The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of satellite images in detecting the areas of rice production in the Barisal of Bangladesh. We also investigated the effect of climate change on the crop production through comparative analysis of rice production area and production statistics with climate data at multi-temporal time scale. This analysis found that the classification of rice fields extracted through satellite image and made as the number of rice cultivation areas did not exceed 10 percent of the statistical data. Climate data analysis showed that the average temperature during the ripening stage has the greatest impact on Boro’s production. It would be more make sense if you can describe the results of how precipitation is also important for rice production in addition to temperature. Therefore, it is believed that this research could serve as a key basis for solving food security issues due to climate change.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of combination of air temperature and soil water content on the growth, physiological disorder rate, and yield of hot peppers. The study was carried out in a typical plastic house (open on one side and with ventilation fans on the other side), which was maintained with gradient air temperature (maximum difference in air temperature: 6°C). The deficit irrigation (DI) treatment commenced 65 days after transplanting. The height of plant and fresh and dry weights of the stem increased at high air temperature (ambient + 6°C, extreme high temperature; EHT). Furthermore, the leaf area decreased significantly with the DI treatment. There were no significant differences in the stem diameter, number of branches, and fresh and dry weights of the leaves among all the treatments. The net photosynthesis rate of the full irrigation (FI) treatment was higher than that of the DI treatment. The photosynthesis rate at ambient air temperature was 19.7 μmol CO2m-2·s-1, the highest among all the treatments; however, the photosynthesis rate of the EHT treatment decreased by 60% (12.3 μmol CO2m-2·s-1). Additionally, the formation of guard cells in the leaf was abnormal with the EHT treatment, and there was a decrease in translocation efficiency. The effects of air temperature treatment were more pronounced on the physiological disorder rate and yield. The physiological disorder rate of the EHT treatment was the highest under the DI treatment condition. The yield of the AFI (ambient air temperature with full irrigation) treatment was 3,771 kg/10a, the highest among all the treatments; however, the yield of the EHT treatment with DI and FI was 1,282 and 1,327 kg/10a, respectively. These results indicate that growth and physiological disorder rate improved with the EHT treatment; however, there was a decrease in yield. Furthermore, the formation of guard cells was abnormal and malfunctional.

This study was considered chances of additional income, if farmers raised silkworms in unused mulberry leaves, after harvesting mulberry, investigated yields of mulberry leaves in vinyl-house and optimal amount in raised silkworms, First, the results was investigated productions of mulberry leaves in the mulberry tree-shape of vinyl-house, T-shape harvested 7.07 kg, Y-shape was 6.55 kg, in comparison with convention of it was harvested 4.75 kg mulberry leaves/1 mulberry tree, was harvested 49%, 38% more each. Also, yields of mulberry leaves was used 302 kg when was raised 1box of silkworms in the mulberry tree-shape of vinyl-house. In other hand, yields of raising silkworms was analysed in the mulberry tree-shapes of vinyl-house, mulberry leaves of 1,000 ㎡ vinyl-house mulberry tree was raised average of 3.74 boxs silkworms, in the concrete conventional-shape was 3.24 boxs, T-shape did 4.17 boxs and Y-shape was 3.83 boxs, Consequently, if the farmers of 1,000 ㎡ vinyl-house mulberry tree raised silkworms with unused mulberry leaves, could get 1~1.2 million won additionally.

Recent climate change has led to fluctuations in agricultural production, and as a result national food supply has become an important strategic factor in economic policy. As such, in this study, panel data was collected to analyze the effects of seven meteorological elements on the production of five types of grain with error component panel data regression method following the test results of LM tests, Hausman test. The key factors affecting the production of rice were average temperature, average relative humidity and average ground surface temperature. The fluctuations in the other four grains types are not well explained by meterological elements. For other grains and beans, only average temperature and time (year) affect the production of other grains while average temperature, ground surface temperature, and time (year) influence the production of beans. For barley and millet, only average temperature positively affects the production of barley while ground surface temperature and time (year) negatively influence the production of millet. The implications of this study are as follow. First, it was confirmed that the meteorological elements have profound effects on the rice production. Second, when compared to existing studies, this study was not limited to rice but encompassed all five types of grains and went beyond other studies that were limited to temperature and rainfall to include various meteorological elements.

