Evaluation of low temperature performance of asphalt mixture is significant not only for mitigating transverse thermal cracking but also for preventing potential traffic accidents. In addition, the engineers in pavement agency need to inform the proper pavement section where urgent management is needed. Since early 2000, Korea Expressway Corporation Research Division (KECRD) developed an 3D Pavement condition Monitoring profiler vehicle (3DPM) to survey expressway pavement surface condition precisely. The management of whole expressway network became more precise, effective and efficient than before due to application of 3DPM and HPMS. One thing recommended is: performing extensive mechanical test and corresponding data analysis work procedure to further strengthen the feasibility of current 3DPM approach and HPMS. In this paper two activities were considered: first, the pavement section where the urgent care is recommended is selected by means of 3DPM approach. Then asphalt mixture cores were acquired on that specified section then low temperature fracture test: Semi Circular Bending (SCB) test, was performed. The mechanical parameters, energy release rate and fracture toughness were computed then compared. It is concluded that the current 3DPM approach in KEC can successfully evaluate and analyze selected pavement condition. However, more extensive experimental works are needed to further strengthen the current pavement analyzing approaches.

교통량이 증가하고 교량과 같은 특수구조물에 아스팔트 포장이 시공되는 사례가 증가함에 따라 일반적으로 사용되는 아스팔트보다 높은 성능을 가진 아스팔트에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 일반 아스팔트 혼합물은 내구연한이 지나면 재생첨가제 등을 사용하여 다 시 도로포장재료로서 재활용할 수 있는 방안이 마련되어 있으나, 개질 아스팔트가 사용된 폐아스팔트 혼합물은 매립재로 사용하는 것 이외에는 별다른 대안이 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국토부 지침에 규정된 재활용 아스팔트 혼합물 배합설계법을 적용하여 개질 폐아스팔트 혼합물을 재활용할 수 있는지를 검토해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 개질 아스팔트를 활용하여 혼합물을 제작하였으며, 현장에서 수거되는 폐아스팔트 혼합물의 노화상태를 모사하기 위해 AASHTO R 30을 참고하여 강제 노화를 실시하였다. 노화 및 추출 과정에서 아스팔트의 물성 변화를 확인하기 위해 절대점도, DSR, MSCR 시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과, 추출 후 바인더의 절대점도는 감소하였으나 G*(복합전단계수)와 δ(위상각)은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 소성변형 저항성을 확인하기 위해 MSCR(다중 응력 크리프 및 회복) 시험을 실시한 결과,  이 2배 가까이 증가하여 소성변형 저항성이 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 추출시 사용 되는 용매가 개질첨가제를 추출하지 못하여 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 따라서 개질 폐아스팔트 혼합물을 재활용하기 위해서는 기존과 는 다른 별도의 배합설계법이 개발되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

본 논문은 영국의 실험적 미디어 그룹인 블라스트 씨어리(Blast theory)의 혼합 현실 퍼포먼스 작품을 검토하여 그들의 작품이 디지털 시대의 매체적 특징인 현실공 간과 가상공간의 혼종화를 구조적으로 반영하고, 생성적이고 창발적인 전개로 혼합 현실 퍼포먼스의 미학적 특징을 드러내고 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 1991년 결성된 블 라스트 씨어리는 1997년부터 노팅엄 대학의 혼합현실 연구소와 협업하면서 12점의 혼합현실 퍼포먼스를 제작하였다. 작품들은 가상현실 기술, GPS, 모바일 디지털 매 체, 앱 등 최신 기술을 활용하여 가상 기술의 확산으로 변화하는 일상의 모습을 비판 적으로 재현하고 사회를 바라보는 새로운 관점을 제시한다. 작품이 재현하는 혼종화 된 공간은 작품, 작가, 참가자들의 상호소통으로 끊임없이 재조직되는 가상공동체이 다. 여기서 가상공동체는 피에르 레비(Pierre Lévy)가 주장한 창조적 가상공동체를 의미하는 것으로, 자율적 주체들의 다양성이 공존하고 가치와 의미가 지속해서 생성 되고, 조정되는 새로운 의사소통의 장이다. 또한 혼종화된 공간은 디지털 사회의 이 중성을 드러내는 사회참여의 장이기도 하다. 예술적 실천을 사회참여의 계기로 보는 블라스트 씨어리의 시각은 매튜 커세이(Mattew Causey)의 이론과 상통한다. 그는 혼합현실 퍼포먼스를 현재의 매체환경에 주목하면서 디지털 사회에서 발생하는 정 치, 사회, 문화적 문제를 비판적으로 성찰할 수 있는 퍼포먼스로 정의한다. 본 논문 은 레비의 가상화 개념과 커세이의 이론을 바탕으로 기술매체의 발전이 사회에 끼친 영향을 예술적 실천으로 확장한 실험의 의미를 탐구해 보고자 한다.

