어떤 해역의 해상교통혼잡도를 평가하는 데 있어서 단위 시간당 항행 척수인 교통량을 분석하는 것보다 어떤 시간 단면에 존재하는 단위 면적당의 밀집도 분석을 활용하는 것이 합리적일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 해상교통안전진단 대행기관의 해상교통혼잡도 평가기법을 표준화하고, 선박톤급별 환산교통량 사용으로 인한 평가오차를 최소화하기 위하여 새로운 방안을 찾고자 한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 선박자동식별장치(Automatic Identification System, AIS)의 통항선박 데이터를 활용하여 항로구간면적 대비 식별된 개개의 통항선박이 갖고 있는 점용영역의 면적을 합산한 값과의 백분율을 해상교통혼잡도로 평가하는 방안을 제시하였다. 새로운 모형에서는 정보통신기술의 획기적인 발달로 인해 실제 데이터 사용이 가능하여 환산 데이터에 의한 오차발생을 줄일 수 있고, 항로구간별 해상교통혼잡도 평가도 가능하게 되었다.

The knock-in efficiency in the fibroblast is very important to produce transgenic domestic animal using nuclear transfer. In this research, we constructed three kinds of different knock-in vectors to study the efficiency of knock-in depending on structure of knock-in vector with different size of homologous arm on the β-casein gene locus in the somatic cells; DT-A_cEndo Knock-in vector, DT-A_tEndo Knock-in vector I, and DT-A_tEndo Knock-in vector II. The knock-in vector consists of 4.8 kb or 1.06 kb of 5’ arm region and 1.8 kb or 0.64 kb of 3’ arm region, and neomycin resistance gene(neor) as a positive selection marker gene. The cEndo Knock-in vector had 4.8 kb and 1.8 kb homologous arm. The tEndo Knock-in vector I had 1.06 kb and 0.64 kb homologous arm and tEndo Knock-in vector II had 1.06 kb and 1.8 kb homologous arm. To express endostatin gene as transgene, the F2A sequence was fused to the 5’ terminal of endostatin gene and inserted into exon 7 of the β-casein gene. The knock-in vector and TALEN were introduced into the bovine fibroblast by electroporation. The knock-in efficiencies of cEndo, tEndo I, and tEndo II vector were 4.6%, 2.2% and 4.8%, respectively. These results indicated that size of 3’ arm in the knock-in vector is important for TALEN-mediated homologous recombination in the fibroblast. In conclusion, our knock-in system may help to create transgenic dairy cattle expressing human endostatin protein via the endogenous expression system of the bovine β-casein gene in the mammary gland.

Through time-series BV CCD photometry of the open cluster NGC 225 region, we have detected 30 variable stars including 22 new ones. They are five δ Scuti-type variable stars, a slowly pulsating B star, six eclipsing binary stars and 18 semi-long periodic or slow irregular variables, respectively. We have performed multiple-frequency analysis to determine pulsation frequencies of the δ Scuti-type stars and a slowly pulsating B star, using the discrete Fourier transform and linear least-square fitting methods. We also have derived the periods and amplitudes of 6 eclipsing binaries and a long-period variable star from the phase tting method, and presented the light curves of all variable stars. A slowly pulsating B star is a member of NGC 225, but δ Scuti-type stars are not members from the positions in the color-magnitude diagram and the radial distancies from the center of the cluster. From Dias et al. (2014, A&A, 564, 79), only three variable stars including the slowly pulsating B star are members of clusters: two are in NGC 225 and one is in Stock 24. But a variable star in Stock 24 is not a member of the cluster because of its position of color-magnitude diagarm.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effect of visiting nursing simulationbased training for community nursing. Methods: Participants for this study were 56 nursing college students in Busan. Data were collected and measured for the general characteristics, students’ responses regarding simulation experience, students’ self-assessment, self-confidence, and problem solving ability. Results: In nursing college students, the scenario experience in community - based nursing simulation training was the most lacking communication area with the subject, so it was necessary to supplement it. The experience of the visiting nursing simulation scenario showed satisfactory results in all areas. The confidence of the nursing college students after learning the simulation training was 7.6 points out of ten. As a result of comparing the degree of problem solving ability before and after the simulation training, the degree of problem solving ability of the nursing college students after the training was increased compared to before the simulation training. Conclusion: Simulation training before clinical practice contributes to improvement of nursing assessment, performance, confidence and problem solving ability. Through simulation training, students will be able to provide qualitative nursing care and coping with problems from an integrated perspective.

