This study was conducted to analyze geminate consonant errors(안에 [an.ɛ] → *안네[an.nɛ]) produced by Chinese learners during their acquisition of Korean linking sounds within the framework of Optimality Theory. The study was further intended to find possible constraints and causes applicable to the error. This paper argues that this error results from the interplay of the Align-R constraint, where the boundaries of a morpheme and syllable are aligned in the learner’s mother tongue, and the onset constraint, which is required for CV, a universal linguistic syllable. This study identifies the cause of the geminate consonant errors among Chinese leaners as the consequence of the simultaneous influences of interference from the learners’ native language and of linking sounds, which occur universally in linguistics.

Este trabajo analiza los errores debidos a la interferencia coreana al escribir/traducir al español. Sostenemos que, cuando los alumnos ingresan una vez en la memoria una forma española α que corresponde preferentemente a una forma coreana A, tienden a equiparar esta correspondencia como ‘A = α’ y la aplican a los casos en los que dicha correspondencia no debería usarse. Para averiguar cuántos alumnos cometen este tipo de error, realizamos un experimento con 42 alumnos. En el experimento, dividimos las oraciones en dos grupos. Las oraciones que pueden producir un resultado apropiado se colocaron en el grupo A si usamos la correspondencia ‘A → α’, mientras que las que pueden producir un resultado inapropiado se ubicaron en el grupo B si lo hacemos. Nuestro análisis mostró que el error más común del grupo B es reutilizar la correspondencia utilizada en el grupo A. Por lo tanto, los estudiantes necesitan evitar una “ecuación excesiva” para reducir errores. Finalmente, para cada oración, sugerimos formas de reducir o evitar errores.

The present study attempts to analyze and classify errors in translations of Korean Mongolian language learners and to suggest educational implications based on the error analysis. Korea and Mongolia have had an established relationship since 1990 and held exchanges in various fields for a short period of time, and as a result the demand for professional translation is increasing. To meet this demand, undergraduate schools also require educational programs for professional translators, yet it is difficult to find any research or studies about the issue. In this study, Mongolian texts translated by Korean Mongolian learners were collected and analyzed, and the errors were classified into 1) grammar related errors, 2) translation skill related errors, and 3) meaning related errors. Based on the analysis, the following implications can be presented. First, it is necessary for students to recognize the differences between the use of punctuation marks in the two languages and to learn how those them appropriately in the target language. Second, there is the issue of transcribing Mongolian into Korean. Although precise common rules for transcribing have not yet been established, teachers should suggest a consistent transcription guide. Third, since many errors related to the source language appear, it is necessary to avoid literal translations and complete the translation suitable for the target language. Finally, students need to be exposed to various types of texts and practice the style of writing that fits to the text.

The purpose of this study is to examine phonetically if the spelling errors produced by foreign Korean learners are related to learners’ pronunciation by analyzing the pronunciation of plain, tense, and aspiration sounds of foreign Korean learners using a Praat. A statistical analysis was performed on the listening, reading, and writing data produced by 18 foreign university students at the beginner level. The results are summarized as follows. First, foreign Korean learners accounted for the majority of errors in plain and aspiration sound among initial obstruent words. This can be interpreted as an extremely strong or very weak pronunciation of the word, because learners do not properly recognize the intensity of range in plain sounds. Second, the more accurate the learner’s perception was, the more accurate production can be made. Statistically, it was found that the production rate increased by 0.178 each time the perception rate increased by 1. Therefore, the correlation between perception and production is established. Third, the relationship between pronunciation and spelling is a relationship that increases by 0.652 each time the pronunciation increases by 1. It can be explained that there is a possibility that the learner may often write words as they pronounce them.

본고는 『베트남의 중국어 학습자들의 개사 말뭉치(코퍼스)』 (2018년판)를 토대로 초급 중국어 수준의 베트남 학습자들의 지속상 표지 ‘着’ 오류 현황을 고찰한다. 연구를 통해 학습자들의 오류가 ‘첨가’, ‘혼동’, ‘(필요 성분의) 누락’ 이라는 세 유형으로 귀납됨을 알아냈다. 그 결과 ‘첨가’가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 그 다음이 ‘혼동’ 오류이며, ‘(필요 성분의) 누락’ 이 가장 낮은 비율을 차지하는 오류 유형을 알 수 있었다. 목적어 규칙의 지나친 일반화가 이러한 오류들 의 주요 원인이었다. 필자는 이를 기반으로 교학에 대한 몇 가지 의견을 제시하려고 한다.

