본 논문에서는 실제 공연장을 예제 건물로 하여 공연장에 발생한 진동을 측정한 결과를 바탕으로 공연장 구조물의 안전성에 대해 해석적으로 평가하였다. 수치해석 프로그램은 MIDAS GEN을 사용하였으며, 바닥판은 합성효과를 고려하여 모델링 하였다. 해석결과 진동계측실험을 통해 구한 바닥판 고유진동수와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 또한 군중의 율동에 의한 동적하중을 시간이력해석으로 해석하여 진동계측 실험과 유사한 수준의 바닥판 가속도 응답을 확인하였다. 이 모델을 사용하여 예제 공연장의 최대관람인원인 400명의 집단율동 시 발생하는 상황에 대하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 기둥과 보의 가해지는 외력은 설계 내력을 하회하여 안전성에 문제없음을 확인하였다. 또한 공연 시 발생하는 수평방향 진동수준은 지진하중의 2% 수준으로 수직수평 모두 안전성에 문제가 없는 것을 확인하였다.

교면포장이라 함은 교통하중의 반복재하, 충격작용, 우수, 기타 환경하중으로부터 교량의 구조물(상판)을 보호함과 동시에 사용자를 위한 쾌적한 주행성 및 안정성 제공을 목적으로 시공되는 포장체를 의미한다. 이에 따라 교면포장은 높은 내구성, 시공 및 공정관리를 필요로 하며, 우수한 구조적 성능유지를 위해 우선적으로 신・구 콘크리트 간의 완전부착을 통한 일체거동이 확보되어야 한다. 일반적으로 국내 고속도로의 신설 교면포장을 시행함에 있어 신・구 콘크리트간의 부착성능을 향상시키기 위해 바닥판 콘크리트의 레이턴스 제거 공정을 시행하고 있으며, 이에 해당되는 경계면처리 방식에는 인력파쇄, 로드커터, 워터블라스트, 숏블라스트, 샌드블라스트, 평삭기, 워터젯 등 다양한 면처리 방법이 적용되고 있다. 상기 파쇄장비들의 사용목적은 복합 구조체를 형성함에 있어 접합면의 이물질 및 바닥판 콘크리트 표면의 취약부에 의한 부착성능 저하 요소를 제거하고자 함에 있으나, 각 파쇄장비의 적용에 따른 경계면처리 시 높은 파쇄에너지로 인해 바닥판 콘크리트 표면에 손상을 주어 오히려 신・구 콘크리트간의 부착성능이 저하되는 요인이 될 우려가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 신설교면포장의 경계면처리 방식에 사용되는 장비 중 로드커터, 숏블라스트, 평삭기 적용구간을 시험변수로 선정하여 경계면처리 시행구간에 대한 코어채취를 시행, 파쇄장비의 적용에 따른 바닥판 콘크리트의 균열발생 유무 및 균열크기 등에 대해 분석하였다. 파쇄장비 적용에 따른 균열특성을 분석하기 위하여, 장비사용에 따른 4가지 변수(로드커터, 평삭, 블라스팅, 무처리)에 해당하는 현장코어를 사용하여 전자현미경(HT003C)을 통한 표면 균열발생 여부 및 균열크기 분석을 시행하였고, 바닥판 콘크리트에 사용된 쇄석골재(20EA) 또한 표면 균열특성 분석을 시행하였다

Composite Floor system infilled with PCM(Phase Change Material) between upper and lower steel plates was developed to apply the steel frame. When steel frames were applied this system, it can absolutely reduce the duration of construction due to dry construction method. However to apply this system as a structural floor member without fire resistance covering, it must have 2 hours fire resistance performance. Because PCM consisted of three quarters of section with thermal insulation performance, fire resistance performance of this floor system was expected to easily have 2 hours fire resistance performance. This paper was to investigate behavior characteristics of PCM infilled floor system at elevated temperature using FEM analysis to develop the fire resistance performance of it.

Numerical models of composite floor systems with various thickness of phase change material and sizes of circular spacers were developed based on finite element analysis. In order to perform a heat transfer analysis, thermal properties of steels were determined and those of phase change material were estimated from experiment results. In addition, the thermal insulation performance of composite floor systems with respect to different thickness of phase change material and sizes of circular spacers was predicted. To verify the validity of analysis, analysis results were compared with vertical furnace fire test results of equivalent conditions. As a result, available thicknesses of phase change material and sizes of circular spacers were proposed to satisfy the thermal insulation criteria of Korean Standards.

