소각처리에서 나오는 잔사는 전체 투입 폐기물 부피의 약 10% 정도로 매립지의 사용연한을 연장시키는 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 소각 시 발생되는 비산재와 바닥재에서는 유해중금속(Pb, Cu, Cd 등)이 고농도로 함유되어 있어 매립 시 용출에 의한 2차 토양오염을 유발할 가능성이 높다. 이에 따라 환경부에서는 유해중금속에 대한 배출기준을 마련하였으며 사업장에서는 배출기준 준수를 위해 추가적인 수세 및 약품처리 등을 하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 I시 C광역쓰레기 소각시설에서 발생하는 소각재를 대상으로 유해중금속의 안정적 처리방안과 킬레이트제의 적정사용량 산출을 통해 처리비용을 절감하고 소각재의 재활용 가능성을 파악하기 위하여 수행하였다. 킬레이트제 희석에 따른 바닥재의 Cu 처리효율은 10배 희석 시 91.1%, 11배 희석 시 76.6%, 12배 희석시 60.5%, 13배 희석 시 56.7%로 조사되었으며 소각재(바닥재+비산재)의 Pb 처리효율은 10배 희석 시 72.8%, 11배 희석 시 65.9%, 12배 희석 시 64.9%, 13배 희석 시 61.2%로 조사되었다.

최근 자원 순환과 재활용에 관련된 많은 연구가 지속되면서, 폐기물의 처리와 재활용에 대한 관심이 많아지고 있다. 폐기물관리법 상에서의 폐기물은 쓰레기, 소각재, 오니, 폐유, 폐산, 폐알칼리 및 동물의 사체 등으로서 사람의 생활이나 사업 활동에 필요하지 않게 된 물질들을 말한다. 폐기물의 분류는 크게 생활폐기물과 사업장폐기물로 이루어져 있으며, 그 특성에 따라 사업장 일반폐기물, 건설 폐기물, 지정 폐기물 등으로 나뉜다. 또한 지정폐기물은 폐기물관리법에서 지정한 물질들로 분류가 되며, 대부분 인체에 유해한 물질을 포함하고 있어 안정적인 처리를 필요로 한다. 2010년 국내에서 발생한 지정폐기물은 총 3,463,240 톤으로 매년 꾸준히 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있으며, 그 중 사업장 지정폐기물은 3,348,186톤, 의료 폐기물은 115,054톤 씩 각각 발생하였다. 이렇게 발생된 지정폐기물은 종류에 따라 소각, 고온소각, 고온용융, 고형화, 매립, 물리･화학적 처리, 재활용의 7가지 처리방법으로 있으며, 각 처분 방법에 따라 재활용 56.1%, 매립 19.3%, 소각 18% 등의 비율로 처리 되었다. 지정폐기물은 그 자체에 유해한 물질을 포함하고 있기 때문에, 적절한 처리기술을 적용하여 포함된 유해물질을 제거하면 재활용 및 자원화를 통해 자원순환이 이루어질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 소각재에 포함된 유해물질 함유 여부를 다양한 방법을 통해서 확인하고, 국내 지정폐기물 분류 기준 및 국외 자원 재활용 기준을 바탕으로 폐기물 재활용 가능여부를 확인하였다. 또한 소각재의 처리 기술에 대한 검토를 통해, 매립 및 소각 처리되는 기존의 유해폐기물들에 대한 안전관리와 자원순환에 대한 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 소각재의 분석은 국내 폐기물 관리법에서 지정된 중금속에 대한 함유량을 확인할 수 있는 용출시험과 국외 폐기물 재활용 기준에서 필요로 하는 항목들을 확인하기 위한 시험으로 나눠져 진행되었다. 국내 폐기물관리법에서 제시하고 있는 용출시험 결과를 통해서는 바닥재와 비산재 모두 지정폐기물의 항목에 포함되지 않았다. 하지만 전원소 분석을 통한 함량시험에서는 카드뮴(Cadmium) 농도가 국외 폐기물 재활용 기준을 만족하지 못하였으며, 그 외에도 겉보기 밀도, 강열감량 등에서 재활용 기준을 만족하지 못하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 소각재에 포함된 카드뮴의 안전관리와 효율적 재활용을 위한 폐기물 처리 흐름도를 작성하여 제시하고, 최적가용기술 적용을 통해 유해물질의 효율적 관리가 가능하게 하고자 하였다.

Infectious diseases in domestic animals of carcase were increasing every year. According to the monthly report for infectious disease from Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 11,954 heads of cattle, 518,178 heads of pig, 232,850,244 heads of bird were reported in 2011. Infectious diseases of carcase almost spread on a national scale. Dead or emergency preventive carcase are completely treated on bury. Since the treatment of carcase on bury are generating soil, underground water and source water pollution, introduction of new preventive system should be considered. In this study, literature survey and case studies to prevent the spreading of virus for infectious disease and second environmental pollution were investigated. The actual experiments using the existing incineration facilities were also performed to ensure the possibilities of safe treatment of carcase. On the other hand, the moving-type incineration are also being developed and its operation manual will be prepared. Among the investigated incinerators, stoker type incinerator was not suitable for the treatment of carcase, however, other incinerators such as fluidized-bed type incinerator, rotary kiln type incinerator ware shown to be suitable. But even for the stoker type incinerator, if the pre-treatment facilities( grinding, crushing) are installed, it will also be a suitable method. The analytical results for air pollutants(including dioxin) emitted from the final exit were all satisfied to the air pollution emission standards.

