In this paper, the vibration control effect of the isotropic damping devices (so-called Kagome dampers) was investigated by applying the Kagome dampers to a 20-story frame structure apartment. A new Kagome Damper System (KGDS) composed of the dampers and supporting column was proposed and numerical analyses were performed to investigate the effects of stiffness ratio between controlled structure and supporting column, the damper size and the number of the dampers. The numerical analysis results of a structure with KGDS up to the third story showed that the stiffness ratio should be higher than 6.4 and the damper size be at least 700×700mm to effectively reduce the base shear and the maximum drift of the uppermost story. When the KGDS was installed up to the fifth story, the stiffness ratio should be higher than 7.0 and damper size needs to be at least 500×500mm for obtaining the target performance

Recently a new damper system with Kogome truss structure was developed and its mechanical properties were verified based on the laboratory test. This paper presents a Kagome truss damper external connection method for seismic strengthening of RC frame structural system. The Kagome external connection method, proposed in this study, consisted of building structure, Kagome damper and support system. The method is capable of reducing earthquake energy on the basis of the dynamic interaction between external support and building structures using Kagome damper. The pseudo-dynamic test, designed using a existing RC frame apartment for pilot application of LH corporation, was carried out in order to verify the seismic strengthening effects of the proposed method in terms of the maximum load carrying capacity and response ductility. Test results revealed that the proposed Kagome damper method installed in RC frame enhanced conspicuously the strength and displacement capacities, and the method can resist markedly under the large scaled earthquake intensity level.

A dynamic displacement estimation system is developed by integrating laser Doppler vibromter (LDV) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). The system includes hardware level integration for simultaneous measurement of two devices and data fusion of two measurement signals based on Kalman filter smoothing algorithms. For hardware integration of two devices, the laser beam directions and the triggering of measurement of LDV and LiDAR are controlled on the level of built-in commands of the devices. The distance data sequentially measured by LiDAR is converted to dynamic displacement of high noise and low sampling rate, and fused with the velocity measured by LDV which has high sampling rate and low noise but accumulated bias error when integrated. Using the Kalman filter based data fusion algorithm, it is able to estimate dynamic displacement in which the drawbacks of two devices are effectively removed. The proposed system is applied to a dynamic loading test on a highway bridge and the performance is verified.

유용 참나무 선발을 목적으로 도입된 루브라참나무는 1972 년 원산지로부터 도입하여 적응성 검정 결과 생장과 재질이 우수하고 적응력이 뛰어나, 1991년 추가로 23개 산지를 도입 하여 각 산지별 75본씩 소규모 산지시험을 하였다. 그 결과 New York와 Vermont주 루브라참나무의 수고생장이 우수하 였고, Minnesota주와 Virginia의 생장이 불량하였다. 직경생장에서도 수고생장과 유사한 결과가 나왔으며, 특히 수고생장 이 불량한 Minnesota주와 Virginia주는 직경생장도 불량 하 였고, 직경생장이 우수한 지역인 Illinois주와 Vermont주의 수고 생장은 상위 그룹에 속하였다. 수종별 생장에서 루브라 참나무는 상수리나무보다 약 30% 생장이 우수하고, 알바참 나무와는 약 300% 생장이 우수하였다. 특히 재적생장에서 루 브라참나무는 상수리나무보다 약 3배가량 재적생장량이 좋았 다. 수간의 형태적 특징에 따른, 통직성 조사시 가장 우수한 산지는 캐나다의 Qubec주의 Beloeill 산지였고, 가장 불량한 산지는 Wisconsin주의 Sauk Country 산지로 나타났다. 특히, 가장 우수한 Qubec주의 Beloeill 산지는 우리나라 향토 수종 인 상수리나무(Control) 보다 생장에서 약 3.5배 우량한 특징 을 보였다. Beloeill 산지는 다른 산지들에 비해 수간이 통직 하고 우량하여 우리나라의 기후 풍토에 잘 적응하는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 생장과 통직성 조사시 우수한 산지는 북위 43～46°에 분포하는 미국의 New York주와 캐나다 Qubec주 의 루브라참나무가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 루브라참 나무는 국내 수종인 상수리나무보다 생장이 우수하고, 로버참 나무와 알바참나무보다 적응력이 뛰어나 유망해 보여 도입수 종으로서 산지자원화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The effect of elevation and meteorological elements is analyzed in Jeju Island for analysis of evapotranspiration with two different height observation station during 3 years data. The slope of temperature gradient recorded 1.30 ℃/100 m from the analysis of temperature data. There is much difference evapotranspiration between low elevation and high elevation station because of decrease solar radiation and wind speed with height increase. The evapotranspiration is observed by mini lysimeter at Hankukgonghang. The result of observation is presented 34.2% of global solar radiation changed into evapotranspiration during 4 clear days.

The mean wind speed and turbulence intensity profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer were extracted from a LIDAR remote sensing campaign in order to apply for CFD validation. After considering the semi-steady state field data requirements to be used for CFD validation, a neutral atmosphere campaign period, in which the main wind direction and the power-law exponent of the wind profile were constantly maintained, was chosen. The campaign site at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, surrounded by 40~50m high hills, with an apartment district spread beyond the hills, is to be classified as a semi-complex terrain. Nevertheless, wind speed profiles measured up to 100m above the ground fitted well into a theoretical-experimental logarithmic-law equation. The LIDAR remote-sensing data of the sub-layer of the atmospheric boundary layer has been proven to be superior to the data obtained by conventional extrapolation of the wind profile with 2 or 3 anemometer measurements.

The eight provenances of northern red oak (Q. rubra L.) were introduced from Canada and USA to select suitable seed sources for Korean environment in 1988. The seeds were sown on the nursery of the Korea Forest Research Institute at Suwon in 1989. The gro