The key objective of this study was to evaluate trophic state and empirical water quality models along with analysis of fish trophic guilds in relation to water chemistry (N, P). Trophic state index (TSI), based on total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a (CHL), ranged between oligotrophic and hypereutrophic state, by the criteria of Nürnberg(1996), and was lower than the trophic state of total nitrogen (TN). Trophic relations of Secchi depth (SD), TN, TP, and CHL were compared using an empirical models of premonsoon (Pr), monsoon (Mo), and postmonsoon (Po). The model analysis indicated that the variation in water transparency of Secchi depth (SD) was largely accounted (p < 0.001, range of R2 : 0.76–0.80) by TP during the seasons of Mo and Po and that the variation of CHL was accounted (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.70) up to 70% by TP during the Po season. The eutrophication tendency, based on the TSITP vs. TSIN:P were predictable (R2 ranged 0.85–0.90, p < 0.001), slope and y intercept indicated low seasonal variability. In the mean time, TSIN:P vs. TSICHL had a monsoon seasonality in relation to values of TSIN:P during the monsoon season due to a dilution of reservoir waters by strong monsoon rainfall. Trophic compositions of reservoir fish reflected ambient contents of TN, TP, and CHL in the reservoir waters. Thus, the proportions of omnivore fish increased with greater trophic conditions of TP, TN and CHL and the proportions of insectivore fish decreased with greater trophic conditions.

한반도의 몬순 특성을 알아보기 위해 한반도 61개 지점 자료를 가지고 EOF 분석을 수행하였다. 기온의 EOF 분석 결과 한반도에는 동북아시아 몬순과 반도규모의 몬순이 주요 모드로 나타났다. 가장 큰 모드는 동북아시아 몬순에 대해서 한반도 전체가 추워지는 겨울철 패턴은 북풍이나 반대로 한반도 전체가 따뜻해지는 여름철 남풍과 관계가 있다. 이러한 몬순의 형태는 잘 알려진 시베리아 고기압이나 북태평양 고기압과 같은 대륙규모의 해양-육지 간의 비열 차이와 이에 따른 순환과 연관이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 대륙 규모의 몬순과 더불어 반도규모의 한반도 몬순순환이 존재하는 것을 밝혔는데, 이 순환은 기온과 동서류와의 관계로 잘 설명되며 한반도 중심이 냉각/가열될 때 한반도 중심에서부터 해양으로 동서류가 발산/수렴하는 전형적인 몬순의 패턴이 구조를 나타났다. 강수의 주요 모드는 연주기 변동으로 여름철에 강수가 집중되는 현상을 나타내었다.

The observed relationships between the Asian summer monsoon and the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northwestern Pacific (NW Pacific) are verified using the intermediate complexity global climate model (GCM) (Planet Simulator: PLASIM). The climate responses over Asia for the monsoon season to forcing from NW Pacific SST anomalies are simulated in the GCM with the enhanced SST anomalies in the NW Pacific for the pre-monsoon season compared to climatological SST. During the pre-monsoon season, the enhanced SST anomalies result in an increase in lower-level convection and precipitation in the NW Pacific. A significantly weakened Indian summer monsoon is simulated for the enhanced SST experiment in the NW Pacific for the pre-monsoon season (p-value＜0.05). PLASIM dose a good job at representing the observed patterns of zonally averaged surface temperature, precipitation, and 850 hPa u-wind, although with some regional differences from observations (p-values of zonal correlation coefficients＜0.01).

Meteosat-5 IR 위성영상을 사용하여 1999년과 2000년 여름몬순기간 동안 발생한 네팔과 인디아 북쪽 히말라야 산악지역에 발생하는 여러 형태의 대류계 즉, 중규모 대류계들 (Mesoscale Convective Complex, MCC and Convective Cloud Clusters, CCC) 와 보다 약한 Disorganized Short-lived Convection (DSL)의 이동특성 및 시공간적인 생성특성 등을 조사하였다. 대상지