The objective of this study was comparison of seed yields according to different seeding rates, seeding time and application of chemical fertilizations in Yanji region of China. The experiment was conducted on commercial farmland at Yanji region in 2013. All the experimental fields were designed following randomized block design with 3 replicates. The plant spacing was applied as 65×1 cm distance. To check the effect of seeding rate, two different seeding rate, 0.2 kg/0.1ha and 0.5 kg/0.1ha were applied. The higher seed yield was observed in low seeding rate (0.2 kg/0.1ha). The application of fertilizer (mixture of N and P) showed different results following different experimental fields. However, there were little positive effects following fertilizer application into commercial farmland. When we compare seed yields between two different seeding dates, 4th May and 29th May, the earlier seeding date (4th May) showed higher seed yields. In considering these results, low seeding rate and early seeding time is important for getting high camelina seed yields.

“온다미”는 국립식량과학원 상주출장소에서 중산간지 재배에 알맞은 고품질 벼를 육성하고자 2003년 하계에 고 품질인 히토메보레를 모본으로 하고 중산간지 적응성 조생 상주27호를 부본으로 인공교배하여 F3이후 계통육종 법에 의하여 육성 선발하면서 주요 농업형질 조사 및 병해충․미질검정을 실시하였다. 2010～2011년 생산력검정을 실시한 결과 내도복이며 수량성이 우수한 YR24905-129-3-1-1-3 계통을 선발하여 “상주46호”로 계통명을 부여하 였다. 2011～2013년 지역적응성시험을 실시한 결과 대조품종에 비해 수량성이 높고 내도복성, 내수발아성 및 도 열병에 강하며 외관품위와 도정특성이 매우 우수하여 2013년 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정심의회에서 신품종으 로 선정하여 “온다미”라 명명하였다. “온다미”는 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 출수기가 7월 27일로 오대벼와 같은 조생종이며, 등숙비율이 88.8%로 오대벼보다 높으며 현미천립중이 21.7g으로 중소립종이다. “온다미”는 도열병 에 중도저항성을 보이나, 줄무늬잎마름병, 흰잎마름병, 기타 바이러스병 및 해충에는 약하다. 쌀알은 심복백이 없 이 맑고 투명하며 도정률 및 완전미 도정수율이 각각 75.8, 73.1%로 오대벼보다 높다. 쌀수량은 지역적응시험의 보 통기 보비재배에서 5.29MT/ha로 오대벼보다 4% 증수되었으며, 만기재배에서는 5.12MT/ha로 금오벼보다 10% 증 수하였다. “온다미”의 적응지역은 남북부중산간지, 남부고냉지 및 동해안 북부해안지이다.

This paper presents the estimation of actual recyclable amounts and the evaluation of waste oil recycling processes atrecycling facilities using material flow analysis (MFA). The estimation of actual recycling rates through the processes ofwaste lubricating oils is a very important subject not only in the point of view oil recycling efficiency by energy conversionprocesses but also in the perspective of the recycling technology level. In this study, the recycling processes and recyclingrates of waste lubricating oil recycling facilities were evaluated by using a MFA approach, a total of 10 site visits anda total of 30 site questionnaires in Korea. The MFA methodology based on mass balance approach applied to identifythe inputs and outputs of waste oils during the recycling processes at waste oil recycling facilities. It is necessary todetermine the composition and flows of the input materials to be recycled and foreign substances in a waste recyclingfacility. A complete understanding of the waste flows in the processes along with the site visit and data surveys for therecycling facilities was required to develop a material flow for the processes and determine the process yield by differenttreatment methods (chemical distillation, vacuum distillation and high temperature pyrolysis). The results show that onaverage the process yields for chemical distillation, vacuum distillation, and high temperature pyrolysis were 89.9±7.7%,77.9±16.1%, and 57.9±9.3%, respectively. During the chemical distillation method, water in waste oils was a majorfraction (>50%), while the vacuum distillation method resulted oil large amounts of oil sludge produced during therecycling process. The process yields for different treatment methods depended upon several factors including the qualityof incoming waste oils, the type and operating conditions of recycling processes that are applied to. Based on the materialflow analysis in this study, the actual recycled amount of waste oil was estimated to be approximately 260,809 ton in 2011.

