이 논문에서는 고속철도교량 설계를 위한 활하중 모델을 통계 및 확률적 방법으로 검토하고, 하중조합의 하중계수가 주는 안전율을 분석하였다. 이 연구는 철도교량 설계기준에 대한 한계상태설계법 개발의 일환이며, 이를 위하여 경부고속철도를 운행하는 열차를 대상으로 약 한달 동안 실측하여 데이터를 수집하고 분석하였다. 이 데이터를 대상으로 교량의 설계수명에 맞도록 4가지 통계 방법들을 적용하여 설계하중을 추정하여 비교․검토하였다. 또한, 철도교량의 설계하중조합이 주는 안전율을 검토하기 위하여 신뢰도지수를 구하고 이를 분석하였다. 실측 데이터로부터 추정한 활하중효과에 대하여, 현행 고속철도 설계활하중인 표준열차하중의 0.75배를 적용한 설계활하중 효과의 크기가 최소 30～22% 더 크게 나왔다. 신뢰도분석을 통하여, 극한한계상태만을 기준으로 본다면, 추가적인 하중계수 감소의 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있다.

As the industrial scale is getting enlarged and the people’s quality of life is growing, the electric energy consumption has been rapidly increasing every year and the frequency of electrical accidents such as electrical shock This paper gives statistical analysis of the number of casualties caused by the electrical shock, five hundred people every year, but it still exceeded the shaping risk of electrical accidents to anyone in KOREA. In this paper, for the electrical shock of the in 2014 act by occupation, voltage electrical equipment, location, accident type and months. In order to acquire electrical shock in 2014, we visited police stations and hospitals and analyzed records of accidents. The result showed that the electrical shock alone caused 37 people deaths and 569 injuries.

본 연구는 2009 개정 수학 교과서가 이전의 2007 개정 수학 교과서와 비교하여 스토리텔링의 요소가 어떻게 얼마나 반영되었는지를 분석하는 것을 목표로, 2007 개정 교육과정에 따른 두 출판사의 교과서 와 익힘책을 동일한 출판사의 2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 교과서와의 문항을 비교 분석하였다. 구체적 으로 두 교과서는 전체적인 교과서 구조 측면에서, 그리고 실생활연계, 수학적 흥미, 창의성과 의사소통 이라는 세가지 스토리텔링형 유형 측면에서 분석되었다. 연구 분석 결과, 새로 개정된 2009 A와 2009 B에서 다음과 같은 공통적인 특징을 발견할 수 있다. 첫 째, 스토리텔링을 반영한 전체적인 문제의 수나 스토리텔링적 요소에서는 2009 개정 교과서와 이전 교 과서간에 큰 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 둘째, 2009 개정 교과서는 학생들의 참여를 유도하는 활동이 증 가하였다. 셋째, 2009 개정 교과서는 자기주도적 학습의 요소가 증가하였다. 이상에서 분석한 결과를 토대로, 2009 개정 교육과정과 「수학 교육 선진화 방안」이 추구하는 스토리 텔링이 잘 구현된 수학 교과서 개발을 위해 첫째, 개정 교육과정에서 강조하는 스토리텔링이 무엇인지, 현재의 교과서가 어떤 점에서 변화되었는지를 명확히 한 후 이에 대한 연수가 필요하며 둘째, 수학 교 과 내용과 일상생활과의 연계를 위한 다양한 소재를 발굴할 필요가 있으며 셋째, 이야기적 요소를 보충 하고 넷째, 다양한 활동을 이끌고 다섯째, 공학적 도구를 다양하게 사용하는 기회가 주어져야 함을 제 안하였다.

Recently, management based on statistical data has become a big issue and the importance of the statistics has been emphasized for the management innovation in the defense area. However, the Military Management based on the statistics is hard to expect because of the shortage of the statistics in the military. There are many military information systems having great many data created in real time. Since the infrastructure for gathering data form the many systems and making statistics by using gathered data is not equipped, the usage of the statistics is poor in the military. The Analytical Defense Statistics System is designed to improve effectively the defense management in this study. The new system having the sub-systems of Data Management, Analysis and Service can gather the operational data from interlocked other Defense Operational Systems and produce Defense Statistics by using the gathered data beside providing statistics services. Additionally, the special function for the user oriented statistics production is added to make new statistics by handling many statistics and data. The Data Warehouse is considered to manage the data and Online Analytical Processing tool is used to enhance the efficiency of the data handling. The main functions of the R, which is a well-known analysis program, are considered for the statistical analysis. The Quality Management Technique is applied to find the fault from the data of the regular and irregular type. The new Statistics System will be the essence of the new technology like as Data Warehouse, Business Intelligence, Data Standardization and Statistics Analysis and will be helpful to improve the efficiency of the Military Management.

