The electrification of transportation is expected to greatly contribute to achieving the global climate change target. This study analyzed technological competitiveness in the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) field based on patent family and citation index. Technology analysis was conducted by dividing FECV into six sub-technology areas based on IPC with fuel cell system, fuel cell technology, vehicle system, hydrogen storage and fueling, catalyst technology and etc. The largest number of patents are being filed in the fuel cell system technology field, and the fields with high growth rates over the past 10 years (2012-2022) were vehicle systems (12.4%) and hydrogen storage fuel field(11.5%). As of 2021, among global automakers, Toyota ranks the first in patent applications for FECV followed by Hyundai Motors in Korea, followed by Honda and Audi, with an average annual growth rate of 19.8%, the highest among competitors.

By developing a high-quality plexiglass sign using LED, it is possible to respond to international competitiveness and effectively cope with market expansion measures. The degree of inhalation of the fine dust blown by the air nozzle was tested so that it was not blown into the air. As a result of this test, the acrylic absorption rate was 82%, an increase of 20% from 60% before improvement, and the working environment was improved. With the development of the dust extraction device for the acrylic processing machine in this study, the suction and removal of acrylic fragments or dust is smoothly performed, resulting in a cleaner, more hygienic and improved safety through the improvement of the working environment. As a result of comparing the amount of burr generated in the plexiglass material and comparing the degree of test performance for reaching 24,000 rpm, it reached 24,000rpm.

The theoretical capacity of silicon-based anode materials is more than 10 times higher than the capacity of graphite, so silicon can be used as an alternative to graphite anode materials. However, silicon has a much higher contraction and expansion rate due to lithiation of the anode material during the charge and discharge processes, compared to graphite anode materials, resulting in the pulverization of silicon particles during repeated charge and discharge. To compensate for the above issues, there is a growing interest in SiOx materials with a silica or carbon coating to minimize the expansion of the silicon. In this study, spherical silica (SiO2) was synthesized using TEOS as a starting material for the fabrication of such SiOx through heating in a reduction atmosphere. SiOx powder was produced by adding PVA as a carbon source and inducing the reduction of silica by the carbothermal reduction method. The ratio of TEOS to distilled water, the stirring time, and the amount of PVA added were adjusted to induce size and morphology, resulting in uniform nanosized spherical silica particles. For the reduction of the spherical monodisperse silica particles, a nitrogen gas atmosphere mixed with 5 % hydrogen was applied, and oxygen atoms in the silica were selectively removed by the carbothermal reduction method. The produced SiOx powder was characterized by FE-SEM to examine the morphology and size changes of the particles, and XPS and FT-IR were used to examine the x value (O/Si ratio) of the synthesized SiOx.

PURPOSES : This study is to develop an comprehensive validation methodology for autonomous mobility-on-demand system with level 4 automated driving system. METHODS : The proposed method includes the quantitative techniques for validating both automated driving system and center system using each optimal indicators. In addition, a novel method for validating the whole system applying multi-criteria decision methodology is suggested. RESULTS : The relative weights for the vehicle system was higher than the center systems. Moreover, the relative weights of failure rate for validating the vehicle system was the highest, in addition to, a relative weight for accuracy of dynamic routing algorithm within center system was the highest. CONCLUSIONS : The proposed methodology will be applicable to validate the autonomous mobility on demand system quantitatively considering the relative weights for each systems.

This review paper aimed to comprehensively assess the ventilation methods and ventilation rates of livestock sheds, various livestock odor mitigation technologies, and the design flow rate of odor mitigation devices. The most efficient ventilation method for livestock odor control was found to be mechanical ventilation. When livestock odor is at its most severe during summer, ventilation systems are operated at the maximum ventilation rate, which is 5-25 times higher than the ventilation rate in winter. Therefore, the mitigation facilities of livestock odor must be designed while considering the maximum ventilation rate. There is a significant amount of research data on various livestock odor control technologies using various physical, chemical, biological, and complex technologies applied to livestock farms. Biofiltration and photocatalytic oxidation are considered the most promising methods due to their cost-effectiveness and simplicity. Biofiltration is effective for removing hydrophilic odors, but requires improvement for the efficient removal of hydrophobic odors and the control of accumulated excess biomass. The advantages of the photocatalytic oxidation method include its excellent hydrogen sulfide and ammonia removal rates and relatively low ozone emissions. However, it requires technology to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. Investment in installing and operating these odor mitigation technologies is only realistic for large-sized farms. Therefore, it is imperative for small and medium-sized livestock farms to develop odor mitigation technology that is inexpensive and has low installation, operation, and maintenance costs.

