The trace element nutrient selenium discharges its well-known nutritional anti-tumor activity. Converging data from epidemiological, ecological and clinical studies have shown that selenium can decrease the risk for some types of human cancers, especially those of the prostate, lung, and colon. Mechanistic studies have indicated that selenium has many desirable attributes of chemoprevention targeting cancer cells through DNA single strand breaks, the induction of reactive oxygen species. However, there is no reports about the relationship between methylseleninic acid (MSeA), one of methylselenol metabolites and cell cycle arrest in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Our data showed that MSeA arrested G1/S pahse of cell cycle arrest and inhibited DNA synthesis in LNCaP cells and those cellular events by MSeA were due to the induction of p27 protein which is a well-known cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Taken together, cell cycle arrest occurred by MSeA may contribute to the growth-inhibition of prostate cancer cells.

In this paper, optimal design of the second arm in a SCARA robot was studied. The mass and moment of inertia of the second arm of a SCARA robot have great effects on performance indices such as cycle times and torques of the first and second axes. To reduce the mass and moment of inertia, optimal design was carried out by FEM analysis using parameters such as width and height of the arm rib, which was newly adopted to decrease the arm thickness in keeping stiffness. Computer simulation was conducted in X and Y directional paths. As a result of the optimal design, maximum torques of the first and second axes decreased by 10.1% in maximum.

곰취(Ligularia fischeri)의 이용성을 높이데 필요한 기초자료를 확보하고자 메탄올을 용매로 하여 추출 온도 및 시간에 따른 생리활성 효과를 조사하였다. 곰취 메탄올추출물 1,000mg·L-1에 함유된 총 페놀함량, 총플라보노이드 함량은 각각 75.8-297.7mg·L-1 and 45.6-173.6mg·L-1이었다. 추출온도와 시간은 총 페놀함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, 전자공여 능 의 경우 95℃에서 6시간 동안 추출했을 때 가장 좋았다. 그러나 아질산염 소거능은 75℃에서 12시간 추출한 것에서 97.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 곰취 메탄을 추출물 200mg·L-1 및 400mg·L-1 농도는 각각 폐암과 위암세포 증식을 90% 이상 억제시켰다. 따라서 곰취는 높은 생리활성 기능을 나타내는 채소로 나타났으며, 곰취를 가공품으로 이용하기 위해 메탄올로 추출할 때는 95℃에서 6시간 정도 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각되었다.

전북 부안군 백악기 계화리층 하부에 나타나는 현무암질 안산암-실트암 페퍼라이트의 산출양상과 특성을 보고한다. 페퍼라이트는 판상의 현무암질 안산암에 수반되어 산출되며, 안산암은 적색의 범람원 기원 실트암과 실트질 사암교호층 내에 조화적으로 협재되어 있다. 페퍼라이트가 안산암 상부 경계부에서 산출되는 점과 경계부에서는 분산형 페퍼라이트가 우세하나 안산암 내부쪽에서는 밀집형 페퍼라이트가 우세해지는 점은 안산암이 관입기원(?관입암상)임을 지시한다. 마그마 관입과 페퍼라이트 형성은 계화분지 형성 초기부터 퇴적동시성 화산활동이 활발하였음을 시사한다. 안산암의 K-Ar 전암 절대연령은 백악기 후기(Santonian)로 측정되었다.

