In December, 2007 the present writer wrote a paper on the errors in interpretation in which I raised an objection to the two Korean professors' translation of ‘hole’ which appear in the first stanza of “Coole Park and Ballylee, 1931” into Korean 구멍. Instead, the present writer insisted that ‘hole’ means ‘a deep place in a body of water’, one of the definitions of the word as described in Webster's Third New International Dictionary in that the meaning harmonizes well with the whole poem. But in May, 2009, Mr. Kim, Sangmoo, Professor Emeritus of Young Nam University read his paper to the effect that the present writer was wrong. His paper subjected the present writer to a thorough examination into the matter. In the course of close examination, the present writer came upon a book entitled A Yeats Dictionary. The present writer consulted the book for some hint leading to the solution of the present issue. At last the present writer found what he wanted in its entry, Coole Park. It read, "The lake further fascinated Yeats because its only drain was a narrow subterranean passage which caused the lake to double and treble its size in winter." All quess-works are needed no more. The present writer had to own that he made a mistake by his hasty conclusion. The ‘hole’ was the only drain in Coole lake, so that its translation into ‘구멍’ in Korean does not mar the meaning of the poem. In addition, this research proved fruitful in some other way. In the process of solving the above-mentioned point in question, the present writer faced a problematical and arbitrary way of Prof. Kim's presenting his argument in his paper. This gave the present writer a motivation to suggest, although in a crude way, a desirable mode of presenting arguments in paper.

Education usually begins with setting a suitable goal. The education of interpreters/translators is no exception here. As the profession of interpreting/translation is based on practical business, the training of interpreters/translators is to be influenced by diverse business-related variables, including supply and demand of interpreters/translators. We should therefore take these variables into consideration when we set a goal for interpreter/translator education. Interpreting/translation education in Korea has been till now an elite training at the graduate level, With the diversification of interpreting/translation modes and languages, however, we need an increasing number of interpreters/translators with various focuses (court interpreting, document translators etc.). That is why interpreting/translation education at the undergraduate level is inevitable. We start this paper with analysis of the current situation of the Korean interpreting/translation market, utilizing statistical data. Then, general goal and principles of interpreter/translator education which are derived from the analysis are presented. Setting a goal, the bond with the social and educational demand should be taken into consideration. Again from these principles and previous researches, we suggest a curriculum and pedagogic methodology for future interpreter/ translator education, with an example of Korean-German department. We put a focus on Interpreting/translation practice as well as acquisition of language, linguistic, translational theories and general knowledge.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the current state of W. B. Yeats’s poems in Korean translation. My examination includes nearly all of the Korean translations of the quoted verse lines of Yeats’s poems appearing in The Yeats Journal of Korea between 2006 and 2008, and parts of translations of Yeats’s works published as separate volumes by the Yeats Society of Korea since 2003. Although so far three generations of scholars have actively engaged in Yeats studies and translation of his works since 1945 when academic research on the poet began in Korea, the translation endeavours by the second and third generation scholars have not yielded satisfactory results and that the senior group of scholars cannot shirk its responsibility.The problem areas in the translations include choice of words and phrases, tense adjustment, versification and punctuation as well as scene description and poetic imagining. Following a detailed discussion of inappropriate and awkward translations, I offer my own translation for comparison if need be.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 국내에서 Sensory Profile(SP) 평가도구를 적합하게 사용하기 위해 역번역 방법을 통하여 SP 평가도구를 한국어로 체계적으로 번역하고자 한다. 연구방법 : SP의 번역 작업은 총 6단계를 거쳐서 진행되었다. 첫 번째 단계로 작업치료사 3명이 SP 125개 항목을 한글로 번역하였다. 두 번째 단계는 2개 국어(영어, 한국어)를 사용하는 작업치료사 3명에게 5점 척도로 한글 번역의 적합성을 검증하도록 하였다. 세 번째 단계로 부적절한 번역항목을 수정한 뒤 장애아동의 부모 12명을 대상으로 평가항목에 대한 이해도를 조사하였다. 네 번째 단계는 이해도가 낮은 항목을 수정 한 뒤 번역 검증 위원회에서 최종 수정하였다. 다섯 번째 단계로 번역 전문가에게 의뢰하여 최종 한글 번역본을 영어로 역번역하였다. 마지막으로 2개 국어를 사용하는 재활전문가 1명과 영어가 모국어인 자 2명에게 원문과 역번역본간의 언어의 구조적 유사성과 의미 전달의 유사성을 평가하도록 하였다. SP원문과 역번역본간 문장의 의미전달 유사성의 점수가 3점(보통)이상이 될 때까지 이 과정을 반복 시행하였다. 결과 : 한글로 번역된 SP 125개 항목에 대한 번역 적합성을 검증한 결과 6개항목이 부적절한 것으로 나타났다. 1차 수정한 뒤 125개 항목의 이해도를 평가한 결과 14개 항목이 이해도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 2차 수정 후 번역 검증 위원회를 거쳐 한글 번역본을 완성하였다. 한글번역본을 영어로 역번역 한 뒤 원문과 비교한 결과 문장 구조의 유사성에서는 50개 항목, 문장의 의미전달의 유사성에서는 43개 항목이 낮은 점수를 받았다. 이 항목들에 대해서 한글번역 항목을 수정한 뒤 영어로 2차 역번역하였고, 원문과 비교한 결과 문장 구조의 유사성에서는 25개 항목, 문장의 의미전달의 유사성에서는 22개 항목이 낮은 점수를 얻어 한글 항목을 재수정 하였다. 3차 역번역 검증 결과 모든 항목이 SP원문과 역번역본간에 문장의 의미전달의 유사성에서 3점(보통)이상으로 수정해야 할 항목은 없었다. 결론 : 한글번역, 번역의 적합성 검증, 평가항목의 이해도 검증, 번역 검증 위원회, 역번역 검증의 엄격한 번역 절차를 통해 SP 평가도구의 국내적용을 위한 내용타당도를 높였다.

