본 연구는 제7차 과학 교육과정에 대한 지구과학 교사들의 관심도와 활용도에 대한 조사연구로서 과학교육과정에 대한 관심도에 대한 고등학교 지구과학 교사들은 단계 0의 지각적 관심이 상대적 강도 98%로 가장 높은 정점을 이루고 있어 대부분의 선행연구의 결과와 같이 교사들이 교육과정에 대해 무관심한 것으로 나타났다. 과학교육과정에 대한 활용도에 대한 고등학교 지구과학 교사들의 과학 교육과정에 대한 영역별 활용도를 분석한 결과는 교사들이 교육과정을 거의 활용하지 않는 수준(I수준)이 1.69%, 지구과학 교육과정에 대한 정보를 갖고 활용하려는 준비가 되어 있는 수준(II수준)이 17.80%, 지구과학 교육과정을 반성적 사고없이 교사중심적으로 활용하는 수준(III수준)이 43.97%이었으며, 교육과정을 완전히 이해하고 수용하여 안정적으로 활용하는 교사수준(IV수준)이 31.86%, 장기적 결과를 생각하며 동료들과 협력하여 더 나은 방안을 탐색하는 수준(V수준)이 4.69%로 나타났다. 전체적인 활용수준은 기계적 활용수준(3단계)으로 나타났고 수업목표 영역(평균 3.28)과 내용 영역(평균 3.28)의 활용도가 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 성격 및 이념 영역(평균 3.24), 수업자료 영역(3.18), 평가 영역(3.18), 수업방법 영역(평균 3.12)의 순으로 나타났다. 경력에 따른 지구과학 교사들의 과학 교육과정에 대한 관심도는 0∼4년, 15∼19년, 20년 이상, 5∼9년 경력의 교사 집단 순이며 10∼14년 경력의 교사 집단이 교육과정에 대한 관심도가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

지구과학 학습 내용들은 교실이나 실험실에서 통제하기 어려운 내용들이 많다. 따라서 이를 극복할 수 있는 하나의 방안으로 가상현실 기술을 도입하여 웹상에서 활용할 수 있는 3D 가상현실 학습프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 701명의 중학교 학생들에게 투입되었다. 그 결과 몰입감을 통한 흥미유발 및 동기유발에 아주 긍정적인 효과가 있었으며, 공간지각 능력 향상에도 큰 도움이 되는 것으로 보여졌다.

오늘날 지구 환경 문제가 크게 부각됨에 따라 환경 교육의 중요성도 점차 강조되고 있다. 과학은 환경에 대한 교육, 환경 안에서의 교육, 환경을 위한 교육 등에 크게 기여할 수 있는 과목이다. 과학의 여러 분야 중에서 지구 과학은 연구의 대상이 지구에서 일어나는 자연적 또는 인위적 변화의 과정이라는 점에서 볼 때, 환경 교육적 차원에서 접근할 수 있는 내용이 상당히 많다. 따라서, 지구 과학 교육은 환경 교육에 큰 역할을 할 수 있음이 분명하다 이는 지구계 교육과 환경 교육의 목표가 거의 일치하고 있고, 지구에 대한 소양을 갖추기 위한 내용이 환경에 대한 소양을 갖추기 위한 내용에서 크게 벗어나지 않음에서도 알 수 있다. 그러나, 우리 나라의 지구 과학 교육 과정에서는 환경 교육적 차원의 관심이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 지구 환경을 전체적으로 고려한 지구 과학 교육이야말로 지구 과학 교육에 대한 새로운 관심을 집중시키는 방법이 될 뿐만 아니라, 인류의 당면 과제인 지구 환경 문제를 해결하고자 하는 환경교육에 적극적으로 참여하게 되는 길이기도 하다.

『한국지구과학회지』가 발간된 지 20년이 지난 이 시점에 우리 나라 지구 과학 연구의 과거와 현재를 살펴보고 이를 근거로 나아갈 방향을 알아보기 위하여 『한국지구과학회지』에 게재된 106편의 지구 과학 교육 연구 논문을 분석하였다. 양적 측면의 분석 결과, 지구 과학 교육 관련 연구가 최근 2년 동안 증가 추세에 있는 것으로 나타났다, 연구의 주제 측면에서 보면, 지구 과학 교육 내용에 관한 연구가 가장 많았으나, 우주 과학, 지질 과학, 대기 과학, 해양 과학 등의 ,세부 영역별 연구가 동일한 비중으로 이루어지지는 않았다. 연구의 대상 측면에서 보면, 교사보다는 학생 , 특히 고등 학생을 대상으로 하는 연구가 많았다. 연구의 방법 측면에서 보면, 교과서나 교육 과정을 분석하거나 검사 문항 등을 활용한 조사 연구가 가장 많았고, 문헌 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 연구의 내용 측면에서 보면, 교수/학습과 관련된 연구가 가장 많이 이루어진 반면 평가나 교사 양성에 관한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다.

