This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of black soldier fly pupa (BSFP) on fecal microorganism, immunoglobulinm egg quality and egg production laying hens. One hundred twenty laying hens were assigned to 4 treatments (0, 5, 7 and 10% BSFP) with 3 replicates for 8 weeks. The formulae of 4 experimental diets were modified to contain 18% CP and 2,900 kcal/kg. All the treated groups differed in feed intake, egg production, egg weight and egg mass compared to those of a control group. The egg weight and production were increased (p < 0.05) in BSFP groups compared to the control. The HDL-C was increased (p < 0.05) in BSFP groups compared to the control. The level of immunoglobulin IgG and Haugh unit were increased (p < 0.05) in BSFP groups compared to the control. These result suggested that the addition of BSFP to the layer diet could improve the egg quality and the laying performance.

본 연구의 목적은 경상남도 하동에서 생산된 녹차의 사료적인 가치를 평가하는 것이다. 먼저, 하동에서 생산되는 녹차의 특성을 이해하기 위하여 일반성분, 항산화 활성 및 항균성활성 분석을 행하였으며, 녹차는 조단백질을 20%이상, 조섬유를 약 19% 함유하고 있으며, 높은 항산화 및 항균활성을 보였다. 68주령 하이라인브라운 레그혼 96수를 개체별 케이지에 수용하여 8주간의 사양실험을 수행하였을 때, 사료에 첨가된 녹차(1% 까지)는 산란계의 사료섭취량, 사료요구율 및 헨데이 난생산성(%)에 대한 영향이 없었다. 녹차는 급여 3-4주에 일시적으로 정상란의 산란율을 감소시켰고, 5-6주에 난중을 증가시켰다. 급여후기에 계란의 신선도(Haugh unit)의 감소를 지연시켰다(P<0.05). 녹차 급여는 난각강도와 무게에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 사료 중 녹차의 함량이 증가함에 따라 혈중 creatinine 과 amylase의 농도와 칼슘의 함량이 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 이상의 결과는 하동녹차는 산란계의 사료에 충분히 이용 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of natural fermented phytogenics on fecal odour and performance in laying hens. The natural fermented phytogenics (NFP) was prepared by the fermentation of probiotics with a mixed herb of ginkgo leaf, mandarin peel, wormwood, ginger, licorice and tangleweed (30:7:10:3:5:15), and fermented by Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophillus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 4 days at room temperature. To evaluate the efficacy of fecal odour reduction by NFP, the experiment was carried out on layer's dropping by in vitro fermentation with a mix of feces and distilled water (6:2), and NH3 and H2S gas production during the fermentation was measured. The productions of NH3 and H2S gas were significantly lower in NFP treatment group than those of control during the in vitro fermentation (p<0.05). To measure the effects of NFP on laying performance, the experiment was carried out with a total of sixty, 46-wk-old Lohmann brown layers for 4 weeks after the pre-experiment periods of two weeks. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The treatments were control group which fed basal diet, and NFP group which fed basal diet added with 0.1% NFP. Hen-day egg production of NFP group was significantly increased compared to control (p<0.05). Also, soft & broken egg production was apparently reduced by NFP addition (p<0.05). Egg weight was not different between two groups but trended to be higher in NFP group than the control. Eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, eggshell color, yolk color and Haugh unit were not different between NFP group and control group. Overall, the above results showed that natural fermented phytogenics, prepared by fermented functional herbs with probiotics, have ability for reducing fecal order and improving egg production in laying hens.