원료곡인 동부의 침종, 포화, 노화 조건이 동부나물 생산량과 생장반응에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 흡수량은 침종 초기 2시간까지는 급속히 증가하다 이후에는 완만히 증가하였으나, 발아력과 나물 생산수율 및 잔뿌리 발생량은 침종기간(1~6시간)이 길어질수록 낮았다. 5일간 포화(수분 96±1%, 20℃)처리가 무처리나 1, 3일간 포화처리에 비해 발아력과 나물 생산수율 및 잔뿌리 발생량이 높았다. 고온 노화처리에 따른 발아력과 나물 생산수율은 무처리에 비해 낮았는데, 이상의 결과로 동부나물 재배를 위한 원료곡 전처리 방법은 5일간 포화(수분 96±1%, 20℃)처리하고 세척하여 재배하는 것이 좋은 것으로 판단된다.

Recent climate change has led to fluctuations in agricultural production, and as a result national food supply has become an important strategic factor in economic policy. As such, in this study, panel data was collected to analyze the effects of seven meteorological elements and using the Lagrange multipliers method, the fixed-effects model for the production of five types of food crop and the seven meteorological elements were analyzed. Results showed that the key factors effecting increases in production of rice grains were average temperature, average relative humidity and average ground surface temperature, while wheat and barley were found to have positive correlations with average temperature and average humidity. The implications of this study are as follow. First, it was confirmed that the meteorological elements have profound effects on the production of food crops. Second, when compared to existing studies, the study was not limited to one food crop but encompassed all five types, and went beyond other studies that were limited to temperature and rainfall to include various meterological elements.

본 연구는 바이오에탄올 생산용 작물 선발을 위해 국내재배 가능한 일년생 작물중에서 바이오매스 생산량이 우수한 수수-수단그래스 교잡종에 대한 바이오에탄올 생산성을조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 총 11 품종의 수수-수단그래스 교잡종 대한 화학적 특성검증 결과 셀룰로오스 함량은 Green Star 품종이 가장높았으며 발효율 검정을 위해 Green Star, Revolution,KF429 그리고 SS504 4품종을 선발하였다.2. 선발된 4품종으로부터 발효 당을 추출하기 위해 시료와1 M NaOH 용매를 1:14의 비율로 혼합하고 150℃에서30분간 전처리하였을 때 시료내 셀룰로오스 함량은 55%이상 이였으며, 발효 저해 작용을 하는 리그닌 및 회분함량은 65%이상 제거 되었다.3. 전처리물의 당화율 검정을 위해 celli CTEC II 효소 30FPU/g-cellulose를 사용하였으며 4품종의 당화율은 평균86%이었다.4. 수수-수단그래스 교잡종의 발효율 검정은 동시당화발효(SSF)방법으로 수행하였으며 발효균주로는 Saccharomysiscerevisiae CHY1011를 사용하였고, 결과적으로 GreenStar의 발효율이 92.4%로 가장 높았으며 에탄올 생산량은 6,206 L/ha임을 확인하였다.

해양 어류는 고급 단백질원으로 인류의 식량 공급원으로서 중요성이 나날이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 관련 선진국에서는 해양 어류의 양식 생산성 향상을 위한 육종 기술 개발에 박차를 가하고 있으며, 개발된 육종 품종(수정란 또는 종묘)을 이용한 상품어 생산은 자국뿐 만 아니라 수출을 통하여 사육환경이 다른 외국에서도 이루어지고 있다(Dunham, 2003). 이 연구는 육종 품종의 국가간 이동·사육에 따른 자손 생산 능력을 검증하기 위한 일환으로 일본에서 도입한 참돔 품종의 자연교배에 의한 수정란 생산량과 부화율을 조사하였다. 일본 참돔 품종(JPN 계통)은 수입한 양식산을 사용하였으며, 한국해양과학기술원에서 자연산 종묘를 채집하여 선발한 품종(KORDI 계통, Noh et al., 2003)을 대조구로 두었다. 해상가두리에 사육 중인 두 친어 품종을 민간 종묘생산장으로 옮겨 각각 별도의 수조(각 15톤 용량)에 수용하면서 두 계절(pre-spawning season, spawning season)에 걸쳐 자연교배에 의한 수정란 생산을 시도하였다. 수정란 생산을 위해 pre-spawning season에는 약 2개월간 가온을 실시하여 생식소 발달 및 자연교배를 유도하였으며, spawning season에는 자연 해수 수온이 14.0℃에 다다른 시점에 육상 수조로 옮겨 자연교배를 유도하였다. 수정란 생산량은 자연교배 기간 중 매일 자정 전후에 수거장치에 수집된 수정란 중 사란을 제외한 양을 매일 기록하였으며, 부화율은 7～10일 간격으로 수집된 수정란을 대상으로 조사하였다. JPN 계통과 KORDI 계통의 수정란 생산 기간은 pre-spawning season에 각각 24일과 31일, spawning season에 각각 51일과 54일이었다. 일간 수정란 생산량은 JPN 계통이 두 계절에서 각각 1,762.5 mL와 1,733.3 mL이었으며, KORDI 계통은 각각 2,725.8 mL와 2,509.3 mL이었다. 암컷 단위체중 당 일간 수정란 생산량은 JPN 계통이 두 계절에 모두 0.9 mL/day, KORDI 계통이 각각 1.7 mL/day와 1.2 mL/day이었다. 생산된 수정란의 부화율은 JPN 계통이 두 계절에서 각각 85.1%와 91.3% 그리고 KORDI 계통이 88.9%와 91.3%로서, 동일 계절에서 두 계통간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과에서 연중 수온이 우리나라보다 높은 일본에서 도입한 참돔 계통의 수정란 생산력이 낮은 것으로 조사되었으며, 향후 국가간 품종의 이식 또는 도입 시 자손 생산능력에 관한 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