본 연구에서는 중학교 및 고등학교의 지구과학 내용에 대한 멀티미디어 학습 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 학습프로그램은 HTML 형식이며 텍스트, 사진, 그림, 동영상 등 다양한 내용물들로 구성되어 있다. 그리고 크게 학습 내용, 용어사전, 생활 과학, 탐구 활동, 영상 자료, 형성 평가 등 6가지 데이터베이스 요소들로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 멀티미디어 학습 프로그램을 교사와 학생들에게 적용해본 결과 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 이 프로그램은 현재 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 인터넷 흠페이지에서 무료로 제공하고 있다.

남북한 중등학교 지구과학 관련 교육과정 및 교과서를 TIMSS 교육과정 분석틀에 의해 비교 분석하였다. 북한의 고등중학교에서는 '지구과학' 과목이 별도로 개설되어 있지 않으며, '지리'에서 부분적으로 지도된다('천문학'은 1996년 고등중학교 교육과정에 처음으로 설정된 과목으로 추정되나 본 연구에서는 구체적 자료를 입수하지 못함). 북한에서 지리는 고등중학교 1∼5학년에서 주당 2시간씩 지도되고 있으며, 1학년 및 5학년용 지리 내용의 대부분이 지구과학과 관련되어 있다. 남한의 경우 지구 과학 영역의 목표는 '자연 현상의 탐구에 흥미와 호기심을 가지고, 기본적인 탐구 방법과 과학 지식을 습득하여 창의적으로 문제를 해결하는 능력을 기르게 한다'는 데 있으며, 북한 지리 교육의 목표는 '김일성 및 김정일 부자에게 충직한 주체형의 공산주의 혁명가 양성'이라고 할 수 있다. 남한과 북한 모두 '지구의 모양과 '지구의 변화 과정'을 많이 지도하고 있는데 비해, 남한에서 많은 비중을 차지하는 '우주 속에서의 지구'가 북한에서 매우 적은 것은 북한에서 '천문학'을 별도로 지도함을 시사한다. 전체적으로 북한의 지구과학 영역의 범위와 수준은 남한의 중학교 수준에 해당한다고 볼 수 있는데, 특히 기상 분야 및 천문분야의 경우는 남한과 수준차가 심하다.

This paper was made for the purpose of research for direction on earth science subject matter of high school in Korea. For this purpose, we 1) reviewed the essence of science and goals and contents of science education, 2) reviewed the change of education of earth science subject matter, 3) investigated earth science teacher's opinion by questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. Earth science subject matter must provide to students scientific process and knowledge - Process : to promote student's concerns for an interest in nature surrounding them, to help students develop and method in solving problems and its application for problem solving, recognition of variables of scientific method, to promote fundamental experiment and skills for scientific inquiry, etc. - Knowledge : provide systematic knowledge than simple rote, to help students understand concepts of recent scientific knowledge, contains STS, etc. 2. Earth science education must consider educational philosophy and educational psychology education of scientific literacy, partial professional education, conformity of development stage, sequence between school levels, attitudes to adaptation of scientific knowledge, method, skills and problem solving toward future positive attitudes to science, moral sense of science, minimum essense and difference of lines, open of upper limit, understanding the specific character of earth science, scientific knowledge development continuously, relationships of other subject matter, etc.

The purpose of the study is to provide meaningful suggestions according to the theoretical backgrounds and the scholastic characteristics and the present status of earth science education as a field of subject lesson education. Based on the results presented, the following are the conclusions and suggestions of this study. 1. Based on the scholastic characteristics, earth science plays a role as a subject content education, and earth science education functions a leading part as a subject lesson education. Accordingly, this might be an essential field for training earth science teacher with education. 2. It is thought that the educational goals of the department of earthscience education might be trained to be in an earth science educator rather than earth scientist or natural scientist. 3. It is thought that the solid background to the subject contents is essential for becoming earth science teacher. For the reason, the curriculum for training earth science teachers needs to be reformed to what extent like the criterion of the department of natural science. If it is really in a difficult matter, it might be effective for training earth science teacher to take the course work of science content related in the department of natural science under the equal circumstances. 4. It is considered that the curriculum of the department of earth science education might be organized according to the integrated subject lesson education rather than separate subject content education. 5. It is thought that the suggestions presented above will be accepted as the real worth of teacher training school and its pursuing goals are recognized as it is.