Kinds of 《Lao Qi Da》 was the study book of Chinese used from the 14th century to the 18th century.<BR> This is the important materials to be known as the linguistic features of those days in reflecting used Chinese in an age of the Won, Myung, and Cheong.<BR> One of those, 《FanYi Lao Qi Da》, is the study book of Chinese which is translated Korean based on Chinese Character between the orthoepist and the popular pronunciations by Choi, Se-Jin in the Chosun Dynasty era.<BR> The Verb-complement organizes Resultative Complements, Directional complements, Degree Adverb Complement, Potential Complements, Quantifier Complements showed 《FanYi Lao Qi Da》. However, this article was not explained about the complement of Quantifier Complements.<BR> To be extremely careful in the Resultative Complements, the complement could be the adverb moving ahead of the verb and 「Jiang 將」 which was normalized to preposition in the modern Chinese was used to Directional complements or completion marks.<BR> 「V+de/bu de」 is used a lot among three types in the Potential Complements.

Roland Barthes (1915-1980) has been a leading French semiotician, philosopher and cultural critics, along with Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan and Jacques Derrida. Barthes began his academic career as a freelance-writer for Comba during the late 1940s and for Le Lettres nouvelles during the early 1950s in Paris. His early writings on various topics, based on his existentialism and Marxist critique, were collected in Mythologies (1957) and the publication of the book was the beginning of Barthes'semiological research. His early semiology in Mythologies exposes the process of ideological distortions in the meaning of the sign. He calls the distorted sign as "myth." All kinds of sign in modern capitalistic society became "myth" through the process of "a tri-dimensional pattern" in the interaction of the signifier, the signified and the sign. A newly-defined meaning of the sign becomes to function as a new signifier. When this new signifier is interrelated with the signified of the sign tautologically, it produces another "sign" which is called "myth." From the process of "a tri-dimensional pattern" in myth-making, we missiologists may learn some important semiological lessons from Barthes' scholarship. Missionary translators have the similar task in mission field when they want to translate the terms and concepts of Christian faith into the local languages. When they translate the Christian term, they experience the same process of myth-making: the newly-translated term becomes a new sign, to which new religious meanings are accumulating. The sign becomes a new signifier after missionaries' translation of the term. But the most important aspect that we may learn from Roland Barthes's semiology is that it is local people who relate or accumulate new religious meanings into the newly translated terms. Through their acceptance and/or rejection of the term as their religious term, the newly-translated term, i.e., a new Christian sign, begins to possess new Christian meanings.

Mit der hier vorliegenden kurzgefassten Studie wird versucht, ueber Alkuin's(Alcuin Flaccus, oder Alchuinus. oder Alcvin, selbst genannt Albinus ca.735-804) in Latcin gcfasstc Abhandung mit dem Titcl 'Musica' zu berichten Die wichtigste Absicht ist eine erstmalige Uebersetzung von Latein ins Koreanisch. wobei auch die Auswahl der Woerter vom Alkuin untersucht und bestimmt wird.Die entscheidende Bedeutung Alkuin's Musica liegt darin, dass die Musica als Erstere ueber Kirchenmodi berichter Seit die Aliuin's von Martin Gerbert in seinem "Scriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra potissimum" im Jahr 1784 erstein Mal erschienen ist ist die Echtheit dieser Abhandlung sehr umstritten, bis WBrambach im Jahr 1883 seine Echtheit bezeugt hat. Der deutsche Kirchenmusikwissenschaftler U Kornmueller hat in seiner Reihenbericht mit dem Titel 'Die alten Theoretiker' in KmJb ueber den Inhalt der Alkuin's Musica kurzerhand berichtet Die fast alle lexikalischen Angaben beruhen sich auf diese oben genannten xwei Theoretiker, ausr Herrn Guschee im Grove's Artikel.Nach genauer Untersuchung und Uebersetzung kann man folgende Ergebnisseaussprechen.Erstens zeigt die Beschreibung Alkuin's, dass die Westeuropaeer sich am Ende ndes achten Jahrhunderts von dem griechischen Tonsystem ganz befreit ungihre eigenen Kichentoene aufgbaut und dazu die theoretische Grundlage einigermassen fering gestellt hat. Aber Alkuin verwendete immer noch die griechischen Namcn fuer die Kirchenmodi und noch keine Bezeichnung wie Dorius oder phrigius usw. Er unterschied nur zwischen authentischen und plagalen Modi und dazugehoerige Ambitus. Zweitens kann man sagen, dass die Lage des Tenorsan dieser Zeit schon festgelegt wurde, aber ueber die Gestaltung der Finalis Keine Aussage vorfand. Dritlens scheint es durchaus sicher zu sein, dass diese Kirchenmodi in sciner Zeit in ganzen Europa breite Verwendung fanden, auch dadurch, dass der Verfasser Alkuin als Englaender in Rom und Deutschland arbeitete, und als Erzieher und Verwalter der verschiedenen Schulen seine immeseFaehigkeit zergte.