The purpose of this study is to discuss issues on how locality can be revealed through landscape planning and design especially in the local environment. Over the past decade, there has been substantial increase in architects and landscape architects working internationally. There are many that believe this may lead to a unifying global brand of design that overlooks the identity and specificity of place. This lead us to think opportunities and challenges for designers working internationally to understand and create a unique sense of place. Relations between contemporary design trend and local identity will be studied through case studies. Design strategies and languages on revealing locality will be also discussed with the Suncheon Education Culture Center project

본 연구에서는 진주시 가호동 일대의 옥상조경시설이 조성된 지역을 통하여 수목의 현황 및 특성을 파악하고 온도의 저감정도를 조사하기 위해 식물의 존치와 토양의 분포가 옥상바닥면의 온도와 차이를 비교하였다. 옥상내 식재된 수목은 관목이 대부분이었으며, 생육은 폴리비안(Polybian) 건물의 반송이 고사되는 것이 육안으로 관찰되었으며, 모든 건물에서 사용되는 토양은 인공경량토가 아닌 마사토 및 모래로 지상보다 열악한 환경조건인 옥상에 건물의 지반하중의 부담을 감소시키며, 배수성 및 통기성을 향상시킬 수 있는 인공경량토로 대체하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다. 옥상 조경시설물의 온도 또한 대기온도가 13℃일때 옥상의 방수층 바닥온도는 30℃이상으로 맑은날 대기온도가 증가할수록 일사량 또한 증가하여 바닥면의 온도를 더욱 증가시킬 것으로 판단된다. 단기간의 옥상건물의 온도비교 분석은 해당일의 날씨 등의 요인으로 데이터의 신뢰가 다소 떨어질 수 있는 요인이 되며, 일일 데이터만으로는 여름철 전체의 대표성을 가질 수 없다. 따라서 차후 여름철 온도저감의 전반적 효과를 파악하는데 있어 신뢰성을 높이기 위한 자동 데이터 장비를 이용한 측정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 학교 옥외환경이 학생들의 환경의식 및 환경교육적 측면에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위해 시범학교와 일반학교의 비교 연구를 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 1. 학생들은 자신의 학교 옥외공간에 ‘나무, 꽃 등의 관찰공간’, ‘화단’, ‘야외수업 및 휴식공간’, ‘연못 및 생태 숲’ 등에 대한 요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 특히 ‘야외수업 및 휴식공간’에 대한 요구도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 조경공간 만족도에 있어서는 시범학교와 일반학교의 차이가 검증되었으며 숲 조성으로 인한 식물 수량의 증가와 이로 인해 계절감을 느낄 수 있는 점이 만족의 이유로 조사되었다. 3. 학교숲 조성은 학생들의 식재수량 인식도에 유의적인 영향을 끼쳤으며, 학교숲 조성으로 인한 식재수량의 증가는 학생들의 식물 관찰빈도를 높여주는 결과를 보였다. 또한 관찰빈도의 증가가 식물이름을 아는 정도에도 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 교목․교화의 인지도, 교과서 식물 인지도의 분석 결과를 볼 때, 학교숲 조성 후 적극적인 환경교육이 이루어지지 않으면 학생들의 환경의식고취 및 교육적 효과가 미비한 것으로 나타났으며, 현재 환경교육은 대부분 교실에서 이루어지는 교과서 위주로 진행되고 있었으며, 현장에서 직접 체험하는 방식의 교육이 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 학생들이 몸소 체험하며 보고, 듣고, 느낄 수 있는 방식의 효과적인 학습방법을 모색하기 위한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to offer the opportunity of contact with ecological education to elementary school student. We would like to propose the educational space considering of the effects of ecological education. We found that it is very effective to organize ecological education of elementary program in the interior landscape. We considered the criteria of interior landscape at elementary school as the analysis of curriculum and physiological environment. Observation type, exhibition type and experience type were considered as a type of interior landscape in ecological curriculum. Because we don't have enough information to trace the educational facilities design criteria, this research supplies interior landscape design information for user by web environment. Specially, curriculum analysis is very useful data for interior landscape design criteria. There are three category in this database: obervation, exhibition, experience style. The other category is consist of floor type and elevation type. The last category is garden style, container style, hanging style, and movible or fixed application. User favorite style can be chosen in web environment. This study will be a basic data in the field of interior landscape design.

