The automotive industry continuously strives to enhance safety for both drivers and passengers through technological advancements. Car side impacts have the potential to significant risks to passengers, So the automotive industry has proposed various technological solutions. As part of these efforts, the development of side impact beams, which are affixed to the inner frame of vehicle side doors to absorb and dissipate collision energy, has been a safety enhancement. Conventional side impact beams are manufactured using hot-rolled steel sheets and have a pipe-like configuration. However, these impact beams are fixed to the vehicle's chassis, which directly transfers the energy generated during a collision to the chassis frame. This paper aims to address this issue by proposing the development and optimization of vehicle door impact beams using a dual-beam structure and fastening method, utilizing shear bolts. Moreover, the focus is on optimizing the cross-sectional shape of the dual-beam impact structure. The evaluation criterion for optimization is based on the second moment of area of the cross-section. To validate these improvements, Static experiments were conducted, comparing the proposed dual-beam structure with the traditional impact beam. This research is expected to serve as a guideline for enhancing vehicle safety through design directions and validation methods.

This study analyzed the duct characteristics of hubless rim-driven propeller (RDP) used in underwater robots. In the previous study, flow visualization experiments were performed with an advancing ratio of 0.2 to 1. The vortex at the front of the duct increased in strength while maintaining its size as the advancing ratio decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to study the optimization of the duct shape. Conventional propeller thrusters use acceleration/deceleration ducts to increase their efficiency. However, unlike conventional propellers, it is impossible to apply to airfoil acceleration/deceleration ducts due to the RDP structure. In this study, duct wake flow characteristics, thrust force, and efficiency according to the duct shape of RDP were analyzed using numerical analysis techniques. Duct design is limited and six duct shapes were designed. As a result, an optimized duct shape was designed considering duct wake flow characteristics, thrust force, and efficiency. The shape that the outlet width of the RDP was kept constant until the end of the duct showed higher thrust force and efficiency.

In this paper, a method of reducing the weight of vehicle wheels through topology optimization by finite element method is proposed. Recently, various environmental pollution caused by the operation of vehicles is gradually increasing, and this has a great correlation with the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Therefore, it is required to reduce the weight of the vehicle to increase fuel efficiency. Among them, the vehicle's wheels are a key part of vehicle acceleration and braking, and passenger safety. Because the shape of the wheels is different, various effects such as reduced fuel economy and reduced airpower occur as well as aesthetic factors. The stiffness of the wheels plays an important role in transmitting the vehicle's power to the tires and braking. In this study, to reduce weight while satisfying the stiffness value, we propose to use topology optimization to design an arbitrary shape according to the number of spokes on the wheel.

본 논문에서는 구조물의 좌굴 온도와 좌굴 형상을 제어하는 새로운 크기 최적화 방법에 대해서 소개한다. 구조적 안정성 관점에서 구조물의 좌굴 온도와 좌굴 형상을 예측하는 것은 중요한 주제 중 하나이다. 이를 공학적인 직관을 통해 예측하고 최적화된 구조 설계 를 하는 것은 너무나 어려운 과제이다. 이러한 한계점을 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 유한요소 시뮬레이션과 치수 최적 설계 방식의 조합을 제안한다. 구조물의 좌굴 온도와 좌굴 형상이 구조물의 두께에 영향을 받는다는 생각에서 착안해 설계 변수를 구조물의 노드 의 두께 값으로 설정했다. 좌굴 온도 값과 좌굴 형상을 목적 함수로 정해진 부피 값을 제약 조건으로 두었다. 치수 최적 설계를 통해 원 하는 좌굴 온도와 좌굴 형상을 유도하기 위한 최적의 두께 분포를 결정할 수 있다. 제안된 치수 최적 설계의 타당성은 본 논문의 다양 한 직사각형 복합 구조물 예제들을 사용해서 검증하였다.

Hydro-electric power is a method of generating electricity from the rotational force of turbine blades by using the potential energy of a river or reservoir water. Recently, the necessity of small hydropower development is expanding due to the development and support of renewable energy, and because of the difficulty and environmental problems of huge dams. The purpose of this paper is to deal with a method of increasing the efficiency of small water turbine that can be adopt in low head condition. In order to improve the turbine efficiency, channel shape is optimized in order to minimize head loss using computational fluid dynamics. The angle values for the contraction and enlargement part of the channel where the turbine is located are found from the analyses. Additionally, three-dimensional analysis is applied to the optimized channel shape in order to confirm the optimized pipe.