There has been a significant decline in the number of rail accidents in Korea since system safety management activities were introduced. Nonetheless, analyzing and preventing human error-related accidents is still an important issue in railway industry. As a railway system is increasingly automated and intelligent, the mechanism and process of an accident occurrence are more and more complicated. It is now essential to consider a variety of factors and their intricate interactions in the analysis of rail accidents. However, it has proved that traditional accident models and methods based on a linear cause-effect relationship are inadequate to analyze and to assess accidents in complex systems such as railway systems. In order to supplement the limitations of traditional safety methods, recently some systemic safety models and methods have been developed. Of those, FRAM(Functional Resonance Analysis Method) has been recognized as one of the most useful methods for analyzing accidents in complex systems. It reflects the concepts of performance adjustment and performance variability in a system, which are fundamental to understanding the processes of an accident in complex systems. This study aims to apply FRAM to the analysis of a rail accident involving human errors, which occurred recently in South Korea. Through the application of FRAM, we found that it can be a useful alternative to traditional methods in the analysis and assessment of accidents in complex systems. In addition, it was also found that FRAM can help analysts understand the interactions between functional elements of a system in a systematic manner.

The purpose of this study is to analyze two greek prepositions (‘apo’ and ‘se’) and learners’ errors to suggest comprehensible instruction in general. To express spatial meaning, the Greek language uses almost exclusively combinations of local adverbs with prepositions, especially ‘apo’ and ‘se’, with certain case while the Korean language uses ‘adverbial particles’. The first investigation is to look into the meanings of greek prepositions, especially ‘apo’ and ‘se’ which are ‘primary’ prepositions in the Greek language. It is necessary to analyze how they are expressed in the Korean language due to set instructional direction to Korean learners. There are many adverbial particles which correspond with each meaning of two greek prepositions so that it is not that clear for Korean learners to understand scattered semantic category of each preposition. Subsequently we will analyze learners’ errors of their use of prepositions. The result shows that the learners are problematic to use ‘apo’ and ‘se’ properly. In some cases their use of the prepositions seems mixed up. It is important to know problematic points of greek prepositions ‘apo’ and ‘se’ to Korean learners to set some efficient instruction. At the conclusion, there are some suggestions on the effective teaching of greek prepositions ‘apo’ and ‘se’ especially in ‘complex prepositions’ using images and example sentences.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekeliruan yang terdapat dalam kamus bilingual bahasa Indonesia-Korea, mengingat kepentingan kamus bilingual dalam pendidikan bahasa asing. Secara lebih terperinci, penelitian ini secara mendalam menyelidiki ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea’ yang diterbitkan pada 2016 sebagai sebuah kamus yang dipandang representatif di antara kamus sejenis, berdasarkan anggapan bahwa penyusunan kamus bilingual pada dasarnya tidak berbeda dengan proses penerjemahan kamus monolingual/bilingual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa tipe kekeliruan dalam ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea,’ yaitu kekeliruan makna yang tidak tepat, kekeliruan makna yang tidak memadai, kekeliruan penggunaan kata yang tidak baku atau berasal dari bahasa Melayu, kekeliruan karena salah ketik, kekeliruan gramatikal, dan kekeliruan contoh penggunaan. Tambahan pula, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa kebanyakan kekeliruan tersebut diakibatkan oleh kekeliruan penerjemahan, khususnya dalam menerjemahkan nama flora, fauna, serta istilah. Lagi pula, terdapat banyak kekeliruan penerjemahan yang diakibatkan hanya oleh kelalaian dan kesembronoan penyusun kamus.

As a preliminary study for the effective development of a genre-focused English learner corpus, this article aims to investigate most frequent error types and their frequencies in English emails written by undergraduate freshmen in South Korea. Data for this study include English emails of 86 Korean students majoring in humanities or social science in a university located in Daegu. With the rise of Internet, ESL/EFL education has witnessed a growing interest in teaching email usage in composition courses, as it provides a variety of opportunities to evaluate language abilities including interpersonal and pragmatic abilities. The present article revealed that the most frequent error type was concerned with style, such as capitalization (28.7%) and punctuation (7.8%), which was followed by determiner deletion (6.3%), genre convention such as closing (3%), countability of nouns (3%), and verb choice (2.7%). Different error types and frequencies were identified according to different English proficiency levels (Korean SAT and TOEIC), which evidenced the need to include the English proficiency level annotation in the corpus design and to focus on different types of errors in class in accordance with learners’ proficiency levels.

