We have focused on the building appearance according to the change of conservation policy and urban fabric in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved in modern contort from 1920's to 1960's, that is to say, many buildings(Urban Hanok) in Bukchon area has built up with a lot and road at the same time. But the change of conservation policy has an effect on the urban fabric and building(wooden structure, RC and brick building). Thus many types of building in Bukchon has undergone a various change. The purpose of this paper is to define a change factor of Bukchon buildings. Thus we need to pay attention to policy and urban fabric. We reached the result as follows. First, the change of architecture regulations according to the several policies(an aesthetic area, an altitude area for sky line restriction and so on) brought into building deformation and eventually the historic scenery of Bukchon has been spoiled. Second, the change of policy had an effect on the change of roads and lots. Buildings on a widen road and a united lot was built newly. But new buildings built up with a concrete or brick structure was not in harmony with the historic scenery of Bukchon area. Third, a development method of a large lot with lack prudence(disregarded a scale and size of lot) did damage to Urban hanok and urban fabric. With the understanding on the relationship of buildings, a urban fabric and a policy in Bukchon, we can define the identity and correspond with the urgent request for a the conservation of historic urban scenery In addition we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Bukchon, Seoul.

본 연구는 국도의 경관구성요소인 산, 하늘, 도로포장면, 가로수, 논밭, 간판ㆍ전신주, 건물, 구조체, 비탈면, 방호ㆍ방음벽, 중앙분리대의 시각량 분석을 통하여 시대별 경관변화를 파악한 결과, 1.국도의 경관구성요소 중 각 시대별로 가장 높은 시각량을 나타낸 것은 도로포장면으로서 국도경관을 분석 평가함에 있어서 도로의 선형은 시각적으로 중요한 구성요소의 하나로 다루어져야 함을 알 수 있었다. 2.국도의 시대별 경관변화는 중앙분리대(F＝33.296)와 가로수(F＝32.881)에 의한 차이가 가장 두드러진 것으로 나타났으며, 다음 순으로는 하늘(F＝24.735)과 산(F＝23.477)이 유사한 정도의 차이값을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 건물과 구조체는 통계적으로 차이가 없음이 판명되었다. 3.국도건설은 점차적으로 자연적 요소의 감소와 인공적 요소에 의한 경관이 주를 이루게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 이는 아직까지 국도건설이 경관적ㆍ생태적 건강성을 인지하고 있음에도 불구하고 접근성과 이동성의 기능중심의 논리에서 벗어나지 못하고 있는 현실적 문제를 보여주는 결과이다.

This study analyzes structural landscape changes over a time-series for a small and medium-sized city, Gangneung-Si, based on area and distribution patterns, and according to the type of land cover. Among the types of land cover, the area ratio of urbanized areas increased by 2.02% in the late 2010s as compared to the late 1980s, while there was a decrease of 2.69% in farmland and 0.69% in grassland areas. On analyzing the changes in land cover use by applying the Fragstats program, it was confirmed that landscape changes in urban and management areas were relatively severe according to the Landscape Shape Index, Largest Patch Index, and Aggregation Index. A pattern of concentrated expansion was also found around certain areas. In particular, from the analysis, it was established that the proportion of urbanized area had considerably increased and that the extent of farmland damage to management areas, including planned management areas, was large. Additionally, the Total Core Area generally indicated a reduction in the core areas of farmland and forest within urban and management areas. A medium-sized city showed significant changes besides large cities in terms of landscape structure. The developmental pressure on management areas, in particular, was quite high.

Seoullo7017, an elevated linear park, was created to redevelop obsolete road infrastructure as public space, which provides unique landscapes. This study was aimed to evaluate and suggest proper planting design for improving psychological benefits in Seoullo7017. Field survey and simulation experiment were carried out to investigate the user’s perception on the landscapes. Many users had negative feelings of the present landscapes in Seoullo7017, due to concrete pavement and simple planting design using big concrete pots. Landscape simulation experiment showed this perception could change depending on planting design. In especial, herb species played an important role in improving the quality of landscape in a linear park and providing positive feelings such as refreshment, warmth and naturalness. This study suggested that planting design in a linear space needs to be focused rather on the planting style and species than the volume of greens.

