 구조 안전성 확보 유무를 판단하여 GFRP 보강재를 배 근한 단면의 설계적정성을 판단하였다.

심린 길은 싱가포르 태생으로 어린 시절 다양한 국가로 이주하며 성장하였다. <숲>은 그와 같은 길의 자전적 경험이 반영된 사진 작품이다. 길은 싱가포르와 말레 이시아에 있는 열대 숲의 식물들에 텍스트가 인쇄된 종이를 삽입한 후 16점의 흑백 사진을 촬영하여 <숲>을 구성하였다. 열대 식물에 이식된 종이 텍스트들은 그곳의 기후와 환경에 따라 식물과 함께 자라나거나 부패하는 등의 과정을 겪는다. 즉 낯선 장소로의 이식과 적응의 과정 거치는 것이다. 특히 <숲>이 제작된 장소와 길이 이용 한 종이 텍스트들은 과거 식민주의적 이주의 역사와 깊이 관련된 요소들이었다. 길은 이와 같은 <숲>을 통해 이주민으로서의 자신의 정체성뿐 아니라 식민주의적 이주가 이루어졌던 장소들의 의미 변화 과정을 이야기한다.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 운동심상 훈련이 심폐 기능에 미치는 효과를 확인하는 것이다. 방법: 본 연구는 20대 성인 남성 26명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 참가자는 각각 13명의 참가자를 고려하여 운동심상 훈련 군과 대조군으로 무작위로 할당되었다. 측정 방법으로는 트레드밀에서 심장부하 검사를 실시하였고, 최대산소섭취량, 운동 시간 및 회복 심박수를 측정하였다. 운동심상 훈련군은 일주일에 5번 운동심상 훈련을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 군 내 결과를 확인 하기 위하여 대응 t 검증을 하였고, 군간 비교를 위하여 독립 t검증을 실시하였다. 결과: 최대 산소 섭취량은 각 군의 전후 비교와 각 군 간의 비교에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 운동심상 훈련군은 대조군에 비해 운동시간에 유의한 변화가 있었다. 회복 심박수에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 운동심상 훈련군에서 최대산소섭취량 및 운동 시간을 개선하지만 회복 심박수에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 운동심상 훈련은 심폐 기능 강화를 위한 프로그램으로 고려할 가치가 있다

This paper is from the perspective of the modernity of the Cold War, examining and analyzing two works of Korean Chinese novels in the 1960s, “A different kind of feeling in my mind”(bie you yi fan zi wei zai xin tou） and “Yantai Story”(yan tai feng yun). Both of these two works show how Hanwha looked for self-coordinates in the changing times during the Cold War period. ‘What is the modernity’ is the dialectical issue in these novels. How do them reflect the issue from the social reality, transnational movement, utopian imagination? When modernity brings about changes in regional movement, cultural convergence, military technology, and economic activities, how do them imprint on the Korean Chinese? The overseas Chinese education policy that was born in response to the Cold War was not only a means for the regime to recruit overseas Chinese in the form of education subsidies, but also an opportunity for overseas Chinese to move across borders, engage in new trade patterns, and produce unique commodity cultures. On the other hand, when the war broke out, the confrontation between regimes became a fact. Korean Chinese learned the way of imagining China in popular novels and created an ideal utopia by this. Although it exists in the past time and space, it also embodies the helplessness of reality.

Non-face-to-face online education which suddenly began with COVID-19, was an opportunity to expand to university education sites. This study presents online classes based on the Tandem learning method as examples and examines the class operation, learning content, and learner satisfaction according to the actual type of flip learning classes and real-time video classes. By converting Tandem classes operated by B University in Busan into online classes, the existing e-Tandem classes were expanded using flip learning and ZOOM. The first Flip learning class allows self-directed learning, and the free form of learning through pre-learning becomes an advantage of the online class type. However, while professors participate in the small conference room and feedback, there is a need to be supplemented with the ability to feedback directly to other teams. Furthermore, as a result of the learner satisfaction survey, there were complaints about prior learning and the amount of tasks, so studies on specific tasks and the content and methods of prior learning are also needed. The second real-time video class allows interaction between professors and learners, learners and learners. The biggest feature of this class type is that it can solve the absence of communication, which was a disadvantage of non-face-to-face classes. However, the ability of a professor is needed to conduct a real-time video class like this. Unlike learners who are familiar with digital technology, only when they understand and learn various online content and functions will their online classes become as natural as face-to-face classes.