Phytic acid (PA) (Inositol hexaphosphate, IP6) is a naturally occurring polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that is present in substantial amounts in almost all plants and mammalian cells. Recently PA has received much attention for its role in anticancer activity. In the present study, the preventive effects of PA on colon carcinogenesis were investigated. Six-week old Fisher 344 male rats were fed a AIN-93G purified diet and PA (0.5% or 2% PA in water) for 8 weeks. The animals received two (1st and 2nd week) injections of azoxymethane (AOM, 15 mg/kg b.w.) to induce colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). After sacrifice, the total numbers of aberrant crypts (AC) and ACF in colonic mucosa were examined after staining with methylene blue. Blood and serum were analyzed with a blood cell differential counter and an automatic serum analyzer. AOM induced the total numbers of 142.3 ± 22.3 ACF/colon and 336.6 ± 55.1 AC/colon. PA at the doses of 0.5 and 2% decreased the numbers of ACF and AC/colon in a dosedependent manner. The numbers of ACF/colon and AC/colon by PA at the dose of 0.5% were 124.4 ± 28.5 and 302.7 ± 67.3, respectively. PA at the dose of 2% significantly decreased the ACF and AC numbers to 109 ± 18.1 and 254.8 ± 50.6, respectively (p < 0.01). Especially, 2% PA significantly reduced the number of large ACF ( ≥ 4 AC/ ACF) from 26.8 ± 6.2 ACF/colon to 15 ± 6.7 ACF/colon (p < 0.01). Although some parameters in blood counts and serum chemistry were changed compared with the control, no specific toxicity was found. These findings suggest that phytic acid can be a chemopreventive agent for colon carcinogenesis resulting from inhibition of the development of ACF in the F344 rat.

암 발생 이 후， 암세포외 섬유모세포는 cytokine. 성장인자 둥 분자를 통하여 상호 작용을 일으킨다 최근 cbemokines의 신호전달이 종양세 포와 기질 미세환경의 상호작용에서 암세포의 성장， 침윤， 이 동애 중요한 영향을 준다고 보고 되였다 본 연구에서 마이크로 어레 이 를 통하여 구강펀평 세 포암종 암세포외 구강편평 세 포암종 암조직에서 유래된 섬유모세포의 공동배양에서 섬유모세포 존재할 경우 구강 편평세포암종 세 포주애서 chemokine receptor를 포함한 다수의 유전자들이 발현이 증가되었으며， 또한 암세포가 존재할 경우 섬유아세 포에서 는 c h e mokines을 비 롯한 디수의 cytokine 유선자들의 발현이 증가 되였음을 알게 되었다. 암세포와 섬유모세포사이의 상호 작용 에서 영힘을 주는 chemokin않의 종류 및 역할을 진일보 분석 하였다 구강편평세포암종 (OSCC) 세포주 YD-lOB, YD• 38, HSC-2, HSC-3, Ca9-22 빛 구강편평 세 포암종에서 유래힌 섬유모새포 (cancer derived fibroblast; CF) 를 사용하였다， 마이크로 어레이와 re al- time PCR를 통하여 암세포외 CF의 공동배양에서 발현에 변화가 존재하는 chemokines과 cbemokine receptor를 분석하였고， Trans well assay와 wound hea ling assay을 시행하여 CCL7의 암세포 침윤에 미치는 역할을 검토하였고‘ F-actin 형광염색으로 암세 포 세포 골격의 액틴세사의 활성을 형태학적으로 관찰하였다 또한 ELTSA를 이용하여 CCL7 분비량 측정 및 발현대상을 확인하였으며 면역조직화희염색으로 구강편평세포암종 조직 에서 CCL7의 발현 을 조사하였다 암세포와 섬유모세포의 공동배양에서 CF 존재 시 암세포 에서 ch emokine recep tor를 포함한 다수의 유전자‘ CCR5. CEECAM1 동의 발헌이 증가되었으며. 또한 암세포와의 공동배양에 의해 CF 에서는 암세포가 존재 시 CCL7‘ CXCL1, CXCL3 등의 c h emokines의 발현이 증가 되었다 특히 HSC-2, YD-IOB‘ Ca9-22 OSCC 암세 포와 CF의 공동배양에서 CF의 CCL7의 발현이 증기히였다 Trans well assay와 wound healing assay 실험에서 CCL7를 처리한 OSCC 세포의 이 동은 농도 의존적으로 농도 증가에 따라 증가하였으며 a nti -CCL7에 의하여 억제 되었다 F-actin 형광염색에서 CCL7 침가에 의해 농도 의존적으로 암세포 세 포 골격 의 액틴세사의 활성을 나티내어 세포돌기가 증가도어 이동성 증가를 형태학적으로 확인하였다 CF와 구강암세포(YD- 10B， HSC-2. HSC-3‘ Ca922‘ YD- 38) 와의 공동 배양에서 CCL7 의 발현은 모두 증가 되었고 CCL7의 발현은 CF 에서 분비 되였음을 확인하였다 정상 치 은 조직 9건 OSCC 암환자의 조직 16건에 대하여 조직면역화학염색을 진행한 결과 암환자의 조 직애서 7 례 (43%) 에서 CCL7 말현 을 관칠하였다 구강편평 세 포암종 암세포의 침윤은 암세포 자극에 의해 섬유모세포가 활성화 되어 CCL7의 분비를 촉진하고 섬유모세포에 의하여 분 비된 CCL7은 암세포에 영향을 주어 암세포로 하여 금 세 포골격 의 변화를 일으키며 이는 세포이동을 촉진하여 암세포의 침윤을 유도함을 알 수 있었다‘