Campus landscaping has been disregarded in its importance so long and there were cases little attracting even in designing and constructing campus-scape. In this regard, this study aims at not only providing an emphasis on the role of landscape in campuses having been negligible by far, but seeking for possible initiatives to drive it out actively. As for the part of campus landscaping plans, we focus on extramural landscape best fit for its customized functions, and harmonious spacial relationship from one location to other within the campus as well as connectivity bridging between in and out of the buildings in such a way of inspiring organic spacial order as a whole in the campus. It also takes an analytic outlook on the present situation and futuristic perspective as well in an attempt to organize creative campus-scape, while making assessment of what kind of specified problems exist recently with regard to functional and landscape-related aspects in external spaces of the campus targeted for this study. We hope our effort in pursue of landscape-oriented campus environment would be of great help to renovate the college image just acting as a concern of only the campus constituents until now. Furthermore, it may expectedly serve to activate research/learning programs in connection with neighboring industrial firms, which affords effective accessibility to the colleges. Landscaping undoubtedly plays an important element in the territories conducive to spiff up the advertisement and image of campuses.

This study aims to measure and to analyze the characteristics of thermal environment of the various permeable pavement materials such as a break stone pavement (Green block cubic), soil protection pavement (Soil tector), soil cement pavement and ceramic brick pavement under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 9, 2006, 37.1℃) of the year. The albedo was the highest on the break stone pavement(0.8) from 12:00 to 14:00. The albedo of the ceramic brick pavement, a soil tector pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35, 0.29 and 0.27 from 12:00 to 14:00, respectively. The peak surface temperature and long wave radiation was the highest on the soil protection pavements(56.6℃/627 W/m2). The peak surface temperatures and long wave radiation on the ceramic brick pavement, a stone brick pavement and soil cement pavement were 51.7℃/627 W/m2, 48.8℃/607 W/m2 and 45.9℃/582 W/m2, respectively. The heat environment was better on the break stone pavement than on the other pavements. This is mainly due to the high albedo of the break stone pavement(0.8) while the albedo value of a ceramic brick pavement, a soil tactor pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35. 0.29 and 0.27. Large heat capacity(2,629 kJ/㎥․K) of the stone brick pavements also contributes to this difference. The heat environment was better on the soil cement pavement than the soil tector pavement. This is mainly due to the evaporation of the soil cement pavement while the active evaporation of the soil tactor pavement was not continued after two days from the rainfall event. To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.

The landscape commonly refers to the appearance of the land, including its shape, texture, and colours. Among many factors contributing to the landscape, tree and plants factors playa significant role in rural landscape as a colours. Therefore the rural traditional theme village where had been designated under the rural traditional theme village since 2007 in Naegok-ri, Eohang-myeon, Haman-gun has planned to design the tree plant planning for creating a unique rural landscape. The landscape proposal for the new Rural Village in Naegokri, Yeohang-myeon, Haman-gun suggests three main strategies; 1) The riverside area and reservoir area adjoined forest was required to be prepared to offer organization waterside landscape and forest landscape through landscape planting and selecting trees i.e. able to reflect sense of the season that promote high quality values of landscape area in rural. 2) The area adjoined stable was required to strengthen the screen planting and buffer planting with multiple plant layer structure and trees of branches and leaves closeness, shrubs of beauty flowers in order to improve disamenity landscape and odours. 3) The rural traditional theme village adjoined entrance was required to open space such as multipurpose garden, specialized or themed garden which include Landmark factors and prepared to the space with the various theme and visual diversity in order to take charge of function as landmark characteristic in Naegok-ri, Eohang-myeon, Haman-gun, and so on. In conclusion, this winning principal purpose of this study is applied to basic tree plant model for sustainable rural landscape creation in rural areas by selecting beautiful landscape plants and the tree plant planning.

According to the survey, having access to a green environment in hospital building acts as an attractive element when visiting an obstetrics & gynecologist hospital. People want an open space where they can experience landscape-like features, even though they are faced with such limiting circumstances. A variety of conditions have to be met in order to compose a good indoor landscape design, from variety in plant selection, to flowers with great scents. In order to attract more patients, investment in creating an attractive indoor landscape will soon become a requisite for all medical facilities and local clinics that are to be built.