Metal bodies have generally been produced through machining process, even the smallest parts that are assembled and mounted on the metal body. In this study, we will study the process of manufacturing parts called SIM Tray through compound forging process instead of cutting. The process of replacing a series of SIM Tray production process with a composite forging process by simulating the forming process using DEFORM-3D and making process design, mold design, mold fabricating.

The purpose of this research was to revive the bathochromic effects of wool fabrics by using natural dyestuffs with minimum heavy metallic mordants. The natural dyestuffs used in this research were the indigo plant, Phellodendron amurense, and Caesalpinia sappan. Sample no. 1 was pre-dyed five times with indigo. Sample no. 2 was pre-dyed five times with indigo and then once dyed with Phellodendron amurense. Following the same method as sample no. 2 with an additional Phellodendron, Sample no. 3 consisted of a pre-dye five times with indigo and twice with Phellodendron amurense. Sample no. 4 was pre-dyed six times with indigo and then once dyed with Caesalpinia sappan. Sample no. 5 followed the same method as no. 4 with an additional dye of Caesalpinia sappan. Sample no. 6 was pre-dyed five times with indigo and then once dyed with Phellodendron amurense and once dyed with Caesalpinia sappan. The results were as follows: first, all samples showed deeper colors. Second, according to the results of the surface K/S measurement, the surface K/S of wool fabrics was >20. Third, the results of lightfastness measurement showed superiority over grade 4 in samples no. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. However, sample no. 4 was grade 3. In the colorfastness to washing measurement, sample no. 2 showed greater superiority than grade 3—4, while samples no. 1 and 3 were grade 3. In addition, the colorfastness to dry cleaning for all samples was satisfactory or excellent by more than grade 3.

As part of research on the Chinese subjective decrement markers, this study is aimed at analyzing the combinatorial aspect and semantic characteristic of them through a synchronic and diachronic research especially into ‘不怎么’ and ‘不那么’, both of which are of profound significance for expressions denoting the subjective decrement. By means of doing so, the work seeks to understand the background, and further to clarify the grammaticalization process whereby they are used as markers showing the subjective decrement. “Quantity is an important category with which humans perceive, understand and make expressions of the world”, and “the quantitative category of the linguistic world is divided into objective quantity and subjective one”. The subjective quantity is defined as that which comes to have subjectivity due to the speaker's subjective evaluation of the objective quantity, and is usually divided into large and small one. Research related to the subjective quantity has attracted the attention of many scholars and there have been remarkable achievements made with regard to it even in Chinese language studies. However, there has been a limitation, on the other hand, that most of the studies have focused only on the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of expressions denoting the large subjective quantity and small one. What needs to be paid attention to, in this respect, is that the Chinese language also has expressions for the subjective decrement such as ‘不怎么’ and ‘不那么’ in addition to those for the large and small subjective quantity. For all that, few researchers have observed and analyzed them from the perspective of the subjective quantity. For such a reason, this study considers ‘不怎么’ and ‘不那么’ to be the subjective decrement markers most of all, analyzing the combinatorial aspect and semantic characteristic of and the difference between them through a synchronic research. Then, another analysis of their degrees of lexicalization is conducted through a diachronic research into their semantic expansions and frequency increases based on the examination of their periodic examples. The work, in the last analysis, deduces their grammaticalization processes along with the background analysis of how meanings of the subjective decrement have come to be generated in them despite the fact that they have not in other interrogatives or demonstratives.