The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is steadily increasing leading to an urgent need for the effective treatment of these wastes. Incineration is one of the methods for the treatment of these solid wastes. The bottom ashes produced from the incineration process are very unstable at standard atmospheric conditions, so there is need for process to alleviate the ash problems. In this study, the bottom ashes were first converted into the slurry form and then the slurry was made to react with CO2 to produce the carbonates. This carbonate process by using bottom ashes and carbon dioxide will be source recovery technology from waste material and, moreover, will also help to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for the precipitation of CaCO3 using Aspen plus modeling program. The temperature and pressure for the precipitation of CaCO3 process were varied 25 to 500oC and 1.05 bar to 90bar, respectively. For producing the slurry, the optimum ratio of H2O to calcium oxide was determined to be 10 : 1. And the optimum precipitating conditions for calcium carbonate process system were found to be at 35 bar - 210oC.

Recycling the bottom ash from MSWI (Municipal solid waste incinerators) ash is required to reduce the secondary pollution. We characterized the bottom ash and investigated the possibility of application for subsidiary ceramic raw materials. Major components of bottom ash are analyzed as CaO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, MgO, Fe2O3, which are the same components of the earth’s crust. This similarity of components implied that bottom ash could be recycled as ceramic products through systematic treatment. Considering the plasticity and water absorption results, the ceramics, which are the mixture with 74 wt % bottom ash and 26 wt% Pink Kaolin, showed 1.39% water absorption after sintering 1150oC for 1h. This result indicated the possibility of recycling of bottom ash for subsidiary ceramic raw materials.

Recycling of bottom ash which is the part of the non-combustible residues of waste combustion is very important for saving energy and resource recycling. In this research, we tried to develop recycling method for the bottom ash as the roadbase, the layer of aggregates under the paved layer of a road. We first removed ferrous and non-ferrous metals from the bottom ash with a 20 mm mesh strainer. After grinding ceramics and glass using jaw crusher, we mixed them with the bottom ash, and then they were further finely grounded up to the particle size less than 150 mm with ball mill. XRD analysis of the final ground material showed that the main ingredients were CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, Fe2O3 and MgO. Also there were some heavy metals such as Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr6+ in it. To make roadbase out of the processed bottom ash, we mixed it with purified sludge, pink kaolin (from Hadong, Gyeongnam, Korea), and silica sludge, and fired in an electric kiln at 1150 ~ 1200oC. Finally, the usefulness of the roadbase made of bottom ash was analyzed by testing absorption rate, crystallizing and strength as well as indoor California Bearing Ration (CBR) test, abrasion test, sand reduction test. The developed material from recycling the wasted bottom ash satisfied the requirement of roadbase properties.

As increasing incidents of FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease) in recent years, the country has struggled with huge economic losses and environmental problems. Because of relying only on the burial method according to domestic condition, it needs to consider the alternative measure such as the incineration with being no secondary environmental pollution. In addition, such FMD and AI (Avian Influenza) as classifying in the first-class malignant diseases are very important to be ready with rapidly initial response because of the fact being quickly spreaded with high infection speed. Accordingly, a favorable initial response by the introduction of mobile incinerators has been forced to consider. In this study, it analyzed and compared the existing disposal regulations and methods of carcasses to establish the reasonableness about introducing an incineration technology. In addition, domestic and international disposal status was compared as investigating regulations or disposal law, guidelines of livestock in major developed countries. To introduce the mobile incineration facilities in domestic, it is surveyed international examples and related regulations of using and developing mobile incinerators. The results of study could be used as basic information to design and utilize a mobile incineration process for slaughter animals by deceases.

Chlorine content in the MSW incineration ash and coal is a critical factor in considering the design and operation of incinerator and power plant et al. because HCl gas emitted from the plants causes not only air pollution but also the corrosion of plant. Chemical method for the determination of chlorine content in the solid samples is the most common approach, but it is mostly applied to the determination of low concentration of chlorine content in the sample. So standard method is needed to measure the high concentration of chlorine content of solid samples. Eschka method which is based on the ASTM (D 2361-85) can be used to determine chlorine content in coal, but it is not sure that it can be applied to measure the high concentration of chlorine content of solid samples. For this, determination of chlorine contents by Eschka method was carried out by using pure reagents having high chlorine content, and the results were compared as the basis of theoretical and experimental values. Also MSW bottom and fly ashes, PVC and coals were selected for determination of chlorine content by Eschka method. Eschka method with potentiometric titrator can be measured high concentration of chlorine contents by controlling titrant's concentration. Based on the test results of various kinds of solid samples, the Eschka method is more recommended in the measurement of chlorine content in MSW incineration ashes and coals.