In this study, the shape optimization of the injector according to fuel and tip was conducted through analytical techniques. As an analysis condition, a flow rate of 0.08 kg / s was applied to the inlet and the outlet was given a condition of 0 Bar. The working fluid for each fuel was applied. As a result of the analysis, it can be seen that the pressure and velocity of model with the modified tip become higher than that of the base model in diesel. Compared with the base model in the case of gasoline, the modified model of the tip was found to have more stable injection when the pressure inside the combustion chamber and the straightness of the fuel were observed. Finally, in case of LPG injector, the same modified tip as gasoline was found to be the more stable injection. On the basis of this study result, the shape parameters of the injector can be inferred.

This study investigates the optimization of sectional shape with two dimensions on the rubber gasket of electric vehicle battery in order to maintain the airtightness and watertightness. For the section optimization, the shape of protruding section was analyzed as design variables and the design point was composed by the design of experiment(DOE) for the selected protruding shape. The uniaxial tensile test was carried out for the analysis of rubber gasket and five parameters of Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model were derived from the test data in order to construct the strain energy function for nonlinear behavior. The rubber gasket compression analysis was performed by using ANSYS of a commercial software and the performance of optimal shape was verified by performing the tests of watertightness and airtightness on the 3D rubber gasket with the derived section.

As the size of the wind turbine tower becomes larger and larger, research on assembled wind turbine tower that is advantageous for transportation and installation is continuing. Large wind turbine tower require door openings for maintenance. The opening of the tower has an irregular cross section, and an excessive stress is generated due to the door opening. The result is structural damage to the tower and many accidents. In this research, stress analysis was performed on a model with internal stiffener to prevent excessive stress. The stress was investigated around the openings where the tower was resonant and excessive stressed, and the shape of the openings was optimized. Through optimization, we confirmed that the maximum stress was reduced by about 6% with respect to the initial value.

Numerical analysis using k-ε model of unsteady state was performed to decide the optimal shape of power auxiliary apparatus in automotive engine. In order to obtain auxiliary electric power using coolant in automotive engine, shapes of 3 Types were compared. Furthermore to achieve the confidence of numerical analysis, the results of numerical analysis was compared with those of experiment. As the results, it showed that accuracy of numerical analysis was about 85~98%. Further the optimal shape, in this study, was Type-1, which had outer rounding R32.5, among 3 Types.

One-dimensional flux theory (1DFT) is conventionally used for design of secondary clarifier of wastewater treatment plant. However, the 1DFT cannot describe turbulence, density current, shape parameters of the clarifier. In this study, we optimized the configurations of influent guide baffle and effluent baffle through the simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its verification by particle image velocity (PIV) test. The energy dissipating inlet (EDI) without influent guide baffle (0°) showed the best efficiency for minimizing downward velocity under the center well of the clarifier. The lowest velocity distribution around the effluent weir region could be obtained with the McKinney baffle (EB-2). The performances of the influent and effluent baffles were clearly verified by PIV test results.

본 논문에서는 Pothead를 지지하는데 사용하는 지그의 고유진동수를 일정 범위로 제한하여 Pothead와 공진을 일으키지 않도록 하는 지그의 최적 설계안을 제시한다. 쿤 터커(Kuhn-Thucker) 조건을 적용한 최적기준법(Optimality criteria method)을 사용하여 위상 최적화를 수행하였고, 이 과정에서 유한요소 크기기 최적 형상에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 또한 위상 최적화 결과를 바탕으로 실험 계획법(Design of experiments)과 반응 표면법(Response surface method)을 사용하여 형상 및 치수 최적화를 수행하여 비교용 지그에 비해 전체 질량이 30% 감소되는 결과를 얻었다. 마지막으로 최적화된 지그의 내진 해석을 수행한 Pothead의 응답은 Metal Handbook에서 제시된 내진 응답을 만족하고 있다.

In order to find better performance of heat sink, in this research, different cases were analysed by changing number of slots and shape of fins. Round shape fins which have wide surface showed 24% better heat transfer rate than vertical fins. There were not big discrepancies between 1 slot and 2 slots fins. Consequently, for better performance of heat sink, developments for widening surface and better material for high heat transfer rate are needed.