This study aimed to address the increasing demand for technologies preventing mushroom fly damage. By monitoring the annual occurrence patterns of pests over several years and accumulating data, we conducted an analysis to evaluate the efficacy of preventive measures applied before the surge in mushroom fly infestation, typically observed in May. For preemptive control, physical measures involved installing air curtains at cultivation facility entrances and placing sticky traps and insect traps around entry points to block external entry and reduce internal insect density. Additionally, we applied an organic agricultural material, Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract, weekly alongside chemical control measures. To assess the reduction in mushroom fly populations, yellow sticky traps (15×25 cm) were placed at three locations within the mushroom cultivation facility, and the occurrence patterns before and after implementing preventive measures were compared. Compared to conventional practices, the application of preventive techniques resulted in a significant reduction, with a 60% decrease from 15 levels of mushroom flies/m² to 6 levels of mushroom flies/m² in May and a 40% decrease from 10 levels of mushroom flies/m² to 6 levels of mushroom flies/m² in June. While achieving over 50% efficacy during the peak mushroom fly season with preventive measures, we identified complementary actions such as blocking external sources (gaps in cultivation facility doors) and maintaining cleanliness around cultivation facilities (proper disposal of spent substrate) for further improvement. Comprehensive analysis and safety studies, including correlation analysis with contaminants and pathogens, are recommended to ensure the widespread adoption of mushroom fly preventive techniques for safe and stable mushroom production in the agricultural sector.

대량유살 기술을 통한 총채벌레 방제 기술이 시설 고추재배지를 중심으로 개발되었다. 이 기술의 핵심 요인은 효과적 유인제 개발에 있다. 집합페로몬에 의존하였던 유인전략은 노지 재배지에서는 뚜렷한 효과를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 노지 고추재배지에서 총채벌레의 대량 유살을 위해 새로운 유인물질의 추가가 필요하였다. 또한 노지재배지에서 집합페로몬의 유인력 감소 원인을 규명할 필요가 있었다. 새로운 유인 물질로서 methyl isonicotinate (MIN)이 제시되었고, 이 물질이 실내 유인행동분석을 통해 총채벌레에 대한 자체 유인력은 물론이고 집합페로 몬과 협력효과를 보였다. 이를 바탕으로 집합페로몬과 혼합물 형태로 노지 고추재배지에서 분석한 결과 총채벌레의 포획밀도를 증가시켰다. 특 히 이러한 증가는 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 유인트랩에 집합페로몬의 함량 증가는 노지 고추재배지에 서 꽃노랑총채벌레는 물론이고 다른 총채벌레류의 포획밀도를 뚜렷하게 증가시켰다. 본 연구는 집합페로몬 유인력이 시설재배지와 노지재배지 사이에서 차이가 있으며, 노지 재배지의 경우 효과적 유인력을 발휘하기 위해서는 더욱 많은 집합페로몬 함량을 요구한다는 것을 밝혔다. 또한 본 연구는 집합페로몬에 MIN을 추가하여 꽃노랑총채벌레에 대한 고효율 유인제를 개발할 수 있는 기술을 제시한다.

본 연구는 콰욜라 작품에서 컴퓨터 알고리즘 기술이 주체로서, 인간이 재현한 이미지를 디지털 이미지로 재창조하는 데서 발생한 숭고적 의미와 특성을 고찰한다. 그리고 이를 통해 콰욜라 작품이 인간중심성을 비판적으로 성찰한다는 점을 살펴본다. 숭고에서 주체는 변형 되고 비결정화되어 이전과 다른 창조적 자아로 거듭난다. 숭고에서 주체의 이런 양상은 주체 로서 알고리즘 기술이 대상에 야기하는 현상과 유사하다. 알고리즘 기술은 대상을 데이터화 함으로써 대상에 창조적 잠재력을 준다. 데이터로서 비결정화 된 대상은 다른 존재들로 다시 변형되어 이전과 불일치할 가능성을 갖기 때문이다. ≪포로들 #B06 Captives #B06≫ (2014)과 ≪유적: 프로방스 Remains: Provance≫(2016)에서 알고리즘 기술은 대상을 변 형, 비결정화 하고 이전과 불일치하게 만들어 대상에 창조적 잠재력과 숭고적 특성을 준다. 그래서 인간 시각에 대한 차이를 발생시켜 인간 시각과 근본적으로 같지만 다른 형태를 지 니는 기계의 시각을 제시한다. 그리하여 알고리즘 기술은 인간이 기계의 시각을 통해 자신에 대한 메타적 보기를 가능케 한다.