One of the important advantages of Thermosonics is that it can be applied to complex structures such as a turbine blade as a convenient and quick screening test method. For a reliable thermosonic test, the vibrational characteristics of the system comprising the tested structure and the clamp at ultrasonic frequency range should be identified. Therefore, this study presented the analysis results of frequency response functions and mode shapes of the turbine blade and clamp system and investigate the possibility of the reliable excitation system for the thermosonic test.

본 연구는 중학교 국어 교과의 읽기 영역에서 문학 장르와 비문학 장르에 각기 적합한 국어 교과 내 언 어 영역 통합 교수 학습 모형을 구안 적용함으로써 학습자의 자기 주도적 학습 능력을 신장시키는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 문학 장르에서는 읽기 영역에서 문제 중심, 팀 중심의 ‘창틀 채우기’ 교수‧학습 모형을 적용하고 이를 확장하여 ‘독서 토론하기’와 ‘논증 글쓰기’까지 통합하여 수업에 적용하였다. 비문학 장르에 서는 읽기 영역에서 ‘의미지도 만들기’ 교수 학습 모형을 바탕으로 ‘문단형식 글쓰기’를 통합하여 수업에 적용하였다. 그리고 이러한 교수 학습 모형에서 적합한 포트폴리오 방식의 수행평가를 적용하였다. 그 결 과, 학습자의 학습흥미를 높이고 학습자가 교수 학습 과정에 적극적으로 참여하도록 유도할 수 있었고, 효 과적으로 자기 주도적 학습 능력을 신장시킬 수 있었다.

Earthquake event keeps increasing every year, and the recent cases of earthquake hazards invoke the necessity of seismic study in Korea, as geotechnical earthquake hazards, such as strong ground motion, liquefaction and landslides, are a significant threat to structures in industrial hub areas including coastal facilities. In this study, systemized framework of integrated assessment of earthquake-induced geotechnical hazard was established using advanced geospatial database. And a visible simulation of the framework was specifically conducted at two coastal facility areas in Incheon. First, the geospatial-grid information in the 3D domain were constructed with geostatistical interpolation method composed of multiple geospatial coverage mapping and 3D integration of geo-layer construction considering spatial outliers and geotechnical uncertainty. Second, the behavior of site-specific seismic responses were assessed by incorporating the depth to bedrock, mean shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m, and characteristic site period based on the geospatial-grid. Third, the normalized correlations between rock-outcrop accelerations and the maximum accelerations of each grid were determined considering the site-specific seismic response characteristics. Fourth, the potential damage due to liquefaction was estimated by combining the geospatial-grid and accelerations correlation grid based on the simplified liquefaction potential index evaluation method.

A 2D barcode region detection method based on embedded system for augmented reality applications was developed. For the successful 2D barcode candidate region detection, the range of variance and frequency of gray level distribution in the test 2D barcodes was modeled and it was combined with the corner features to localize the final 2D barcode candidates. An automatic 2D barcode localization software was developed with the multiple features mixture method and we tested our system on real camera images of several popular 2D barcode symbologies.