FRP composites bridge deck has advantages of structural characteristics and rapid construction in the replacements of the deteriorated bridge deck. Although FRP composites have many advantages, the application in the bridge design has been retarded so far due to the lack of design guidelines. In this paper, the design example for the FRP decked concrete composite girder bridges is presented to verify the proposed design method. The design of connection in the design example is the flexible hybrid shear connection included steel reinforcements and FRP tubes. Finally, this paper may be design guideline for FRP decked concrete composite girder bridges required the composite action.

Recently, the fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) materials have been recognized as advanced materials for bridge construction. The FRP bridge deck system has advantages to construct rapidly, its durability. The FRP bridge decks have accepted as a method of deteriorated reinforced concrete bridge deck replacement. For application, design method details and connections for FRP bridge decks will be provided. In this paper, the design method, deck design and connections details on FRP decked precast, prestressed concrete girder bridges is presented. In this study, the design method of efficient connection between FRP deck and concrete girder is proposed with composite action. The schematic of proposed modular FRP panel deck-to-concrete girder connection is also presented, which is the flexible hybrid shear connection included steel reinforcements and FRP tubes. The FRP deck-to-concrete girder hybrid connection system should be improved with further refinement and experimental program. Finally, it is hoped that this paper will be guideline for research and development on this subject field for researchers and engineers

This paper dealt with the applicability of GFRP materials as reinforcements for a steel box girder bridge deck. The purpose of this study is to provide detailed design procedures with a code-based text for GFRP composites for civil engineering structures. From the example design, the deck was optimized from a serviceability perspective but was quite overdesigned with regard to flexural strength and creep rupture stress, due to its relatively low longitudinal modulus but high strength. We may conclude from these results that it is advisable to check the serviceability limits before optimizing the design for strength or starting the design from the serviceability calculation.

In this study, environmental new feeding and management system that are suitable for hot and cool water supply and floor heating system was developed and analyzed the effect for productivity and meat quality with supplying hot water in winter, the results were as follow as. HWSS was not affecting improvement with broiler productivity in initial time. Supplying hot water made the temperature inside broiler barn not go down rapidly as time went by from former term to latter term and continuous supplying hot water made boiler be adapted properly to the temperature and humidity of breeding environment that was requiring at its own growth phases. With unsaturated fatty acid / saturated fatty acids, HWSS was higher in broiler breast but CWSS was higher in the leg. With AST, ALT in blood, HWSS is higher than CWSS but with neutral lipid, protein, glucose, albumin, cholesterol, HWSS is higher than CWSS. Water circulation heating system gave an impact on meat quality and PH showed a higher in CWSS system. Also, redness and yellowness of the meat color was confirmed to be greater in HWSS. It was proved that the temperature difference of drinking water affected farm productivity, the blood and flesh quality, therefore, that could be estimated to be utilized successfully, if that should be used appropriately for productivity improvement according to the week-old of growth phase.

The load-end slip relation of the steel-concrete decks is formulated by Newmark theory. Using the proposed load-end slip relation model, a simple bond model, which can be used to evaluate the behavior of the steel-concrete decks, is proposed. The steel-concrete decks are analyzed by finite element analysis with the aid of the proposed bond model. In the finite element analysis, the shear connectors between the steel plate and the concrete are modeled by a number of spring elements. The results of the finite element analysis with the proposed bond model are fairly correlated with the experimental results of the full-size model. This study furthermore indicates that, if the proposed bond model is properly used in the analysis of steel-concrete composite deck, the behavior of the composite deck can be easily analyzed without the aid of the full-size experiment.

In this study we developed an integrated precast concrete decks for a rapid construction. The structural performance in the integrated precast bridge decks is evaluated by real-scale test bed and detailed finite element analyses. The numerical analysis results were compared with the experimental data from a real-scaled single-span precast/prestressed concrete bridge decks under truck loading. Parametric studies are focused on the various effects of external loads on the structural behavior for different locations and measuring points on the precast bridge decks. The assessment in this study indicates that the integrated precast bridge decks show an excellent structural performance as expected.