자생 상록양치류의 대량번식의 체계확립을 위해 기내배양 식물체의 순화기에 있어 순화기 용토종류와 용토내의 pH, 관비효과를 위해 ammonium nitrate 그리고 차광율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 자생상록 양치류의 순화기에 이식용토 종류를 달리하여 더부살이고사리 외 4종의 상록자생 양치류의 전엽체를 이식함에 있어 전반적으로 상토+마사+펄라이트(2:1:1) 조합에서 포자체의 형성과 생장이 양호하였다. 자생상록 양치류의 순화용토 내에 적합한 pH는 공시식물 종에 따라 적성 pH의 요구성이 pH 5.5～7.5로 다양하게 보였으며, 순화기에 차광 효과는 30%와 50% 차광에서 무차광구에 비해 포자체 형성과 생장이 증가하였다. 또한 순화기의 관비에 관한 효과는 ammonium nitrate 0.5 g/ℓ 첨가가 순화기에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

자생 상록양치류의 대량번식의 체계를 위해 배양조건에 따른 전엽체 유도와 발달에 미치는 배지, 질소급원, 탄소원, 생장조절물질의 조합 및 배양조건를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전엽체증식에 있어 적절한 배지는 4종 모두 MS배지가 전엽체의 증식에 가장 양호하였고, 질소량이 NH4+:NO3-이 20:40mM로 첨가된 배지에서 가장 양호하였는데, 특히 큰봉의꼬리(Pteris cretica)에서는 NH4+:NO3-이 60:0보다 20:40mM에서 생체중이 1.48g으로 4.1배로 증가를 보여 가장 양호하였다. 탄소원인 sucrose 농도별로 전엽체의 증식에 큰 차이를 보였는데, 큰봉의꼬리(Pteris cretica)에 있어 3% 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 7.7배로 전엽체의 증식이 가장 양호하였고, 배지내의 NaH2PO4 100mg/L에서 더부살이고사리(Polystichum lepidocaulon)의 경우에 있어 가장 양호하였으며 전반적으로 유사한 경향을 보였다. 생장조절 물질에 대한 생육반응에 있어 골고사리와 버들참빗은 NAA 0.1mg/L에서 볼 수 있었으나, 돌담고사리 경우에는 Kinetin 0.01∼10mg/L와 NAA 0.01∼1mg/L에서는 효과의 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 손고비에서는 전반적으로 무처리구에서 전엽체 증식이 가장 현저하였다. 배양시 광조건은 1,000 Lux의 광도에서 배양한 것이 전엽체 증식률이 가장 높았으며, 배양방법에 있어 큰봉의꼬리(Pteris cretica)는 액체배양에서는 1.59g에 비해 고체배양에서 3.34g으로 2.1배의 현저한 증가를 볼 수 있었다.

Indoor space is not just functional mean, it is watched with deep more concern as ecological and emotional design. Designed and executed indoor theme garden in Yawoori department store, 20 ages were major customer, with objective on differentiation of it's image. The inner side of department store is not suitable for plants growth, but establishment period is relatively short with 3 months. Its results of establishing indoor garden, all customer, clients, and employee were satisfied, and its accompanied effectiveness on event of department store. Therefore, indoor garden has potential for generation of images , and visitor or customers's amenity. And it also makes possibility of coexistence human with plans.

This study was conducted to validate the planting status of landscape plants and elements of Seoul National University of Education. Despite of long historical background of school, this type of research was seldomly conducted before as innovation strategy of university. And the purpose of this study was to offer the opportunity of design criteria of school to offer the new concept of eco-friendly design and analyzing plants species or compatibility of plants with surroundings. The natural environment was analyzed and light environment was specially investigated to compare the ability of plants. The current situation and compatibility of plants were investigated according to the site and species. So, the result of the study should be implemented as valuable resources for improving the landscape spaces and plants of school in the future. The landscape design includes the followings: a survey of the present status, a site analysis, s schematic design, and the needs of students for design development. To create the landscape spaces, we proposed school spaces by the concept of eco- friendly of nature image. The university space was designed to have educational spaces like safety, green amenity and rest areas for the students which are designed to be harmonious with other surroundings. Based on that, some of the university space was specially proposed with CAD imagination work and all the results were accomodated under the concept of new strategy of university innovation for the future. Through the university space designed by this study, the university students ,faculties and other dwellers around university will have more opportunity of contact with nature and increase the value of university effectively.