This study was designed to understand the change of rural landscape and to consider problems followed by development restrictions lifted for Neobiul Village in Ansan City, Korea. Physical landscape changes were comprehended by a field study and interview with local residents, and the residents’ perception regarding the landscape changes were analyzed with the REP investigation method. The results can be summarized into the following three points: First, due to the lift of development restrictions and the deregulation of land use, the number of factories and warehouses for rent increased, which became a new source of income for the village. Second, the residents’ complaints increased due to the increased traffic volume and waste from a sudden influx of factories and warehouses, which could not be handled by a small farming village. Third, a mix of landscape combining both city and farming village was formed due to the influx of external capital and the need of rental income, although the residents rather wanted Neobiul Village to become a residential village than a factory location. Furthermore, even in the farmlands near the village where development restrictions have not been lifted, the level of dependence on the farming industry has decreased as a consequence of the increase in farmland rent and weekend farms. This paper confirmed that the change of rural landscape followed by lifted development restrictions affects the everyday life of residents living in Neobiul Village. This study has significant implications in that it suggests a case showing the effects of national policies such as lifting development restrictions for rural villages in suburban areas.

The cultivation area of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has been increased for oil production and landscaping purpose in Korea. However, as the color of rapeseed flower is very simple, diversified flower color is necessary to improve landscape effect. Interspecific and intergeneric crosses between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and three Cruciferae crops were performed in order to grow diverse flower color of rapeseed. The silique formation rate of interspecific cross rapeseed with cabbage (B. oleracea L) was relatively high (65.8%) and higher than intergeneric cross with rapeseed and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), rapeseed and Orychophragmus, respectively. During silique developing period after artificial pollination, there were many siliques without seeds due to the failure of fertilization. The average number of seed per silique obtained from cross rapeseed and cabbage, rapeseed and radish, rapeseed and O. violaceus were 0.12, 0.4 and 0.12, respectively. The phenotypes of F1 hybrid plants from cross rapeseed and Cruciferae crops were mostly similar to maternal line, but leaf length and leaf width were increased. The interspecific cross of rapeseed and cabbage generated ivory color of flower which is the medium color of parents, and intergeneric cross of rapeseed and O. violaceus created entities with larger flowers which seems to enhance landscape effect. The fatty acid composition of most hybrid seeds intermediated of the two parents for oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, content. Whereas hybrid of rapeseed and radish produced less erucic acid than radish parent.

The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics of the landscape changes in Gwangjyu city and Icheon city, the suburban areas on the outskirts of the Seoul metropolitan area, by focusing on the causes of the urban sprawl and the resultant morphological characteristics of landscape degradation. Particular attention has been given to the ‘advantages for developing suburb including geographical proximity and land price’, ‘institutional regulation such as land-use regulation’ and ‘community solidarity’ as drivers for possible introduction of external factors. The types of landscape change were divided into three, after having on-the-ground research on eleven chosen towns and interviews with head of a village: Overwhelming Change, Separated and Small-Scale Change. It was found that, in general, the quality of landscape was best for the small-scale change type, followed by separated and overwhelming change types. While the types of landscape change are correlated with the geographical proximity, its relevance with land regulation is relatively weak. The study found that imposing a land-use regulation as a means to prevent changes in suburban village landscape may not be fully effective. Also it analyzed that villages could better manage with keen interest the surrounding landscape if there is a high degree of solidarity within the village community. Therefore, the sense of community could play an important complementary role to land-use regulation which does not suffice in itself to manage suburban landscape.

The main contents of revision of the rural landscape planning according to Landscape Law discussed in this study show that the urban landscape and rural landscape have a propulsion system which integrate them into the national landscape and manages through the landscape planning. However, management and conservation reflecting the fundamental difference between urban and rural areas are needed. Planning the landscape by generalizing the size of the population, administrative district, the surface area does not meet the ultimate purpose of the Landscape Law that tries to establish differentiated local landscapes. Therefore, the association of professionals who can support and establish a propulsion system for landscape planning with the consideration of regional characteristics. For the urban landscape, the landscape committee is fulfilling the role, but none is available for the rural areas. This study is mostly based on previous literatures, however, in the future, it is desirable to have selected pilot areas for different landscape types and review problems that may occur during the application and process, in order to establish the landscape guidelines for the rural landscape plan.