사회과 교과서는 지도가 사용되는 빈도와 지도의 역할 정도에 따라 첫째, 지도가 학습 보조 자료로 일부 활용되는 일반 사회와 윤리 교과목, 둘째, 지도가 학습 대상의 위치나 영역에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위해 빈번히 활용되는 역사 교과목, 셋째, 지도가 교과 내용 전달의 주요요소가 되는 지리 교과목으로 구분할 수 있다. 이 중 지리학을 전공한 교사나 교수가 집필에 참여한 지리 관련 교과목은 대체로 지도를 지도학적 규칙에 맞추어 적절하게 제작하고 있으나 일반사회, 윤리, 역사 교과목은 적절한 지도데이터와 투영법을 사용하지 못함으로써 학생들에게 우리나라의 영역에 대한 왜곡된 위치 개념을 전달하는 경우가 많으며, 위치도가 없음으로 인해 지도에 나타난 지역의 위치를 파악할 수 없는 경우나 잘못된 지도 범례를 사용하는 경우도 많이 존재한다. 본 연구의 목적은 일반사회, 윤리, 역사 등 사회과 교과서의 지도 오류를 유형별로 분류하고, 교과서를 대상으로 각 과목의 교과서별 지도 오류를 분석하여 사회과 교과서의 지도 오류 현황을 파악하고, 교과서 지도의 오류 방지를 위한 제도적, 실천적 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 분석결과 사회과 교과서에 수록된 1,085개 지도 중 약 32.4%에 해당하는 352개 지도에서 오류가 발견되었다. 유형별로는 기하학적 오류가 20.8%로 가장 많고 다음으로는 삽입지도가 필요한 경우가 6.8%, 범례가 부적절한 경우가 4.8%였다. 이와 같은 사회과 교과서의 오류 방지를 위해서는 교과서 집필 및 검수과정에서의 제도적 절차에 대한 보완과 교과서용 지도 제작을 위한 표준지도 데이터베이스의 구축이 시급한 실정이다.

The aim of this study is to analyze error cases induced during the proficiency test of certified odor measurement agencies. In the case of the homogeneity test performed in three panel groups, the geometric mean dilution factor of the site boundary PTMs(proficiency testing materials) was 1.4 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.2, 1.8 ± 0.1 and that of the outlet PTMs was 3.7 ± 0.2, 3.7 ± 0.3, 3.7 ± 0.3, respectively. In the case of the stability test for 72 h, the geometric mean dilution factor of the site boundary PTMs was 1.6 ± 0.1 and that of the outlet PTMs was 3.6 ± 0.1. Among error cases induced during the proficiency test of certified odor measurement agencies, the proportion of error cases was in the order of case II(discontinuance of estimation)(40.0%) > case I(error on estimation procedure by panelist)(33.3%) > case III(miswriting of estimation result)(13.3%) > case IV(miswriting of dilution factor) and V(writing of wrong estimation result)(6.7%). Therefore, it seems likely that additional education related to error cases II and I is required.

【벼리】본 고는 한국어의 음운규칙중 동음화 규칙에 대해 대응이론 을 이용하여 이론적 분석을 시도하고 한국어 학습자들에게 음운규칙 에 대한 효과적 교수법을 제안하기 위한 자료를 얻기 위해 오류 실험 및 분석을 시도하고 교수내용을 제안하여 그에 대한 효과를 검증을 하고자 한다.

Occupational fatal injury rate per 10,000 population of Korea is still higher among the OECD member countries. To prevent fatal injuries, the causes of accidents including human error should be analyzed and then appropriate countermeasures should be established. There was an severe converter furnace accident resulting in five people death by chocking in 2013. Although the accident type of the furnace accident was suffocation, many safety problems were included before reaching the death of suffocation. If the safety problems are reviewed throughly, the alternative measures based on the review would be very useful in preventing similar accidents. In this study, we investigated the converter furnace accident by using human error analysis and accident scenario analysis. As a result, it was found that the accident was caused by some human errors, inappropriate task sequence and lack of control in coordinating work by several subordinating companies. From the review of this case, the followings are suggested: First, systematic human error analysis should be included in the investigation of fatal injury accidents. Second, multi man-machine accident scenario analyis is useful in most of coordinating work. Third, the more provision of information on system state will lessen human errors. Fourth, the coordinating control in safety should be performed in the work conducting by several different companies.

Because the damages of corrosion resulting from the chloride ion are very serious, many research studies have been performed to measure the penetration depth of the chloride ion. However, there is a problem with data selection obtained from collection during experiments. In this study, it appears that the collected data are not conformed to a normal distribution. The result of this study will play a very important role, as a first step for the development and construction of a forecasting system to help determine a reliable service lifetime of marine structures.

In recent years, accident induced by human error is increasing in the chemical plant. Human error analysis of the chemical plant was conducted on the basis of past accident. Some company called by A for the basis of a chemical accident. Factor analysis of human errors was separated in plant operation and work. Agency's work of occupational safety & health was classified into four types. It is based on the work before, during work, recovery work, and discontinue work. It was still separated work of human error by analysis and then was derived factor and issue. The human error factor and priority for accident prevention in the chemical plant is presented.