This research examines the Ấu học ngũ ngôn thi (幼學五言詩: Pentasyllabic Poetry for Primary Learning) written in Sinographs and Nôm script in Vietnam as a case study of the textbooks in pre-20th century primary education. This paper claims, based on Chinese-origined East Asian Sinological primers of the Shentong Shi (神童詩: Progidy Poetry), the Xunmeng Youxue Shi (訓蒙幼學詩 Initial Teaching Poetry for Primary Learning) and the Zhuangyuan Shi (狀元詩: Poetry for the First-ranked Metropolitan Laureate), a certain Vietnamese scholar reconstructed and rewrote these textbooks to become a new textbook of Vietnam with several newly-composed poems. The new textbook was translated from Literary Sinitic into Vietnamese in both prose and poetry, to adapt to the educational context of two languages (Chinese and Vietnamese) and two scripts (Sinographs and Nôm script) in Vietnam. This reconstruction and translation, on one hand, made Vietnamese primary education integrate with the Sinosphere in East Asia, on the other hand defined Vietnamese own characteristics via the localization of this textbook’s formation, language, and script.

원자력이용시설에서 유출된 방사성 오염물질은 지표수나 지하수의 유동에 따라 이동할 수 있다. 이 중에 지표수에 의해 이동하는 오염물질은 비교적 감시가 용이하지만, 지하수를 따라 이동하는 오염물질은 대상 매질에서의 지하수흐름에 대한 정보를 알아야 하므로 감시가 매우 어렵다. 그러므로 지하수에 의한 오염물질의 이동을 규명하기 위해서 지질환경의 특성화가 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 연구부지에 건설된 가상의 원자력이용시설에 대한 감시공의 위치를 결정하고, 감시공에서의 심도별 감시 구간을 선정하는 방법론을 제안하였다. 감시공의 위치를 결정하기 위해 지하수유동 모델링을 수행하였고, 그 결과 지하수 흐름의 하류 지역에 감시공의 위치를 선정하였으며, 감시공에서 수행한 현장조사 결과를 바탕으로 비교적 지하수의 흐름이 빠른 구간을 대상으로 감시 구간을 선정하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 모니터링 방법론은 국내 원자력 발전소를 포함한 원자력이용시설 뿐만 아니라, 유류비축시설의 오염물질, 농업 관련 지하수 오염의 감시 등 다양한 분야에서 잠재적으로 지하수에 유입될 수 있는 오염물질을 조기 감시하는 데에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

The aim of the study was to set up assessment indicators for early elimination of horses that are not trainable or low efficient for training by comparing difference of behavioral response and heart rate on stimulation of desensitization training in horses. The animals used in this study were 8 untrained cross-bred horses (Thoroughbred and Jeju-horse) in Jeju island. Changes of heart rates and behavioral response of each horses were compared before and after desensitization training using a plastic bag on its tip. The result showed that the horses with their severe behavioral response were also high in heart rate during early stage of desensitization training, and the increased heart rates were recovered back to the base level according to the process of the training. The horses that quickly recovered in heart rate also showed same tendency in behavioral response. The horses that their recovery in heart rate and behavioral response in early stage of the desensitization training were late, showed insufficient results of the additional desensitization training. We conclude that assessment of heart rate and behavioral response in the early stage of desensitization training could be used as indicators to predict the effectiveness of desensitization or other kinds of training in horses.