It has been widely accepted that the pressure management of water distribution systems using pressure reducing valves(PRVs) would be an effective method for controlling leakages. A pressure reducing valve (PRV) regulates outlet pressure regardless of fluctuating flow and varying inlet pressure, thereby reducing leakage and mitigating the stress on the water distribution system. However, the operation of a PRV is vulnerable to its mechanical condition and hydraulic operability. In this research, the effect of PRVs installed in water distribution system are evaluated in terms of hydraulic pressure reduction and mechanical performance by analyzing measured pressure data with statistical approach. A statistical approach using the moving average filter and frequency analysis based on fourier transform is presented to detect abnormally operated PRVs that have been densely installed in water distribution system. The result shows that the proposed approach can be a good performance evaluation method by simply measuring pressures for the PRVs.

This study have been conducted to analyze the feasibility of establishing Contamination Warning System(CWS) that is capable of monitoring early natural or intentional water quality accidents, and providing active and quick responses for domestic C_water supply system. In order to evaluate the water quality data set, pH, turbidity and free residual chlorine concentration data were collected and each statistical value(mean, variation, range) was calculated, then the seasonal variability of those were analyzed using the independent t-test. From the results of analyzing the distribution of outliers in the measurement data using a high-pass filter, it could be confirmed that a lot of lower outliers appeared due to data missing. In addition, linear filter model based on autoregressive model(AR(1) and AR(2)) was applied for the state estimation of each water quality data set. From the results of analyzing the variability of the autocorrelation coefficient structure according to the change of window size(6hours~48hours), at least the window size longer than 12hours should be necessary for estimating the state of water quality data satisfactorily.

This study considered network quotient (NQ) of deluxe hotel employees and schematized characteristic attributes of being selected by employees with image through correspondence analysis in terms of cognition degree. Self-administrated questionnaires were completed by employees (292 samples) and data were analysed by frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, reliability and correspondence analysis. First, the hotel employees indicated the high average value in “participating in special education or seminar for improving ability (3.85±0.76). Second, as a result of analyzing difference according to gender, the average value in men was higher than in women. It was indicated that the higher age and career lead to a rise even in the average value of relationship index. Third, in consequence of carrying out correspondence analysis in order to prepare image map according to cognition level on relationship index in hotel employees, the measurement item that is placed in the closest distance to the response as saying of not so very was the response as saying of “having a lunch (dinner) engagement twice or three times a week.” On the other hand, the response as saying of “tending to have many acquaintances compared to coworkers” was schematized in the close distance to the response as saying of very so.

막대나 히스토그램과 같은 그래픽 요소는 통계자료의 탐색적 분석을 위한 정보 시각화 도구로 자주 활용되어왔다. 이에 비해단계구분도나 유선도와 같은 전통적 주제도는 지리참조된 통계자료의 공간 분포 및 패턴 분석을 위한 유용한 시각화 기법으로 인식되었다. 그러나 통계학 분야에서 최근 제안된 연결형 마이크로맵은 공간통계자료의 탐색적 분석을 위한 효과적인 시각화 도구로서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 서울특별시 자치구를 대상으로 생산된 공간통계자료를 시각화할 수 있는 연결형 마이크로맵을 R 프로그래밍 언어를 이용하여 구현하여 제시하였다. 그리고 본 연구는 기존 주제도와 차별적인 연결형 마이크로맵의 특징을 고찰하였다. 연결형 마이크로맵은 전통적 주제도의 한계를 해결하고 정보 손실을 최소화할 수 있는 효과적인 시각화 기법으로서 그 활용도가 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES: This study has been conducted to determine a homogeneous segment and integration to improve the efficiency of short-term traffic count. We have also attempted to reduce the traffic monitoring budget. METHODS: Based on the statistical approach, a homogeneous segment in the same road section is determined. Statistical analysis using t-test, mean difference, and correlation coefficient are carried out for 10-year-long (2004-2013) short-term count traffic data and the MAPE of fresh data (2014) are evaluated. The correlation coefficient represents a trend in traffic count, while the mean difference and t-score represent an average traffic count. RESULTS : The statistical analysis suggests that the number of target segments varies with the criteria. The correlation coefficient of more than 30% of the adjacent segment is higher than 0.8. A mean difference of 36.2% and t-score of 19.5% for adjacent segments are below 20% and 2.8, respectively. According to the effectiveness analysis, the integration criteria of the mean difference have a higher effect as compared to the t-score criteria. Thus, the mean difference represents a traffic volume similarity. CONCLUSIONS : The integration of 47 road segments from 882 adjacent road segments indicate 8.87% of MAPE, which is within an acceptable range. It can reduce the traffic monitoring budget and increase the count to improve an accuracy of traffic volume estimation.