본 연구에서는 실제 원어민 언어 자료인 코퍼스에서 추출한 예시문을 가리키는 ‘콘코던스’와 ‘온라인 사전’의 활용이 쓰기 오류의 수정에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 중점적으로 살펴보며 코퍼스 분석 프로그램을 활용한 쓰기 오류 피드백 관리 방법을 제안하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 대표성 있는 표집을 통한 실증적인 통계 자료를 제시하기 보다는 소수의 실험 대상을 통하여 영어 쓰기 오류 지도 및 관리, 그리고 새로운 방식의 오류 피드백 방법에 대한 시사점을 이끌어 내는 데 초점을 두었다. 본 연구에 참여한 실험 대상은 서울 소재 A대학교의 1학년 학생 3명이다. 실험 대상 모두 비영어전공의 학생들로 교양영어 과목을 수강하고 있는 학생들이다. 3명 가운데 2명은 쓰기 능력에서 상위권으로 분류될 수 있는 학생들이며 나머지 1명의 학생은 중위권으로 볼 수 있는 학생이다. 3명 모두 장기간의 영어권 국가의 체류 경험은 없었다.본 연구에서는 실험 대상자로 하여금 동일한 주제에 대하여 A4 한 장 길이의 에세이를 작성하게 하였다. 이후 1주일 간격으로 두 차례 글을 수정하여 제출하게 하였다. 첫 번째 수정은 초안 작성과 마찬가지로 어떠한 참고자료나 피드백 없이 글을 수정하도록 요청하였고 두 번째 수정은 아래 그림과 같이 코퍼스 예시 샘플인 콘코던스와 온라인 사전의 참고가 가능한 Concord Writer v.3.3라는 프로그램을 활용하여 수정하게 하였다. 그 결과 기존 연구들과 마찬가지로 상위권 학생들에게서 콘코던스와 온라인 사전의 참고를 활용하여 에세이를 수정해 보는 것이 오류의 수를 줄이는데 보다 효과적이라는 점을 확인 할 수 있었다 본 연구에서는 코퍼스 프로그램을 통한 오류의 관리나 피드백이 보다 체계적인 교수학습의 방법을 소개함으로써 교육적인 시사점과 추후 연구에 대한 방향성을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 한국어와 아랍어의 모음의 (구어체 표준아랍어인 이집트 방언을 대조군으로 설정했다.) 대조를 바탕으로 학습자의 모음오류 원인과 유형을 분석하였다. 21개의 모음을 가진 한국어와 10개의 모음만을 표준발음을 인정하는 구어체 아랍어는 완벽한 대응 쌍을 이루기 어려웠다. 이런 이유로 인한 오류는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 모음 발음 중 /ㅓ/, /ㅜ/, /ㅗ/를 발음 하는데 정확한 구분을 두지 못했으며 이중모음이 없는 구어체 표준아랍어(이집트 방언)의 특성상 이중모음을 2개의 단모음으로 연이어 발음하는 오류가 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the errors concerning V-ing forms in Korean college freshmen’s English essays in order to provide some guidelines for teaching the forms effectively. The data for this study were retrieved from a learner corpus consisting of 815 essays written by Korean college freshmen. A total of 3,843 words were found in the form of V-ing, which were categorized according to their roles as follows: (a) present participles (1,235 tokens), (b) gerunds (2,591 tokens), and (c) unclear cases (17 tokens). Of the 3,843 forms of V-ing, a total of 292 tokens were classified as erroneous, 137 of which were participle-related errors and 138 gerundrelated errors. The most frequently occurring errors under the categories of present participles and gerunds were the use of a present particle without a main verb (64.2%) (e.g. I *looking for the meaning of the building’s name) and to-infinitive related errors (66.7%) (e.g. Therefore, we try to *changing our college’s image), respectively. Pedagogical suggestions based on the findings of the study are also provided at the end.

To verify the effect of driver's personal characteristics of driver on the accident frequency through railway accidents caused by human errors and the relationship with aptitude test. To prove the relevance between the driver's personal characteristics and human error accidents. Accident data from 2010 to 2011 was analyzed which collected from a train crew department in K national corporation, and 31 drivers gave an personal interview from Sep. 2011 to Nov. 2011 who had controlled a train alone and caused an accident. Compared between driver's personal characteristics and accident rate, and accident induction possibility surveyed from normal person and disqualified in aptitude tests. Accidents was occurred with the age 40s (27%) and 50s (25%), and with the experience between 15 years and 20 years (38%) and over 20 years (30%). Because more aged, more experienced, it can be seen in the correlation between driver's age and accidents induction caused by human errors like illusion. First of all it must be checked whether working conditions and environmental factors are human error-prone. Most accidents occur when received civil complaints or manager at the riding. Therefore accidents can be prevented when investigated through subsequent surveys how often human error happens, even though no accident, and safety device installed based on the error frequency.