탄천은 송파구 관내를 완만한 경사로 흘러 한강과 합류하는 침식보다는 퇴적이 일어나는 하천으로 주변 도시확장에도 불구하고 제방사면 내부로는 둔치폭이 넓고 모래톱이 발달한 자연하천의 특성을 유지하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 탄천 생태 · 경관보전지역을 대상으로 지정이전인 2001년파 지정이후인 2007년의 생태계 특성을 현존식생과 야생조류군집구조 변화 특성을 중심으로 비교 · 분석하였다. 현존식생 분석결과 2007년 조사결과에 의하면 목본식물생육지 및 자생초지생육지가 2001년보다 8.8~9.7%의 증가하였으며 호안블럭으로 조성된 제방사면내 피복된 환삼덩굴은 약간 감소추세를 나타내었으나 여전히 대면적을 차지하고 있어 환삼덩굴에 의한 둔치 및 제방사면의 자연식생 피압 및 식생단순화가 계속되고 있었고, 상류부를 중심으로 급속도로 확산되고 있는 단풍잎돼지풀군락은 새로운 생태계 교란종으로 조사되었다. 수변 빛 모래톱은 2001년보다 약간 확대된 경향이 있었으나 미미한 차이를 나타내었으며 나지 및 공사지, 시가화지역은 중대된 경향을 나타내었다. 야생조류 변화상 조사결과, 전체적으로 2007년 조사 당시, 총 2,608개체가 관찰되었으며 2001년 1월 조사결과와 비교하여 50%정도의 개체수가 감소하였다. 특히, 탄천은 한강지류 중 겨울철에 가장 많은 오리류가 출현하는 지역이나 수면성오리류 중 쇠오리 감소가 뚜렷하였으며 그 외 흰뺨검퉁오리, 고방오리 등도 급격하게 줄어틀었다. 또한 탄천은 수면과 접한 모래 ·자갈퇴적공간이 자연발생적으로 형성되어 물떼새류와 할미새류의 서식환경에 척합한 지역이었으나 조사결과, 소수 개체만 발견되었다. 따라서 본 대상지가 생태·경관보전지역의 지정에도 불구하고 자전거도로, 지하철 및 교량공사 통에 의한 서식처 파괴. 인위적 간섭의 노출이 심하여 야생조류 개체수가 급감하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으므로 이에 따른 야생조류 서식처에 적합한 보전 및 복원방안이 요구되었다. 따라서 탄천 하천생태계의 안정화를 통한 생태 · 경관 보전지역으로서의 역할을 지속적으로 유지하기 위해 다음과 같은 사항을 제안한다 첫째, 둔치 폭이 넓으며 모래톱이 발달한 지역의 보전을 통한 오리류 물떼새류, 할미새류의 안정적 서식공간 확보 둘째, 환삼덩굴과 단풍잎돼지풀의 제거 및 하천 자생초본 빛 목본식물군락지로의 복원 셋째, 인위적 생태계 변화에 따른 식물분포 및 야생조류 서식 모니터링 넷째, 겨울 철새 급강의 직접적 원인으로 파악되는 인위적 공사지역의 공사완료 후 주변지역의 서식지 복원의 노력이다. 즉, 기존서식종의 현황파악에 기초하여 훼손지내 최적의 대체서식지 복원계획이 수립되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 생태-경관보전지역 지정 이후, 매년 지속적인 데이터 구축이 이루어지지 않았기 때문에 정확한 통계분석에 대한 한계점을 갖는다. 따라서 향후, 객관적인 자료의 수집이 지속적으로 이루어지기 위해서 연도별 생태계 자료의 구축이 필요하다. 구체적으로 강남구와 송파구에서 진행되고 있는 하천식생의 인위적 복원작업이 이루어진 장소 및 면적의 구체적인 파악이 이루어져야 하며 환삽덩굴의 자연적 도태나 확산, 물억새의 자연확산이나 식재지역내 도태 풍의 분석이 수행되어야 한다. 따라서 보다 실질적인 연구와 복원사업의 효과률 높이기 위해서는 복원사업에 대한 정확한 위치 및 연척, 복원내용을 상세히 기록하여 복원에 따른 영향연구가 가능하도록 해야 할 것이다. 또한 인위적 복원 및 훼손에 따른 야생조류의 도래 특성이 지속적으로 모니터링되어 생태 · 경관보전지역의 지정 의미에 부합되도록 관리방향이 구체적으로 수립되어 관리되어야 할 것이다. 이용 측면 에서 본 연구는 한 계절 이용패턴 조사결과에 의거하였으므로 향후, 사계절 이용패턴의 다양성을 고려하여 보전·이용을 고려한 친환경적인 계획 수립이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The goal of this research is to evaluate landscape-ecological characteristics of watersheds in the Nakdong River Basin by using Geogaphic Information System (GIS) and landscape indices for integation of spatio-temporal informations and multivariate statistical techniques for quantitative analysis of forest landscape. Fragmentation index and change matrix techniques using factor analysis and grid overlay method were used to efficiently analyze and manage huge amount of information for ecological-environmental assessment (land-cover and forest landscape patterns). According to the results based on the pattern analysis of land-cover changes using the change detection matrix between 1980s and 1990s, addition on 750km2 became urbanized areas. The altered 442.04km2 was agricultural areas which is relatively easy for shifting of land-use, and 205.1km2 of forests became urbanized areas, and average elevation and slope of the whole altered areas were 75m and 4˚. On the other hand, 120km2 of urban areas were changed into other areas (i.e., agricultural areas and green space), and fortunately, certain amount of naturalness had been recovered. But still those agricultural areas and fallow areas, which were previously urban areas, had high potential of re-development