Among the three elements of the story ― character, plot, and setting, the character matters the most. W. H. Hudson argues that technically the success of a work is due to the depiction of characters. In the recreation of Chunxiang, Jin Renshun deconstructed and reshaped the Korean classical work ― “the story of Chunxiang”, changing the figures of the work greatly by adding new characters, remaking the mother of Chunxiang. In doing so, the classical work is rich in new vitality and the air of new era. The writer has ever said: “There are no new things under the sun. Times and regions may be different, but the humanity is always the same.” Neglecting the historical background and feudal patriarchy, in a conceived Utopian Champs, the writer wrote the stories of one or more women from the perspective of humanity. She narrated the Chinese reflections on life in the tongue of the Korean classic, and brought about the exotic culture to Chinese contemporary literature. In “the story of Chunxiang”, as a custodian, Yuemei who was regarded as a minor character, decided the identity of Chunxiang, while she made an contrast to the noble “Chunxiang”. However, in the novel Chunxiang, the snobbish Yuemei was turned into another major character, an elegant and plump Mrs. Xiang, and saved Chunxiang at the critical moment. The best way of appreciating a work is analyzing the characters. The characters and the theme are closely related, and the characters are the core of the whole story, which have great influence on the work. There no telling of the story without characters. “Chunxiang”, the first Korean work accepted by Chinese, did a lot of contribution to the intercommunication between Chinese and South Korean literature. Facing such valuable work, we should spend time on the study of the characters in order to grasp the main ideas that the writer wants to convey. Regretfully, there is only on article focusing on the study of this work. This paper tries to make a contrastive study of the mother of Chunxiang in “Chunxiang” by Jin Renshun and the classic “the story of Chunxiang”, aiming at digging into the modern ideological connotation through character analysis.

목적: 본 연구는 투명 콘택트렌즈와 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈를 각각 착용하여 원·근거리에서 시력을 측정하였을 때 가입도가 처방된 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈가 양안시기능에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자 하였다. 방법: 전신질환이 없고 양안시이상에 문제가 없으며 난시량이 –1.00D 이하인 남·여 15명( 평균연령 21.6±1.5세)을 대상하였다. 자각식굴절검사를 통해 완전교정 상태를 검출하여 일반콘택트렌즈와 멀티포컬콘택트렌즈를 각각 착용시킨 상태와 수정된 모노비전 방법으로 착용시킨 상태로 구분하여 각각 원거리 3m에서 세막대심도지각계를 이용한 심시력 검사와 근거리 40cm에서 입체시(titumus fly) 검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 일반콘택트렌즈를 착용한 상태에서 근거리 입체시력은 79.8±47.5sec이었고 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈 착용 시 입체시력은 82.8±48.9sec이었으며 수정된 모노비전 착용 시 입체시력은 78.3±36.4sec로 멀티포컬콘택트렌즈 착용 시 입체시력이 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 심시력은 일반콘택트렌즈에서 9.58±4.67sec, 멀티포컬콘택트렌즈에서 19.9±12.72sec, 수정된 모노비전에서 6.45±6.32sec로 멀티포컬콘택트렌즈를 착용하였을 때 심시력이 저하된 것 을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 일반콘택트렌즈를 착용하였을 때보다 멀티포컬콘택트렌즈를 착용하였을 때 심시력과 입체시력이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

디지털 매체의 사용이 확산되면서 이러한 매체의 최대 사용자인 청소년들이 유해매체물에 노 출되는 빈도도 급증하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 현행 청소년 유해매체물 규제 제도에 대해 유해매체물 심의 기준을 중심으로 비판적으로 검토하였다. 현행 청소년유해매체물 심의 기 준에 의하면, 음란한 자태를 지나치게 묘사한 것, 성행위에 대해 그 방법 등을 지나치게 묘사한 것, 청소년 대상으로 성행위를 조장하는 등 성 윤리를 왜곡시키는 내용 등을 담은 매체들은 청소 년에게 유해한 매체물로 규제하고 있다. 그러나, 규제되지 않은 매체물도 많으며 또는 이와 유사 한 매체물들은 디지털 매체를 통해 여전히 활발하게 전파되고 있다. 나아가 때로는 동법에서 보 호하는 청소년이 이러한 매체물들을 직접 생산⋅전파하는 역할을 하는 경우가 빈번한 현상을 볼 때, 보다 실질적인 규제 방안이 필요하다고 할 것이다. 그 방안으로서, 청소년 유해성의 개념을 명확히 설정할 필요가 있으며, 청소년의 인권을 존중하는 범위 내에서 청소년의 보호가 어떠한 의미인지에 대해 현 시대에 적합하게 정립할 필요가 있다고 하였다. 또한 법적인 규제와 자율 규제를 조화롭게 운영하여 보다 실효성있는 규제 체계를 정립할 필요성을 제안하였다. 그리고 이 모든 것은 보다 명확한 심의 기준을 바탕으로 달성될 수 있다는 점을 강조하였다.