본 연구는 정향, 황련 추출물을 혼합하여 Malassezia furfur에 대한 항균 능력을 확인하고 최 적의 혼합물을 만들어 항산화 및 항염증 능력을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 정향과 황련을 70% 에탄올, 100% 메탄올, 열수로 추출하여 항균 능력을 평가하여 정향은 100% 메탄올 추출물, 황련은 열수 추출 물이 가장 항균 능력이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 또한 두 추출물을 혼합하여 비율별로 항균 능력을 평가 하였을 때 9:1 비율이 가장 우수한 활성을 보였고 혼합물의 항산화 활성이 뛰어남을 확인하였다. Raw 264.7 세포에서 생존율에 영향을 미치지 않는 1, 10, 50, 100 μg/mL에서 LPS를 이용하여 염증 반응을 유도하고 항염증 활성을 확인한 결과 10, 50, 100 μg/mL에서 No 생성 저해율과 IL-6 발현 저해율 및 COX2, iNOS 단백질 발현 저해 활성이 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 정향 메탄올 추출물 및 황련 열수 추출물의 혼합물은 항균, 항염증 효능이 뛰어나기에 기능성 화장품의 천연 소재로써 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

PURPOSES : This study is to initiated to estimate the impact of mixed traffic flow on expressway section according to the market penetration rate(MPR) of automated vehicles(AVs) using a enhanced intelligent driver model(EIDM). METHODS : To this end, microscopic traffic simulation and EIDM were used to implement mixed traffic flow on basic expressway section and simulation network was calibrated to understand the change of impact in mixed traffic flow due to the MPR of AVs. Additionally, MOEs of mobility aspects such as average speed and travel time were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS : The result of the impact of mobility MOEs by MPR and level of service indicated that 100% MPR of AVs normally affect positive impact on expressway at all level of service. However, it was analyzed that improvements in the level of service from LOS A to C are minimal until the MPR of AVs reaches 75% or higher. CONCLUSIONS : This research shows that impact of MPR of AVs using EIDM of mixed traffic flow on basic expressway. Increasing MPR of AVs affects positive impact on expressway at all level of services. However, MPR from 25% to 75% of AVs in LOS A to C shows minimal impacts. Therefore, to maximize the effectiveness of AVs, appropriate traffic operation and management strategies are necessary.

본 연구에서는 에너지 소모가 큰 기존 진공 증류 공정의 대안으로 친환경이면서 에너지 효율적인 투과증발 분리 공정을 이용하여 1,2 hexane diol/water (1,2 HDO/water) 혼합물에서 물을 분리하는 데 적용되었다. 사용한 분리막은 glutaraldehyde (GA)로 가교된 PVA를 알루미나 중공사 막(Al-HF) 내부에 코팅하여 사용하였다. 1,2 HDO/water 투과증발 분리공 정에서는 PVA/GA 비율, 경화 온도 및 투과증발 분리공정 운전 조건에 대한 막의 최적화를 연구하였다. 장기 안정성 시험에 서 PVA/GA (몰 비율 = 0.08, 경화 온도 = 80°C) 로 코팅된 Al-HF 막이 공정온도 40°C에서 1.90~2.16 kg/m2h 범위의 투과 도를 보였으며, 투과용액의 수분 함량은 99.5% (separation factor = 68) 이상이었다.

PURPOSES : The aim of this study is to investigate the enhancement of performance and the mix design method for asphalt mixtures utilizing ferronickel slag, an industrial by-product METHODS : To enhance the performance of FNS asphalt, waste tire powder (CR) was incorporated, and the characteristics of FNS asphalt aggregate, along with the impact of CR, were evaluated through the mix design process. RESULTS : CR is found to be suitable with a size of 30 mesh, and the optimal usage amount is determined to be 1±0.1% of the mixture weight, considering dense grade asphalt mixture. Volumetric design considering the swelling characteristics of CR is necessary, and a mixing design with a consistent tendency can be achieved only when an appropriate VMA is secured. CONCLUSIONS : The mix design for FNS-R asphalt mixture requires an increase of approximately 1% in VMA compared to conventional dense-graded asphalt mixtures to accommodate the swelling of CR. Additionally, FNS-R asphalt exhibits improved resistance to rutting comparable to modified asphalt and meets quality standards, including stripping resistance.