for urbanization due to their local conditions. According to the structural analysis of forest landscape using the landscape indices, the forest fragmentation of watersheds along the main stream of the Nakdong River was more severe than my other watersheds. Furthermore, the Nakdong-sangju and Nakdong-miryang watersheds had unstable forest structures as well as least amount of forest quantity. Thus, these areas need significant amount of forest through a new forest management policy considering local environmental conditions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonal changes in structure and landscape of Gongji stream corridor in Chuncheon, and to suggest some guidelines to contribute to creating a desirable close-to- nature stream. The study seasonally surveyed floodplain and revetment conditions, channel micro-topography, streamflow level and velocity, and vegetational cover. Flooding, water level, and vegetation were major factors of affecting seasonal changes in streambed structure and stream landscape. Small sand bars and islands were considerably disturbed by flooding and water level change. However, large islands and sand bars in the upper and middle section of the study stream remained or reappeared even after flooding. Flooding also tended to repeat channel sedimentation at the same spot. Controlling water volume of the Euiam Lake, which is adjacent to the study stream, caused higher water level downstream in the dry seasons. The majority of vegetation in sand bars and islands was washed away by the floods. Vehicle passing, crop cultivation, and ball game were other elements which disturbed vegetation in the floodplain. Creating a close-to-nature stream should reflect micro-topographical changes of channel by flooding, prevent improper vehicle entry and human use, and remove concrete material in the revetment and floodplain.

The city's countryside is adjusting to change by urbanization. The recent changes in rural landuse and damages of local landscape characteristics are very serious. But, few studies address the relationship between land-use and quality of landscape for these area. The aim of this study is to clarify causes and problems of the change through investigating changes of landscape as a function of land-use. The results are as follows 1) The change of landscape can be seen as a functional of land-use. Landscapes are characterized by changes of regional environments. These are the urban-rural fringe area which need special consideration for urban development and also for rural landscape quality. 2) 11 types of landscape patterns are found for landscape management. these are Regional commercial area, Apartment development, Recreation & seisure, Golfs, Housing complex, Industrial complex, Vinyl house, Rural village, Evaded facilities, Rivers, Cultural heritages. These landscape types are explained as 'stimuli-responses model'in Bryant's Forces of urbanization. 3) The policy implications of these study are as follows : First is the necessity of landscape management in Grown Management Zone and Natural Reserved Zone in the Metropolitan level, Second is the necessity of development control in semi- agricultural area. The last is the necessary of long range management plan in the urban-rural fringe area.