작물의 생산량 증대는 농업이 이루는 목표 중 가장 중요한 것 중 하나이다. 본 연구실은 차세대바이어그린 사업의 목표의 일환으로 벼의 생산성을 증가시키는 유전형질을 찾는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이에 다양한 벼 유전자의 기능을 분석한 결과 OsVIL2 유전자를 과발현 시키면 생산량이 대폭 증가하는 것을 발견하였다. 유전자 과발현은 이삭 당 열매 수를 50% 가까이 증가시켰으며 또한 줄기 두께 및 신장 길이를 증가시켰다. 따라서 바이오매스가 증가함으로써 추가로 생긴 열매의 무게를 잘 견디는 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 바이오매스 증가는 세포 수의 증가 때문이며 세포의 길이는 오히려 감소하였다. OsVIL2 유전자는 chromatin remodeling에 관여하는 polycomb group의 subunit 중 하나인 EMF2b와 결합하여 그 기능을 하는 것으로 규명되었다. 이에 본 연구실은 OsVIL2가 어떻게 세포 수를 증가시키는지 세포학적 분석을 할 것이며, 이의 target 유전자는 어떤 것인지 등을 ChIP sequencing을 통해 분석할 예정이다. 또한 이 유전자를 다양한 벼 품종에 도입하여 생산량 증가 표현형과 유전적 배경 사이의 연관관계를 연구할 것이다.

Agriculture is more influenced by environmental factors rather than other industries. Among the environmental factors, the meteorological conditions mainly impact the output of agricultural products. Hence, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of meteorological factors on the output of elemental agricultural products. As a first step, we obtained the data of the meteorological factors (i.e., precipitation, humidity, temperature, insolation, snowdrifts, wind velocity) and the output of the various agricultural products (i.e., grain, fruits and vegetables, root crops, green vegetables, seasoned vegetables, fruits, special crops) from the year 1990 to 2009 (20 years) of Seoul and the six metropolitan cities in Korea. Then, the analysis of the correlation between the agricultural product with the largest output and the meteorological factors of the place where the corresponding agricultural product is most produced, was carried out in order to determine the core meteorological factor that most impacts the output of agricultural product. The correlation analysis revealed that humidity, insolation and wind velocity have been the crucial meteorological factors to influence the output of the agricultural products. From the result, we can induce that the meteorological forecast information about the vital meteorological factors, i.e., humidity, insolation and wind velocity, facilitates the optimized cultivation plan to maximize the output of agricultural products.

This study was carried out to determine marine environments and phytoplankton community in Deukryang Bay during the period of summer in 1987-2010. Water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen were shown in much yearly fluctuations. In August, water temperatures in surface and on bottom were the highest, compared with average surface (24.54℃) and bottom (22.90℃) water temperature for 18 years in Deukryang Bay. The main reason is assumed to longer duration of sunshine during the period of August. Although the amount of the rainfall in August was the highest, significant impact of marine environment did not show. Most of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in Deukryang were lower concentration during summer and N:P ratio also showed below 18 in Redfield. In particular, extreme increasing of N:P ratio in August was occurred by intensive precipitation. Distribution of phytoplankton community was a consistent occurrence for 18 years. The genus of Chaetoceros, Cosinodisucs and Skeletonema were regarded as the represent diatom, whereas the highest occurrence of genus among dinofagellates was Ceratium. It is thought that the relationship between phytoplankton and nutrient has a strong positive signal, although nutrients persist a little concentration and much fluctuations in marine environments were observed. High availability in phytoplankton is contributed to consistently provide the food organism of shellfish. Consequently, recent decreasing production of shellfish and seed are probably associated with higher temperature during the period of summer. However, higher temperature is also occurred ago and after 2000. On the basis of geography, Deukryang Bay had a small mouth and long channel, which is attributed to decreasing genetic diversity. It is assumed that higher temperature and lower genetic diversity have a extreme impact of larvae and shellfish for reproduction in Deukryang. It is necessary to persistently monitor based on water quality and phytoplankton community.