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to evaluate the physical properties of the RAP 50 asphalt mixture containing polymer modified rejuvenator and warm-mix additive to improve the recycling rate of RAP and reduce CO2 emission. METHODS : Mix design of Polymer Modified Warm-mix Asphalt Mixture(RAP 50), and Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture(RAP 30) were produced and the properties of asphalt mixture such as Marshall Stability, ITS, Deformation Strength, TSR, and Dynamic Stability were compared between the two asphalt mixtures. RESULTS : The RAP 50 asphalt mixture showed superior or similar performances compared to the RAP 30 asphalt mixture in all the tests conducted. The results of the Marshall stability and dynamic stability in particular were 13,045N and 3,826 pass/mm, which were 11.37% and 76.7% greater than the RAP 30 asphalt mixture, which indicated that high plastic deformation resistance may be expected. CONCLUSIONS : The results obtained from laboratory tests on the two types of mixtures indicated that the use of polymer modified rejuvenator and warm-mix additive not only allows to increase the proportion of RAP but also improves its properties under lower temperature condition than RAP 30 asphalt mixture. Additionally, it was confirmed that plastic deformation resistance was high and moisture resistance and crack resistance were improved for a RAP 50 asphalt mixture.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to verify the influences on the compactibility evaluation of WMA (Warm Mix Asphalt) mixture by laboratory experiments. METHODS : Two types of WMA additives (chemical and wax types) and two types of compactors (marshall and gyratory) are used in laboratory experiments. In addition, two types of WMA processes (wet and dry) are tested to verify the impact of manufacturing process. RESULTS : The laboratory results show that the effects of compaction method on compactibility are different depending on the type of additive. The compaction method has a significant impact on WMA mixture with chemical type additive to extent that it determines whether required criterion is satisfied, but only little on WMA mixture with wax type additive. In the case of wet process for WMA mixture manufacturing, it is hard to assess the air void of HMA mixture made of same asphalt binder used in WMA mixture since the additive has already been added in asphalt binder. And the test results show that air voids of HMA mixture vary within properties of asphalt binder. CONCLUSIONS : Through this study, it is found that compactibility of WMA mixture is affected by the compaction methods depending on the additive types and by the WMA mixture manufacturing process. Therefore, those are recommended to be considered when evaluating compactibility of WMA mixtures.

Asphalt concrete, which is used as a road base material, accounts for >90% of a road pavement. A huge amount of waste concrete and waste asphalt concrete aggregates are generated. Recently, carbon neutrality is promoted across all industries for sustainability. Therefore, to achieve carbon neutrality in the asphalt concrete industry, waste asphalt concrete aggregates should be recycled. Additionally, road base materials are prepared using additives to ensure structural stability, durability, and economic efficiency. In this study, recycled asphalt concrete aggregates were used to evaluate the physical properties of road base materials according to the type of polymer additive and mixing method, and the applicability of road base each material was evaluated. Results showed that when the acrylate-based polymer additive was mixed, the uniaxial compressive strength was 30% higher. Furthermore, the compressive strength of the split mix was improved by ~29% compared to the total mix.

본 논문은 남성의 혼합형 수염 디자인과 나이추론 간의 관계를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해, 혼합형 수염 유형을 제시한 뒤 표본이 지각하는 나이 와의 관계를 검증하는 형식으로 진행하였다. 이후, 통계적 검증으로 수염 디자인과 나이추 론 간의 관계를 분석하고 제시하였다. 전국 내국인 대상 20대~50대 이상 남녀이다. 온라인 설문지(네이버 폼)를 통해 배포되었다. 모집단을 대상으로 설문지를 배포하여 단순 무작위 추출법으로 표본을 추출한 뒤, 총 337부를 유효표본으로 활용하였다. 분석은 WIN SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 남성의 혼합형 수염은 그 디자인 유형에 따라 서 로 다른 나이를 추론하게 하였으며, 이 차이는 수염 디자인별로 통계적 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 통해 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 논하며 향후 연구의 제 언을 제시하였다.

Purpose: This study analyzed domestic studies on blended learning among nursing students to identify research trends and future directions. Methods: This scoping review was conducted following the process suggested by Arksey and O’Malley: 1) identifying the research questions; 2) searching for relevant studies; 3) study selection; 4) charting the data; 5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; and 6) optional consultation. Relevant studies were searched using the keywords “blended learning” and “nursing” in the domestic databases RISS, KISS, and DBpia. The selection and exclusion criteria were applied to 203 articles, and 34 were finally selected. Results: The final 34 studies included 30 quantitative and four qualitative studies. Most of the studies were experimental studies. In undergraduate nursing education, blended learning was utilized more in the classroom than in the lab or clinical setting. Furthermore, it was mainly applied by combining online and offline approaches. It improved learning satisfaction, critical thinking, clinical performance, and self-directed learning ability. Conclusion: Research on blended learning in nursing education has increased over time. Blended learning positively affects learning satisfaction and learning ability in nursing students; thus, it is expected that this could be effectively utilized in both the classroom and lab or in clinical teaching for nursing students. Therefore, future studies using various research methods should be expanded, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses are recommended.

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of agricultural heritage as a sustainable agricultural and rural paradigm with a focus on the “Argan-based agro-sylvo-pastoral system in the area of Ait Souab-Ait Mansour”, a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) site in Morocco. Based on the inscription criteria of the GIAHS, we analyzed the economic-industrial, sociocultural, and ecological-environmental perspectives and presented strategies for revitalizing agricultural and rural development cooperation through the Moroccan Argan GIAHS. The argan tree has been a source of economic, cultural, and environmental stability for the Berber people for centuries, but today it is exposed to many threats. In particular, the declining consumption of argan oil by Berbers, the lack of financial independence of women's cooperatives, and the over-exploitation of the tree suggest that it is time to balance the three pillars of environmental, economic, and social sustainability that development has sought to achieve. Agricultural heritage can be preserved when local people take ownership of their heritage and utilize it to generate economic activities. Only a symbiotic way of life between humans and agricultural heritage can overcome the possibilities and limitations of the ecological environment and generate local value through the accumulation of knowledge, technology, and culture. Only on these premises, can local self-sustaining development based on the pluralistic values and public functions of the world's important agricultural heritage be possible.