Ionizing radiation is a well- known therapy factor for human carcinoma cells. Genotoxic stress mediates cell cycle control, transcription and cellular signaling. In this work, we have used a microarray hybridization approach to characterize the cell type-

This study was conducted to test the anticancer effect of photodynamic therapy using chlorophyll derivative (9-HpbD-a) and 632nm diode laser. Human SNU 1041 cells were seeded into 96 well plate of 104cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. Cells were washed with media containing various concentration of 9-HpbD-a ranging from Oug/ml to 3.75ug/ml. Then 932 nm diode laser was given at various lasering time setting, and at various starting time after ini tial 24 hours of culture. The treated cells were incubated 48 hours and tetrazolium-based colorimetric(M'IT) assay was done to measure the viability of cells For in vivo study, SNU- 1041 cells were xenografted into the back of nude mouse. When the xenografted tumors grew up to 400-600 mm3, the animals were randomly placed into 4 groups: Group 1 (n=20) , PDT group, interstitial injection of 9-HpbD- a (47 ug/kg) followed by irradiation with 3.2 J/c야 of light 6 hours after then i띠 ection; Group II (n=lO) , irradiation with 3.2 J/crrf of light using diode laser; Group III (n=lO), in terstitial injection of 9-HpbD- a only(47 ug/kg); Group IV (n=lO), normal control group. The viability of cells was de creased with increasing lasering time No significant difference of cell viability was noted by variously delayed starting time of lasering. PDT effects were observed in the xenografted nude mouse model Group IV (no 9-HpbD-a, no laser irradiation) was a control group which showed a continuous tumor growth. Group III (9-HpbD-a i띠 ection only) showed no response, Group II (laser irradiation only) sho￦ed 1 complete remission out of 10 (10%) , Group 1 (9-HpbD-a and laser irradiation) showed 13 cpmplete remission out of 20 (65%) , Group 1 showed significant remission rate, comparing to other groups (p<0.05). This study demonstrated anticancer effect of photodynamic therapy using 9-HpbD-a and 632nm diode laser on human squamous cell carcinoma cell line.

We conducted a series of in vitro experiments to evaluate the efficiency of photodynamic therapy on head and neck cancer cell using hydroxybacteriochlorine from photosynthetic bacteria. We tested the cytotoxicity of the hydroxybacteriochlorine by MTI assay and observed the cell death pattern(apoptosis or necrosis) after PDT by hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining methods IC50 value of the hydroxybacteriochlorine was 0.22μg/rrúi. At higher doses of hydroxybacteriochlorine () 0.6μg/rrúi) , cancer cells died exclusively by necrosis after PDT. By contrast, at IC50 value, hydroxybacteriochlorine induced cancer cell to undergo apoptotic cell death. The induction begins approximately 6 hours after PDT. We investigates intracellular localization of hydroxybacteriochlorine by head & neck cancer cell via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Head & neck cancer cells dual-stained with hydroxybacteriochlorine and a panel of organelle- specific fluorescence probes (Mitotracker, Lysotracker, ER-Tracker) revealed an intracellular fluorescence distribution restricted to cytoplasmic compartments with no detectable fluorescence in the nucleus Confocal images of cells containing hydroxybacteriochlorine were never overlap in subcellular organelle fluorescence when digitally over layed with the organelle-specific fluorescence probe images of the same cells. These results demonstrated that the hydroxybacteriochlorine may have a function as a photosensitizer.

Cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that is not found in normal conditions,. but is induced by a varie ty of pathophysiologic conditions of tissues by growth factors. inflammatory stimuli. oncogenes and tumor promoters, COX-2 is upregulated in a number of epithelial cancers. including in oral premalignant and malignant lesions, The mode of action of COX-2 in carcinogenesis may include mutiple mechanisms that may be acting at different stages of malignant disease, In this study. the expression of COX- 2 protein was assessed quantitatively 없d qualitatively by immunohistochemistry during DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis, The immunoreactivity for COX-2 protein increased as the tissue passed from hyperplasia to dysplasia and SCC, The highest mean expression was SCC at 14 week, The differences between COX-2 expression in the normal and that the dysplastic and carcinomatous lesions was statistically significant, In addition. the mean values of COX -2 expression in the stromal cells increased gradually during malignant progression, The results suggest that increased COX-2 expression may be associated with the chemically induced carcinogenic progression of hamster buccal pouch model, The gradual increasing COX-2 expression de tected during the progressive manner toward more malignant lesions shows that the COX-2 protein can have an important role in both the early and the later stages of multistep oral carcinogenesis

Amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying organic nutrient to cells. The expression of L-type arnino acid transporter 1 (LATl) and its subunit 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) was evaluated to deterrnine the alterations to these transporters in oral norrnal mucosa (ONM) , oral precancerous lesion (OPL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Sections from formalin-ftxed, paraffm-embedded S따nples of ONM, OPL or OSCC were exarnined using immunohistochernical staining to detect LATl and 4F2hc proteins. 까le LATl and 4F강lC expression increased progressively from ONM to hypeφ，Iastic and to dysplastic lesions and OSCC. In partiαlar， LATl rnay be a more S야dftc indicator of tumor prog~않sion than 4F2hc. 까le gradually increasing LA Tl and 4F2hc expression detected during the multistep progressive change shows that the protein rnay have an important role in the early stages of multistep oral carcinogenesis. In addition, the specific inhibition of LA Tl and 4F2hc rnight be a new rationale to suppress oral cancer progression.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in the processes of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Three isoforms of NO 야mthase have been identified: endothelial 띠띠c oxide 와nth앓e (NOS), neuronal NOS, and inducible NOS (이OS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of iNOS expression in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[alanthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Sixty three outbred young (6-week-old) male Syrian golden hamsters were randomly divided into three groups: DMBA treated group (n=57) and non-treated (n=3), and mineral-oil treated group (n=3). No iNOS activity could be detected in the untreated or mineral oil-treated pouches. 80th cytoplasmic and nuclear stainings were observed in the DMBA-treated pouch kera띠lCX까es. There were iNOS expression 외so in the strorna1 cells. The mean values of iNOS expression in the epithelium increased gradually from control to dysplastic lesions and more to invasive squ따nous cell carcinoma. πle clifference between iNOS expr'않sion in the normal and that the dysplastic and carcinomatous lesions is statistically significant. The mean values of iNOS expression in the stroma increased gradually from control to dysplastic lesions and more to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The difference between iNOS expression in the normal and that the carcinomatous lesions is statistica11y si맑， ificant. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that iNOS is expressed in DMBA-induced hamster pouch carcinomas. πlis finding suggests that iNOS expression may be associated with the development of chemically induced oral carcmomas.