대공간 스페이스 프레임 구조물은 구조물의 목적 및 설계자의 의도와 함께 다양한 형상으로 구성될 수 있으며, 다양한 구조물 형식에 적용될 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 대공간 스페이스 프레임 구조물의 최적의 부재크기나 형상은 구조 엔지니어의 경험과 반복적인 해석 그리고 시행착오적인 방법 때문에 그 결정이 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 설계자가 구조물의 최적 형상을 선택할 수 있는 방안을 제시하기 위해 먼저 타원형 및 볼트복합형과 같은 다양한 유형의 스페이스 프레임 구조물이 선정되며, 절점, 좌표 및 부재 생성을 위한 형상생성방법이 고려된다. 또한 스페이스 프레임 구조의 최적설계 절차에서 각 절점 좌표는 높이 변화나 링의 개수에 따라 변하게 되므로 최적설계 과정에서 절점파 부재의 자동생성기법이 적용된다. 다음으로 형상생성방법을 기반으로 한 형상생성모듈은 구조물의 최적화 단계에 앞서 설계자가 원하는 형상을 생성해주는 모듈이며, 최적화 단계에서는 해석 모듈과 최적화모듈이 연계된다. 마지막으로 예제 모델을 통해 형상생성방안 및 최적설계 방안의 효율성을 검토한다.

본 논문에서는 다양한 문제들의 형상 설계 민감도 해석에 대한 효율적인 경계기반 기법을 제시하였다 우선 문제에서 정의된 일반적인 함수들에 대한 연속체 형태의 식에 근거하여, 경계 적분 형태의 해석적 민감도 식을 유도하였다. 이 식은 다양한 형상 설계 문제들의 경사를 계산하는데 편리하게 사용할 수 있다. 그리고 경계법은 형상 변분 벡터가 전체 도메인이 아닌 경계에서만 요구된다는 장점이 있는데, 여기서 경계 형상 변분은 형상 함수의 복잡한 해석적 미분 대신 형상을 미소 증분시킴으로써 편리하게 계산할 수 있다. 제시한 방법의 효율성을 보이기 위해 포텐셜 유동 문제와 필렛(fillet)에서의 응력 집중 문제에 이를 적용하였다.

The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimum shape of cable domes by using the real coding genetic algorithm. Generally, the structural performance of the cable domes is influenced very sensitively by pre-stress, geometry and length of the mast because of flexible system. So, it is very important to decide the optimum shape to get maximum stiffness of cable domes. We use the analytical model to verify the usefulness of this algorithm for shape optimization and analyze the roof system of Seoul olympic gymnastic arena as analytical model of a practical structures. It is confirmed lastly that the optimum shape domes have more stiffness than initial shape ones.

The objective of this study is the development of a size and shape discrete optimum design algorithms, which is based on the genetic algorithms and the fuzzy theory. This algorithms can perform both size and shape optimum designs of plane and space trusses. The developed fuzzy shape-GAs (FS-GAs) was implemented in a computer program. For the optimum design, the objective function is the weight of structures and the constraints are limits on loads and serviceability. This study solves the problem by introducing the FS-GAs operators into the genetic.

본 논문에서는 쉘 최적화에 대한 연구 결과를 기술하였다. 본 연구의 주목적은 쉘 구조물의 최적형상과 두께 분포를 찾는데 있다. 쉘의 변형에너지를 목적함수로 사용하고 초기 쉘의 부피를 제약조건을 고려하였다. 본 연구에서는 Computer-Aided Geometric Design (CAGD) 기법을 이용하여 쉘의 형상과 그 두께 분포를 표현하였고 쉘의 변형에너지를 측정하기 위해서 가변형 도를 채용한 퇴화 쉘 요소(Degenerated Shell Element)를 도입하였다. 최적 값을 구하기 위해서 세 가지 수학적 프로그래밍 기법을 제공하는 프로그램 DOT를 사용하였다. 마지막으로 새로이 개발된 쉘 최적화시스템의 효율성을 최적화예제로써 증명하였다.

Purpose of this study is the design of the optimal membrane plate in filter press which is one of the devices for improving the solid-liquid separation through the mechanical dewatering of sewage sludge. We tried to improve durability of the membrane plate and efficiency of the filtrate drainage through the flow and structural analysis. Characteristics of specific pressure were also evaluated according to the shape of the membrane plate.