본고는 한국어 학습자를 위한 기초 연구로 한국어 타동사 유의어인 ‘숨기다’와 ‘감추다’의 의미를 연구한 것이다. ‘숨기다’와 ‘감추다’의 공통 상위 개념은 ‘비인격적 대상을 남이 못 보게 또는 모르게 함’이다. 그런데 각 동사의 의미 자질이 변별되는데 우선 ‘숨기다’의 경우 선행 목적어로는 ‘인격적 대상’과 ‘독립성 대상’로 한정되고 의도성이 강할 때 사용할 수 있다. 그에 반해 ‘감추다’는 ‘드러난 신체성 대상’과 ‘비실체성 명사’와 어울리며 행위가 자연스러운 경우와 의도성이 약할 때 사용되는 특성이 있다.

게임에서의 텍스트를 추출하고 이를 분석하고자 하였다. 기본적으로 그레마스의 구조생성기호학을 활용하여 텍스트를 분석하고자 하였는데, 연구방법론에서는 현상학, 해석에서는 정신분석학의 이론에서도 도움을 받았다. 구체적인 분석대상으로는 온라인게임인 스타크래프트, 리니지, 스페셜포스를 선택하였다. 연구문제는 이들 세 게임의 의미생성방식에 대한 탐구로 구성되었다. 각 게임의 의미생성방식은 구조생성기호학의 세 가지 층위에서 구분되어 연구되었다. 즉, 심층구조, 기호-설화구조, 담화구조의 세층위로 전환, 발화되면서 점진적으로 의미가 풍성해지는 과정이 탐구되었다. 각 게임의 차이, 나아가 게임 장르간의 차이는 주로 심층 수준의 차이에서 기인한다고 보인다. 이들 게임의 주요 공통점이자, 다른 매체와의 차이점은 행동자 모델에서 두드러지는데, 바로 이용자가 스스로 주체의 위치를 점하게 되는 것이다. 상호작용성으로 대변되는 게임의 특성은 이용자의 텍스트로의 적극적인 개입을 할 수 있게끔 한다. 이러한 적극적인 개입은 이용자가 스스로 텍스트의 주체가 되도록 허용하는데, 주체가 된다고 함은 곧 스스로의 욕망을 직접 대상에 투사하면서 텍스트를 창출함을 의미한다. 바로 이러한 점이 게임의 의미생성방식의 큰 특징이며 다른 매체들과의 주요한 차이점이기도 하다. 더불어 게임이 우리 문화와 사회에 커다란 영향을 미칠 수 있는 기제임이 입증되는 것이기도 하다.

그레마스의 기호 사각형과 구조생성기호학은 언어는 물론 비언어 텍스트 분석에도 유용하기에, 이를 활용하여 스타크래프트를 분석해보고자 하였다. 가장 1차적으로 필요한 작업이 게임 텍스트에 대한 분절이었는데, 본고에서는 크리스티앙 메츠의 거대 통합체 이론과 원칙을 차용하여 게임 텍스트 분절의 기준을 삼았다. 스타크래프트의 기호 사각형을 도출한 결과 스타크래프트는 전쟁이라는 의미축을 중심으로 하여 생산과 파괴라는 기본적인 의미범주를 통하여 의미를 생성하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 의미작용체계에 대한 분석은 향후의 설화수준, 담화수준에서의 의미작용체계분석과 맞물려 총체적인 스타크래프트의 의미생성과정을 파악하는데 디딤돌이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Ess-under-ess sentences, where the so-called past tense marker -ess in the complement clause of propositional attitude verbs occurs under -ess in the matrix clause, can be interpreted differently in some contexts. To take account of the semantic difference between the ess-under-ess sentences, I argue in this paper that the semantic contrast is due to types of predicates associated with -ess. After pointing out some problems with the previous treatments of -ess, I claim that -ess shows duality in the sense that it is parallel to the past tense in some contexts and to the present perfect in other contexts. As a way of disambiguating --ess, this paper comes up with certain types of predicates. That is, the exact meaning of -ess in a given context is dependent upon the types of predicates it is combined with. The predicate types, together with the duality of -ess, bring out semantically different interpretations of ess-under-ess sentences.