This research has limitations in selecting firms and the scope of survey respondents; however, it is meaningful to focus on the color of plant out of ecological aspects for adopting the low growing plants into the landscape architecture. This research contributes to actively adopt and use the native low growing plants by consideration of appreciative view and help people select the plants for landscape design based on users' preferences. From now on, the systematic and continuous research should be conducted by expanding the species of plants and the scope of research on the low growing plants. Through this, the active way of utilizing Chamaephyte should be made in terms of visual aspects.

The purpose of this study was to offer the opportunity of contact with the nature to elementary school student by the creative educational space. We proposed educational space considering of the effects of environmental education, which transform plan into the system of nature image and effective space to ecological education space. The elementary school space is designed to be flexible in accommodating different time and events. It should be expected thin this design as following points: It will be improved environmental quality in elementary school, changed into the sustainable and environment-friendly green school as well. It will be energetic school as a living space for rest and ecological education. it will be improved the image of school and opened to the public. Through the elementary school space created by this plan, elementary school student will have more opportunity of contact with the nature.

This design proposal was made for the school forest plan of Samdeok Primary School and which goals were to realize the programs of making the school forest and removing the school wall. The results of developing programs could enhance the existing conditions of the school from the primary educational state to the sustain-able and friendly nature state.The site is located at 361 Samdeok-3ga, Jung-gu, Daegu and which is about 15,150㎡ and divided into 2 parts of design site of 150m in length, 15m in width respectively. The client suggested some guidelines to develop spaces of environmentally and educationally-friendliness without reducing athletic area. The design concepts are divided into 4 thematic activities such as Open Education, Outdoor Music Activity, Ecological Educational Activity and Social Interrelated Activity. The master plan has two seperated areas which are the main gate area and the back side of the school. The basic plan of the main gate area is characterized by the school forest which has Pine Tree Forest, Rock Shelter, Forest with Pictures and Books, Wild Flower Bed, Gravel Road, Outdoor Music Theater, Forest with Poets and Music, Monumental Sculptures. The back side area has also many various design components such as Decorated Seating Wall with Tree Shades and Bird Nests, Street Mini Park, Small Pond, Shaded Trees and Hedges. This project was constructed from May to June, 2005 as the first year budget of the school. But the limited budget cut down and reduced many parts of the whole design and that is the main problem of this project. The school could solve this problem gaining many kinds of funds from the various sources such as Deagu Metropolitan Office of Education and The P.T.A etc.

In order to work out statistics of environmental functions of indoor landscape plants in architectures, this study aims to conduct a simulation of how much control plants have over overheating phenomena in atria in summer, involve themselves in air current speed and maintain indoor comfort index, with a numerical analysis model. Thus, nine kinds of representative plants which are usually used for indoor environments were selected, and purified with two irrigations a day for two weeks. And then, their transpiration and photosynthesis amounts were measured three times with a photosynthesis analysis system LICO-6400 at 38℃, which is the highest temperature in the atrium in summer. The data were organized, and another three plants with similar transpiration and photosynthesis amounts were selected. The leaf area which accounts for 10% green zone rate inside the atrium was calculated, and the leaf surplus was removed. And then, the plants were left inside the atrium, and transpiration amount and temperature change were automatically measured for three hours. The maximum temperature change by transpiration of plants was found to be 2.21~2.92℃, which means 0.21~0.23℃ per every 100cm² of leaf area.It is hard to see air current change in atria as convection by plants as the change is at undetectible level with a distribution of 0.08~0.005m/s. However, if air current change is made with fans even in natural air current situations, air current becomes active inside atria as rather cold air moves upward. Therefore, if 0.5 m/s of air current change is made with upward and downward fans in atrium models, the air current speed in the entire atrium converges to the level which gives the most comfort to human.