This study aimed to develop virtual reality (VR)-based content on surgical aseptic techniques for nursing students and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The content was developed following the system development life cycle, involving analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. Experts and fourth-year nursing students validated the content for its validity and usability of the content. The study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023. Results: The VR content was developed using Keller's ARCS motivational design model (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) as the fundamental strategy. Upon applying the VR content developed in this study, the research participants confirmed the values of the following sub-factors: confidence (3.86 out of 5), relevance (3.74 out of 5), attention (3.68 out of 5), and satisfaction (3.65 out of 5). Conclusion: VR-based surgical content on aseptic techniques demonstrates potential benefits for nursing students. Therefore, through systematic development and utilizing of diverse nursing skill content, we can enhance the core competencies of nursing students, providing them with high-quality practical education.

This study aimed to develop virtual reality (VR)-based content on surgical aseptic techniques for nursing students and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The content was developed following the system development life cycle, involving analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. Experts and fourth-year nursing students validated the content for its validity and usability of the content. The study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023. Results: The VR content was developed using Keller's ARCS motivational design model (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) as the fundamental strategy. Upon applying the VR content developed in this study, the research participants confirmed the values of the following sub-factors: confidence (3.86 out of 5), relevance (3.74 out of 5), attention (3.68 out of 5), and satisfaction (3.65 out of 5). Conclusion: VR-based surgical content on aseptic techniques demonstrates potential benefits for nursing students. Therefore, through systematic development and utilizing of diverse nursing skill content, we can enhance the core competencies of nursing students, providing them with high-quality practical education.

Based on my attendance at the CIPA International Symposium(CIPA2023) organized by the International Scientific Committee on Heritage Documentation(ICOMOS), this paper explored research cases applying digital technologies, including BIM, to architectural heritage. The researches presented at this symposium were categorized into specific areas: data acquisition, data management, data sharing&experience. Through this classification, an analysis of research cases in architectural heritage utilizing digital technology was conducted. By categorizing the 43 academic papers from the CIPA2023 based on research themes, trends in the digital architecture field were analyzed, providing insights into future research directions for the digital acquisition, management, sharing, and experiential aspects of Korean architectural heritage. In conclusion, it is deemed necessary to reference and supplement the methodologies, including algorithms, workflows, and approaches developed in each study, to effectively apply methodologies suitable for the characteristics of Korean architectural heritage and its data.

In this study, project information of government-funded research institute in the food field was collected and analyzed to systematically identify the factors affecting the process of transferring technological achievements of public research institute to the private sector. This study hypothesized that human resources, financial resources, and technological characteristics as input factors of R&D projects affect output factors, such as research papers or patents produced by R&D projects. Moreover, these outputs would serve as drivers of the technology transfer as one of the R&D outcomes. Linear Regression Analysis and Poisson Regression Analysis were conducted to empirically and sequentially investigate the relationship between input factors and output and outcome of R&D projects and the results are as follows: First, the principle investigator's career and participating researcher's size as human resource factors have an influence on both the number of SCI (science citation index) papers and patent registration. Second, the research duration and research expenses for the current year have an influence on the number of SCI papers and patent registrations, which are the main outputs of R&D projects. Third, the technology life cycle affects the number of SCI papers and patent registrations. Lastly, the higher the number of SCI papers and patent registrations, the more it affected the number of technology transfers and the amount of technology transfer contract.

As markets and industries continue to evolve rapidly, technology opportunity discovery (TOD) has become critical to a firm's survival. From a common consensus that TOD based on a firm’s capabilities is a valuable method for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and reduces the risk of failure in technology development, studies for TOD based on a firm’s capabilities have been actively conducted. However, previous studies mainly focused on a firm's technological capabilities and rarely on business capabilities. Since discovered technologies can create market value when utilized in a firm's business, a firm’s current business capabilities should be considered in discovering technology opportunities. In this context, this study proposes a TOD method that considers both a firm's business and technological capabilities. To this end, this study uses patent data, which represents the firm's technological capabilities, and trademark data, which represents the firm's business capabilities. The proposed method comprises four steps: 1) Constructing firm technology and business capability matrices using patent classification codes and trademark similarity group codes; 2) Transforming the capability matrices to preference matrices using the fuzzy function; 3) Identifying a target firm’s candidate technology opportunities using the collaborative filtering algorithm; 4) Recommending technology opportunities using a portfolio map constructed based on technology similarity and applicability indices. A case study is conducted on a security firm to determine the validity of the proposed method. The proposed method can assist SMEs that face resource constraints in identifying technology opportunities. Further, it can be used by firms that do not possess patents since the proposed method uncovers technology opportunities based on business capabilities.