This study understood what effect was produced on the purchasing decision making of outdoor wear by a shopping orientation, fashion involvement and demographic characteristics offered practical suggestions as to what effect was produced on the store selection criteria, product selection criteria for purchasing decision making in purchasing outdoor wear. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey, and 397 males in were collected for analysis. The results were as follows. First, shopping orientation group was classified into hedonic shopping orientation group and utilitarian shopping orientation group. And it was classified into high fashion involvement group and low fashion involvement group according to fashion involvement. Product selection criteria were classified into 2 factors such as intrinsic attributes and extrinsic attributes. And store selection criteria were classified into 4 factors such as store atmosphere, store environment, promotion and salesmen. Second, there was partly significant difference in product selection criteria, and store selection criteria between utilitarian shopping group and hedonic shopping group. Third, there was significant difference in product selection criteria and store selection criteria between high fashion involvement group and low fashion involvement group. Finally, there was significant difference in the and according to age, job, and income among demographic characteristics.

In order to research the wave characteristics in Suyeong bay on typhoon in 2011, this study was carried out observation of wave on typhoon "Ma-on",calculation of wave characteristics using STWAVE and comparison with significant wave heights between observ

The efficient safety estimation for a business should analyze an accident data by considering every possible and potential factor. Thus, we consider several factors to build the safety estimation model to meet fairness and rationality. This paper present the yearly statistic data of accident from KOSHA analyze the data by industry, scale, year of service of a employee, age and other factors; build the safety estimation model for the business based on the accident report derived the analysis. The estimation model is established by the weights for accident type, degree, scale, industry, year of service, and age of the employee derived from ANP(Analytic Network Process).

This paper is to survey the research process and the problems in statistics of The Chronicle of Korea Fishery. The contents of The Chronicle were researched by two groups. One group is the managers of every province, the other group is the officers of every county. The managers performed the literature investigation research and field study and also arranged the reports from the county officers. But the managers seemed not to pay the full attention about the consistency of contents. The main contents about fishery are the number of coastal households and population, the number of fishery households and population, the number of fishing boats and fishing net. The body of The Choronicle and the table of fishing affairs in the appendages must be carefully compared to use the statistics. Though these statistics lack the consistency, the number of fishery households and boats deserves the attention. The fishing households account for less than 3% of all households, and about one third of fishing households has fishing boat.

The objective of this study is to investigate consumer preferences, perception and consumption patterns for fish products. To investigate the difference in consumer responses according to the characteristics of the population parameters, data were collected from the survey of 404 Koreans and analyzed. The results are as follows: First, the differences of age; for the question of the reason why do you eat fish products, the younger generation (20〜30s)’s most answer was‘The Taste’while the older age groups(40〜50s and over 60s)’most respond was‘For Health’. Second, the differences of sex; women relatively considered‘The Quality’of fish products more important than men when selecting the products. Whereas, men thought‘The Taste’of fish products more important than women when they choose fish products. In addition, when the bad news or hygiene accidents about fish products are reported on media, women reacted more negatively for fish products purchase than men. Third, the differences of family members; the respondents who lived with 3 or more family members showed higher preference rates about purchasing trimmed fresh fish at the store than respondents who lived with 2 or less family members. On the other hand, single households relatively bought processed fish products and RTE(Ready To Eat) fish products more than other family member groups. In addition, single households preference rates about eating fish products as a main dish were very high compared to other groups.