Kim Han-chang. 1998. A Semantic Analysis of Focused Yes-No Questions in English and Korean. Studies in Modern Grammar 14, 223-262. In this paper we have attempted to elucidate the relationship of alternatives to be focused in the three basic types of interrogatives(YNQ/AltQ/wHQ) in English and Korean and to classify the speech acts of yes-no questions making a contrastive analysis between the expressions of the two languages in terms of questions and answers. We reduce the speech acts of YNQs by considering various speech act conditions. Our investigation of the syntactic/semantic relationship between the basic types of interrogatives shows that the number of alternative variables determines the classification of these interrogatives: YNQ is restricted to only one focused item to be answered; AltQ is limited to more than one focused disjunctive items: WHQ provides the unlimited number of alternative variables from which to choose answers. These relational phenomena permit composite questions and composite answers besides simple ones. We insist that these composite questions and answers be dealt with in grammar books as particular types of discourse. As for the classification of speech acts we are confined to the YNQs in order to reduce the burden of investigation. The propositional content and illocutionary force were our main concern in dealing with YNQs. Our analysis indicates that the YNQs comprise many kinds of speech acts which ordinary learners of both English and Korean are not ordinarily aware of, We, however, reduced them to informative questions, assumptive questions, dubitative questions, directive questions, rhetorical questions, and reply questions. Our linguistic findings could be useful to the students of both languages. The method of study relies on discriptive approaches, leaving the formalization of linguistic findings to the task of formalists. Descriptivism has its own merits, because it provides data for formalists.

Lee, Bong-seon. 1998. A Semantic Analyisis of the Korean Discourse Marker `Keosigi. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 197-212. The purpose of this paper is to give a pragmatic description of the Korean discourse marker `keosigi`, that is, how a speaker uses it for his purpose and how a hearer interprets it in discourse. The conclusion of this study is summarized as follows; First, the charateristics and the definition of the Korean discourse marker are given. Second, the relevance theory is suggested in which all the pragmatic uses of the discourse marker are inferred. Third, some discourse properties of `keosigi` are examined in accordance with relevance in the context where it is used.

Chung, Yung-sik. 1998. A Study on The Semantic Analysis of OVER and Its Application. Studies in Modern grammatical 13, 41-62. The aim of this thesis is to show the systematic relationships among the interrelated meanings of OVER in English, which runs through all the seemingly different uses of OVER. Based on the semantic analysis of OVER, this study shows that the phenomena of semantic extension are universal. Brugman (1981), followed by Lakoff, showed that OVER can be analyzed as a chained system of senses using image schemas and natural image-schema transformations. The Brugman/Lakoff analysis can be improved, however, by relying more exclusively on image-schema transformation and eliminating some remnants of feature analysis. The key to the analysis is a curved arc-trajectory in the central schema, replacing the flat "across" trajectory presumedly Brugman and Lakoff. This modification leads to the elimination of unnecessary features such as the shape of the landmark, "contact", and subschemas (for ABOVE ad ACROSS). Its main advantage, though, is that the arc-path schema provides the basis for explaining all of the variants of OVER using natural image-schema transformations (and metaphors). The proposed image-schema transformations include: multiple trajectors; multiple-mass; multiple path; path-segment profiling; extending-path trajector; reflexive trajector; resulting state (including extended- path trajector and subjective path to endpoint); and shifted perspective. The meaning of OVER was analyzed previously by Brugman, Lakoff and Kee-dong Lee. But their conditions have problems in the following points: 1. sometimes, even though their conditions are not satisfied, over is used and sometimes, even though satisfied, over is not used. 2. Their explanations of the stationary meaning of over in relation to the basic meaning have no consistency. 3. When they explain the meaning of fall over, turn...over, they thought that TR is LM but their explanations are ad hoc. When the TR is stationary and in noncontact with LM, and is moved and located in the given position, the conditions of the basic meanings can be used in this case if the movements are thought to be the reverse of the movements in the conditions of the basic meanings.