본 연구는 산란계 사료 내 돼지감자(Helianthus tuberosus L.)로부터 제조한 미세캡술화 이눌린(microcapsulated inulin, MI)의 고수준 첨가가 혈액지질, 계란콜레스테롤 및 지방산조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 25주령 갈색산란계를 이용하여 4주 동안 실험사료를 급여하였으며, 실험처리구는 MI 무첨가 대조군, 800 ppm, 900 ppm 및 1,000 ppm로 구분하였다. 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 계란 콜레스테롤은 MI 무첨가군과 비교할 때 첨가군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 계란 포화지방산 조성은 MI무첨가군과 비교할 때 첨가군에서 낮았으나 불포화지방산은 그 반대로 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구결과는 미세캡슐화 이눌린을 산란계 사료 내 첨가해주면 혈액지질 감소에 의해 계란품질을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사해준다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary sericite(SC) on laying performance, feed conversion ratio, egg quality and fecal ammonium nitrogen. Three hundreds and sixty 92-wk-old, Lohman Lite layers were randomly divided into 20 groups of 18 birds each and assigned to five experiment for 4 weeks (72 birds per treatment). Dietary treatments were Control (control diet), SC 0.5 (control diet +0.5% sericite), SC 1.0 (control diet +1.0% sericite), SC 1.5 (control diet +1.5% sericite), and SC 2.0 (control diet +2.0% sericite). Hen-day egg production tended to increase by the SC 1.0%, SC 1.5% and SC 2.0% supplementation in the diets. Egg weight also tended to increase by the SC 1.0% addition in the diets. Feed intake was increased (p<0.05) in SC 1.5 and SC 2.0 but feed conversion was improved (p<0.05) only in SC 1.0 (p<0.05). Digestibility of nutrients were not linearly affected by dietary supplementation of sericite although there was an inconsistent difference. Egg shell strength, albumin height, yolk color, and egg shell thickness were not affected (p<0.05) by treatments. Fecal NH3-N concentration was decreased (p<0.05) by dietary sericite supplementation compared to control. This study showed that dietary 1.0% sericite supplementation can be beneficial to improve egg production, egg weight and feed conversion and to decrease fecal NH3-N concentration.

We investigated the effect of different kinds of dietary added fat on the fatty acid composition, cholesterol content and quality of hens‘ eggs. The Haugh units, breaking strength, shell thickness and yolk color were not significant difference among the groups. Dietary fat notably altered the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and cholesterol content in the egg yolk. The n-6 fatty acid of egg yolk was highest in the corn oil fed group with 31.61%, and this tended to decrease in the order of the tallow, linseed oil and fish oil fed groups(p<0.05). The n-3 fatty acid of egg yolk tended to increase in the linseed oil and fish oil fed groups as 9.74% and 5.16%, respectively(p<0.05). Theses alterations in the yolk fatty acid composition resulted in a reduced cholesterol content of the eggs. The ranges of cholesterol content showed values of 15.98-18.37 mg/g of yolk or 227-261 mg/60g of egg, respectively(p<0.05). The cholesterol content of egg yolk was highest in the tallow fed group, and this tended to be reduced in the order of the fish oil, linseed oil and corn oil fed groups(p<0.05). The reduction of the egg yolk cholesterol content in the other groups compared to the tallow group was significantly different, i.e., 13.01% in the fish oil group, 11.49% in the linseed oil group and 6.91% in the corn oil group, respectively(p<0.05). This result suggests that it is possible to reduce the cholesterol content or to increase the n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in eggs by manipulation of the dietary added fats.

To elucidate the effect of feeding differently prepared CaCO3 (industrially purified limestone) on laying performance, egg shell quality and serum calcium and phosphorus concentration, totally 288 layers (52 wks old), with 16 birds per replicate, 3 replicates per treatment for six treatments were employed into the series of CaCO3 treatments followed by feeding study. Six CaCO3 treatment and diet preparation includes mash diet with naturally sized CaCO3 (MNaC), mash diet with coarsely particled CaCO3 (MCoC), mash diet with finely particled CaCO3 (MFiC), pelleted diet with naturally sized CaCO3 (PNaC), pelleted diet with casein coated CaCO3 (PCnC) and pelleted diet with agar coated CaCO3 (PAgC). Hen day egg production of the bird fed both fine CaCO3 and pelleted CaCO3 were lower (p<0.05) than those fed other CaCO3 diets. Although there is no difference in average egg weight among treatments, the weight tended to be heavier once the egg production rate was low. There is no difference in feed conversion ratio (intake/egg) among treatments. Egg shell thickness was the highest (p<0.05) with feeding of MCoC whereas the value was the lowest with feeding of pelleted CaCO3 diet. Although there is some difference in egg shell thickness, the shell breaking forces were not significantly different among treatments. Calcium content of the shell was the lowest (p<0.05) in the egg from the layer fed finely particled CaCO3. Serum Ca content tended to decrease up to 8 hrs after feeding, then tended to increase afterwards. Although both agar and casein coating of CaCO3 tended to retard the recovering increase of blood Ca, the difference needed to be clarified with individual ovulation cycle. Serum P level was generally decreased as time passed after feeding. Crude protein utilizability was the highest with feeding of agar coated CaCO3 and that of fat was higher with hens fed pelleted diets. Both ash and P utilizabilities of diet with finely particled CaCO3 were the highest among treatment although there were no differences in both energy and Ca utilizabilities. Conclusively, both the particle size of CaCO3 and pelleting of CaCO3 diet could affect shell quality of the egg. The effect was more evident by the differentiation of CaCO3 particle size than any other processing such as pelleting and coating.