시중에 유통 중인 샐러드와 김밥을 각각 100종 수거하 여 B. cereus 함량을 정량분석하였다. 샐러드는 불검출이 54종이었으며 10 CFU/g 이하가 8종, 100 CFU/g 이하가 25 종, 1,000 CFU/g 이하가 11종이었으며 1,000 CFU/g 이상인 것이 2종이었다. 샐러드의 대한 모니터링 결과 평균은 1.18 log CFU/g 이었으며 표준편차는 0.71 log CFU/g이었다. 김밥에서는 100개의 검체중 20개의 검체에서 B. cereus가 검출되었으며 평균은 1.01 log CFU/g 이었으며 표준편차는 0.71 log CFU/g이었다. 모니터링 결과를 이용하여 통계적 검체채취 방법을 수립하고자 하였다. 검체채취 방법은 국제미생물위원회에서 제공하는 검체채취프로그램인 NEW sampleplan program을 이용하였으며 검체갯수를 고정한 후 미생물 기준인 m과 M, 그리고 허용한계값인 c 값을 변화 하면서 산출되는 합격률이 0.95에 가장 근사한 값을 선정하였다. 그 결과 샐러드, 김밥에서의 가장 적합한 검체채취 기준은 3분법을 사용하는 것으로 n = 5, c = 0, m = 1,000, M = 10,000과 n = 5, c = 2, m = 100, M = 1,000의 기준이 설정되었다. 특히 후자에 서술된 기준은 현재 뉴질랜드에서 즉석섭취식품에서의 B. cereus에 대한 규격으로 사용하고 있어 국제적인 경향에도 부합함을 알 수 있었다.

한국의 환경부에서 제작하여 배포한 국가 토지피복도(2000, 2009년)는 수문, 생태, 자연재해 취약성 평가 등 다양한 연구의 기초정보로 활용되고 있다. 하지만 2000년 국가 토지피복도의 정확도가 부족하기 때문에 국가토지피복도를 활용하여 토지피복 변화를 분석하는데 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 통계연보의 지목 자료와 환경부의 2009년 토지피복도를 활용하여 2000년 토지피복별 면적 추정 방법을 연구하였다. 이 연구는 본 연구에서 설계한 방법의 타당성을 평가하기 위해 그 방법을 덕유산 인근에 위치한 6개 읍·면의 2000년 토지피복별 면적을 추정하는데 적용하였다. 연구 결과 본 연구에서 추정한 2000년 토지피복별 면적은 통계연보와 전반적으로 6.12km2의 차이를 보였다. 이에 비해 토지피복도를 활용하여 산정한 토지피복별 면적은 통계연보와 전반적으로 13.10km2의 차이를 보였다. 토지피복도만을 이용하여 분석한 2000～2009년 토지피복별 면적 변화 경향은 통계연보와 54.2% 일치하였다. 반면에 본 연구에서 추정한 변화 경향은 통계연보와 95.8% 일치하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법이 토지피복도만을 활용했을 때에 비해 2000년 토지피복별 면적을 추정하는데 유용할 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다.

본 연구의 목적은 19세기 후반부에 발행된 프랑스 󰡔통계 그래픽 앨범󰡕에 수록된 지도의 지도학적 특성을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 이 지도집의 제작 배경을 고찰하였는데, 당시의 사회공학과 통계그래픽의 발달이 지도집의 제작에 영향을 미친 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 지도의 주제를 살펴본 결과, 국토개발을 위한 교통망 건설 타당성 분석을 위한 교통주제도가 많았다. 셋째, 단계구분도의 데이터 분류를 위해서는 등간분류와 자연분류를 채택하였으며, 동일계열의 색상을 이용한 명도배열과 황색과 적색의 분기배열을 사용하여 배색하였다. 넷째, 유선도는 선의 너비를 교통물량의 데이터와 비례하게 제작하였는데, 데이터의 명목적 차이는 색상과 질감을 사용하여 구분하였다. 다섯째, 도형표현도의 경우는 4개 이상의 변수를 표현하는 다변량지도가 많은데, 이로 인해 지도를 이해하는 데 어려움이 있음을 확인하였다. 여섯째, 시공간축소와 비용공간 축소의 표현을 위하여 카토그램을 사용하였다.