고층빌딩이나 해양 라이저와 같은 세장 구조물은 구조시스템의 동적 불안정의 주요 원인인 와류유기진동(vortexinduced vibration, VIV)에 의한 동하중에 매우 취약하다. 와류유기진동이 라이저의 고유진동수 영역에서 발생하는 경우 Lock-in현상으로 피로파괴의 우려가 있다. 본 논문에서는 Lock-in 영역에서 구조물과 유동의 동적거동에 대한 수치해석을 다루었으며, 유동조건 변화에도 불구하고 공진 주파수가 유지되는 현상에 대해 분석하였으며, 유입유동에 대해 수직방향으로 자유진동하는 1자유도의 2차원 원형실린더 단면에 대한 비정상 층류를 가정하였다. 각 시간 단계에서 물체의 움직임을 고려하여 유동장 격자를 재생성하며 비정상 유동과 물체의 운동에 대한 지배방정식을 순차적으로 수치해석하여 유체-구조연성해석을 수행하였다. 결과는 선행연구와 잘 일치함을 보여주었고, Lock-in 현상에 대한 특성을 잘 나타내었다. Lock-in 영역에서는 양력뿐만 아니라 항력도 크게 증가함을 보여주었으며, 실린더의 수직변위는 직경의 20%까지 이름을 나타내었다. 양력과 수직변위의 상관분석을 통해 실린더가 Lock-in 영역에서 양력과 수직변위의 위상차가 동기로부터 반동기로 천이함을 확인하였으며, 이러한 변화가 Lock-in 영역에서 나타나는 공진거동의 원인이 되는 것으로 판된되었다.

As a part of the short-period variability survey (SPVS) at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observa- tory, we obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of the open cluster NGC 1039 (M34). The observations were performed for 22 nights from July 29, 2008 to September 26, 2010. We also made LOAO observations for 10 days from September 18, 2009 to October 30, 2010 to confirm the small variabilties of δ Scuti-type variable stars. In this paper we presented the observational properties of 28 variable stars found in the region. They are seven δ Scuti-type variable stars, two Doradus-type variable stars, four- teen eclipsing binary stars and five semi-long periodic or slow irregular variables, respectively. Only three variables were listed in the GCVS and the rest are newly discovered ones. We have performed multiple- frequency analysis to determine pulsation frequencies of the δ Scuti-type and ɤ Doradus-type variable stars, using the discrete Fourier transform and linear least-square fitting methods. We also have derived the periods and amplitudes of 12 eclipsing binaries from the phase fitting method, and presented the light curves of all variable stars.

목적 : 본 연구는 연하장애재활치료를 수행하고 있는 작업치료사들을 대상으로 손 씻기와 개인 보호 장비 사용에 대한 영역에서 감염관리에 대한 인식과 실태를 조사해보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 연하장애재활치료를 직접 시행하고 있는 작업치료사를 대상으로 설문조사하여 시행하 였으며 설문 작성 시 목적을 충분히 설명하고 설문에 대한 동의를 얻었다. 총 423부의 설문지를 배부하 였으나 356부가 회수 되었고 결측지가 많은 11부를 제외하고 총 345부의 자료를 가지고 분석하였다. 결과 : 전체 작업치료사를 대상으로 분석한 결과 손 씻기와 같은 손 위생 활동은 잘 수행되고 있었으나 성 인 및 소아와 같은 치료분야와 임상경력에 따른 손 씻기 수행률에서도 일부 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 전체적으로 개인 보호 장비 사용여부에서 마스크 및 보호복의 착용이 가장 소홀히 시 행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 연하재활 영역에서의 감염관리에 있어 손 씻기는 대체적으로 잘 이루어지는 실정 이나 기관별로 손을 씻을 때 사용하는 비누 및 건조방법에 대한 차이점을 알 수 있었다. 또한 연하장애 재활치료 시 보호 장비 사용에 대한 인식이 저하되어 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 작업치 료사들의 감염관리 실태를 인식하고 기관 내 감염관리를 위한 보다 체계적인 노력들이 수반되어야 할 것이다.

In Korea, the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) was introduced in 1993 as the official national college entrance examination. Over the 22 years since its inception, the CSAT has gone through numerous changes in its policies regarding the test structure, test administration, test writers, item bank, item difficulty, test materials, score reporting, and the use of test scores. The present study reviewed these policies and policy changes regarding the CSAT, with a focus on the English section ofthe test. The study found that while some of the policies were laudable for beneficial effects on students and the society, some other policies had detrimental effects on the quality of the test and for stakeholders including students, teachers, and parents. More active involvement of testing professionals is suggested for the improvement of policymaking processes and the policies themselves.