The consumption of enoki mushrooms has been associated with cases of listeriosis produced by Listeria monocytogenes, highlighting the significance of sanitizing food-contact surface, such as the velcro used in welding processing of enoki mushrooms, to ensure microbial safety. We investigated the inhibitory activity of nine chemical disinfectants at regular concentrations against L. monocytogenes isolated from a mushroom farm environment. The bacterial suspension was prepared in phosphate buffered saline and mushroom extract broth and inoculated onto the velcro surface. After inoculation, most disinfectants reduced the initial 8 log CFU/coupon concentration by less than 2 log CFU/coupon during a 5-min treatment. Slightly acidic hypochlorous water showed a reduction of approximately 4 log CFU/coupon when tested for more than 30 min at the maximum allowable concentration of 200 mg/L. Sodium hypochlorite solution showed a reduction of approximately 5 log CFU/coupon when used at 100 mg/L for 60 min. Peracetic acid, at the maximum allowable concentration of 300 mg/L, showed the most effective reduction of 5 log CFU/coupon or more when the surface was treated with 37.5 mg/L for 30 min. These results indicate that peracetic acid can be used as the disinfectant strategy to control cross-contamination of L. monocytogenes on the velcro surface of plastic wrappers used in the welding processing of enoki mushrooms.

본 연구의 목적은 재료분야 국내 공동특허의 공동 출원인 정보를 이용하여 연구협력 네트워크의 구조, 특징, 진화를 탐구하는 것이다. 이를 위해 재료 기술분야(금속, 세라믹, 고분자 등 6개 기술분야) 및 혁신주체(산업계, 학계, 연구계)의 네트워크 구조 및 동태를 정량적으로 분석하며, 2010년∼2021년까지 한국의 공동특허 데이터를 활용하여 소셜 네트워크 분석(SNA)을 사용한다. 분석결과, 재료분야는 세부기술별로 네트워크의 차별점이 존재하며, 산업계, 학계, 연구계 등 혁신주체별 협력 강도의 명백한 단계별 특성을 가진다. 연구협력 네트워크의 규모는 점차 확장되어 ‘작은 세계’ 구조를 보여주고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 재료 정책 관점에서 지금까지 시행된 재료분야 산학연 협력 정책의 효과를 파악하는데 정책적 시사점을 제공함과 동시에, 보다 효과적인 재료 혁신주체 간의 네트워크를 구축하기 위한 근거 기반의 정책 수립에 도움이 될 수 있다.

본 연구에서는 기술경영전문대학원 교과과정 구성에 대한 교원과 산업체의 인식차이에 대해서 조사하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 IS2020 가이드라인과 기술경영전문 대학원 학위과정을 운영하는 대학들의 커리큘럼 현황을 바탕으로 ‘기술경영학 핵심영역’ 및 ‘기술경영학 교과목’의 중요요인들을 도출하고, 설문을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, ‘기술경영학 핵심영역’의 ‘학문적 중요도’, ‘실무적 중요도’의 경우 각각 교원은 ‘기초’, ‘프로젝트’ 영역을, 산업체는 ‘방법론’, ‘기술’ 영역을 가장 중요하게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ‘기술경영학 교과목’의 ‘학문적 중요도’, ‘실무적 중요도’의 경우 교원은 ‘기술경영개론’, ‘기술경영프로젝트’ 과목을, 산업체는 ‘기술경영 연구방법론’, ‘기술경영 프로젝트’ 과목을 가장 중요하게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과물은 향후 IS2020과 같이 기술경영학 교과과정에 대한 Frame work를 구성하는데 참고할 수 있는 학술적 의의가 있다. 나아가 향후 기술경영 전문대학원 등 직장인 재교육 학위과정을 운영하는 대학에서 학계와 산업계의 시각을 반영하여, 보다 효과적인 교육과정을 구성하는데 실무적으로 활용할 수 있는 함의를 갖고 있다.