This study was carried out to utilize the byproducts (flower, immature and mature berry, leaf and stem) of ginseng. Yield of byproducts were 32.7±9.8g in flower, 68.2±2.2g in immature berry, 48.5±4.3g in mature berry, 316.2±20.5g in leaf, and 296.6±15.4g in stem per 3.3m2 (180×90cm, ginseng root 675.5±35.7g/drybasis. The total saponin contents of ginseng byproducts and root are 52.36±1.24, 68.71±1.98, 168.89±0.57, 68.26±1.32, 7.85±0.61 and 35.08±0.96 mg/g, respectively. The main ginsenoside of all byproducts was Re and the highest content was 132.23±1.56 mg/g in mature berry. But flower and berry was not detected Rf and Rh1, respectively. Total polyphenolic compound content on mature berry was the highest, 2.242±0.140%, after, immature berry 〉 leaf 〉 flower 〉 root 〉 stem order. The DPPH radical scavenging activity on mature berry was the highest, 0.115±0.004 mg/mL(IC50), and the others were the same order of polyphenolic compound and ginsenoside content on byproducts.

본 연구에서는 강원도를 사례로 고도별 우유생산량과 기후요소의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 1999년부터 2008년까지 70개 축산 농가의 우유생산량과 인접한 20개 지점의 기후자료를 분석하였다. 일평균 우유생산량은 고도가 낮은 저지대의 평균 생산량이 27.1㎏으로 가장 적었고, 고도가 상승함에 따라 증가하는 경향이다. 300~600m의 산지에서 29.0㎏으로 생산량이 가장 많았다. 계절별 우유생산량은 가을, 겨울, 봄, 여름의 순으로 많다. 가을철은 우유생산량에 영향을 미칠만한 열 스트레스 및 한랭 스트레스의 영향이 거의 없는 시기이고, 습도가 낮아지면서 젖소의 착유에 적합한 기후조건이다. 겨울철은 한랭 스트레스가 발생하지만 주로 고도가 높은 고랭지에서만 발생한다. 여름철은 고온 환경에 잦은 강수로 인해 다습한 환경이 조성되면서 고온 스트레스가 심화되는 시기이다. 우유생산량은 일 최고기온과 온습도지수와 음의 상관관계를 가진다. 고도가 낮은 저지대에서는 고온 환경에 쉽게 노출되기 때문에 열 스트레스에 의한 생산량의 감소가 발생하고, 계절별 우유생산량의 변동이 심하지만, 고도가 높은 고랭지에서는 열 스트레스 발생 빈도가 적고, 연중 고른 우유의 생산이 가능하다.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different feed conditions on growth, cast production and conversion efficiency of organic matter to the earthworm. The experiment was tested on cow manure(CM) mixed with rice hulls (RH) or rice straw(RS). The mixture ratios were designed as one time, two times and three times of cow manure volume, respectively. The CM and RH mixtures resulted better on growth rate, reproductive efficiency and wormcast production than those for CM and RS mixtures. Especially on three times of RH mixture showed the highest growth characteristics compared to the other mixtures. Although both were between 20 and 34 on carbon and nitrogen ratio, the result inferred that the difference on the growth might have been caused by feeding conditions. On the mixtures of cow manure with rice hulls(CM+RH) was significantly higher on values on the conversion rate and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues than the mixtures of cow manure with rice straw(CM+RS). The most concerned point of the mixture of earthworm feed is that high contents of volatile solid and total carbon that increases in conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues, and also causes the increase in growth rate and reproductive efficiency. The wormcast could be used as a valuable plant growth medium or soil conditioner for sustainable agriculture and it may be due to their high qualities of physico-chemical properties.