본 연구는 목초액 침지처리 활엽수의 심·변재 구분에 따른 내후성 효과를 평가하기 위하여 실시하였 다. 졸참나무, 구실잣밤나무, 백합나무를 심재와 변재로 구분한 시험편을 목초액에 96시간 동안 침지시 킨 후 백색 부후균을 사용하여 활엽수 심재와 변재의 내후성을 조사하였다. 침지처리 후 모든 조건에서 목재의 중량과 밀도가 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 부후처리 후 목초액 침지처리를 한 시험편에 서 낮은 중량감소율이 나타났다. 수종별 비교에서 구실잣밤나무의 침지처리 심재에서 가장 낮은 중량감 소가 나타났다. 목초액을 이용한 침지처리법은 백색 부후균에 의한 목재의 부후저항을 효과적으로 증가 시켰다.

Chinese often use some pronouns as Exclamatives tone markers, such as "zhe" "Na" "zheme" "name" "Shenme", and they can be noun phrases, adjective and verb phrases constitute a minority of some commonly used exclamation structure, these exclamation structure have different features. The author intends to syntactic structure, semantic features and pragmatic aspects of a preliminary study on them. The adverb marked exclamatory sentence features: first, if the adverb in the exclamatory sentences, then the sentence is generally exclamation exclamatory center adjectives, state adjectives cannot be used in exclamatory sentence; second, adverb as a marker of exclamatory sentence semantics is expressed according to the speaker's subjective standard, objectivity weak. This kind of Exclamatives objective level is relatively low, the subjective color is very obvious, this type of exclamatory sentence is judged from the speaker's subjective standard, objective understanding and others are not consistent. The characteristics of exclamatory sentences marked by pronouns are as follows: first, when the "Ni" "zhe" and the noun predicate constitute an exclamatory sentence, the way of expressing feelings is negative. General ellipsis. "Ni" "zhe" after the addition of nominal predicate exclamatory sentences can only use the second person pronouns. But behind the plus noun predicate, second person or third person can use; second, "Shenme" "hedeng" "zenme" "Zenyang" "duoshao" interrogative pronouns in exclamatory sentences are used to represent the exclamatory mood, then you no longer have the pronoun itself with the interrogative mood.

The Hwasan wetland vegetation is observed at mountain basin (644~780 m a.s.l.) where had become a potential land for indigenous people since prehistoric period. We phytosociologically investigated old-growth alder (Alnus japonica) forests using the Zürich-Montpellier School’s method and analyzed their spatial distribution pattern by actual vegetation map. Species performance was determined by using coverage and r-NCD. Viburnum opulus var. calvescens-Alnus japonica community syntaxonomically belonging to the Alnetea japonicae was first described and composed of three subunits: Salix koreensis subcommunity, typical subcommunity, and Pyrus ussuriensis subcommunity. Present plant community was compared with vicariant syntaxa such as Molinia japonica-Alnus japonica community, Rhamno nipponicae-Alnetum japonicae, and Aceri-Salicetum koreensis. Hwasan’s alder forest, an alluvial terrace vegetation type on valley fan in the montane zone, is evaluated as vegetation class [I], which is a sort of benchmark plant community potentially on mountain wetlands in southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Simultaneously we suggested an establishment of the national strategy for habitat conservation free from hydrologically radical transform due to military utilization.