In recent years, there has been a great change in the earth science. Introducing new theories such as sea floor spreading and plate tectonics theories, sophisticated geological phenomena including continental drift, earthquakes and volcanic activities can be scientificaly explained. According to the great change of the concept of earth tectonics, earth science curriculum of domestic and foreign secondary school are now adapting this new concept such as new global tectonics. The aim of this study is to improve curriculum and develope a new efficient teaching-learning method by analyzing the contents of the chapter connected with plate tectonics in the elementary, middle and high school curriculum. For this purpose, American ESCP, CEEP and Korean earth science textbooks were analyzed in terms of general concept, system and construction. As the results, newly setting up the plate tectonics chapter include the contents of the concept of the plate, plate movement and historical back ground of the new global tectonics.

The earth science was set down as a regular subject of high-school curricilum in 1956 and has been constantly transited since then. This study is to discover the theoretical basic of science education by analyzing the background of formation of the curriculum and the process of transition. The aim of this study is to give an important suggestions for the future Earth Science Education. The summary of the study and suggestions for the sixth amendment of Earth Science curriculum are as follows 1. To promote the development of Science Education, Science subjects should be decided to be a compulsory subject by authority and supported financially. 2. It is necessary that the Earth Science be selected as a required subject in both human and natural course ; at least 4 unit for the human study course, and 8 unit for the natural course. 3. In the sixth amendment of curriculum the Earth Science should be fixed as a regular compulsory subject and both experiment and practice should be reinforced.

The purpose of the present study is to figure out the characteristics and differences among eight textbooks of high school Science I B (Earth Science) among all currently used high school Earth Science textbooks (Science I B and Earth Science) published in accordance with the fifth amended high school curriculum by comparing and analysing the contents in them The conclusions are as follows 1. The contents of each unit are not much different among textbooks since they are written according to the curriculum ordinance and textbook guidelines of the Ministry of Education. However, the contents and the sizes of the newly introduced unit 1 on $quot;Exploration of the Earth$quot; are found to vary significantly from one to another. This unit is also found to be rather formally and inattentatively written. 2. In many instances certain identical concepts and phenomena are found to be described using different terminology in different textbooks. 3. Some physical quantities are found to be described in different ways for the identical conceps and phenomena in different textbooks. 4. The amount of pages devoted to each field is found to be ordered as follows : Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology, Geophysics, Oceanography, etc. However, the relative amounts vary significantly among different textbooks with exceptions of textbooks A and D. This is believed to be caused by preponderence of authors in certain fields instead of balanced composition. Therefore, the education authorities are urged to unify the terminology and physical quantities that are used differently for identical concept and phenomena by consulting with textbook writers and professional institutions so that efficient teaching and learning can be achieved in the school. In addition, considering the multi-science nature of Earth Science which emphasizes the interdisciplinary approach as well as the importance of Earth Science as a basic science, the textbook should be written without preponderating of certain field over others.

One of fundamental bases for the desirable Science Education is effective evaluation, and the objectives of the Science Education can be used for the reasonable basis of this evaluation. In this paper, to study the current state of the high school Earth Science Education, comparison was made between the objectives of Education proposed by textbook and those to be measured by Scholastic Achievement test, and the result was analyzed. 1. The objectives of both the textbook and Scolastic Achievement test are highly oriented to obtain theory and comprehension. 2. The objectives which measure the Process of Scientific Inquiry are to some extent satisfied by the textbook but not by the Scholastic Achievement test. Consequently the future evaluation process should be modified in order to evaluate properly the ability for the process of Scientific Inquiry of the students properly.

1. The aim of this study is to find the theoretical foundation of science education and to offer a basic materials and efficient suggestions for the 2000s Earth Science by analyzing and comparing the new curriculum amended in 1988 and the old one amended in 1981. 2. The main contents of this study is to find the problems in curriculum and to suggest the way to improve the curriculum by analyzing and comparing the new and old curriculum. 3. The problems that may appear in the new curriculum are as follows. (1) It's hard to expect the normal Earth Science Education in high school because Earth Science is designated as an optional subject in natural course. (2) It is contradictory to relation in learning to unify the Earth Science I and Biology I into Science I in new curriculum. (3) If the new curriculum goes in effect it is natural that Earth Science teachers quality should be lowered because able students will avoid entering the Department of Earth Science Education in university. 4. The suggestions to help improve the Earth Science curriculum in 2000s are as follows. (1) For the normal Earth Science Education, Earth Science should be designated as a required subject in civic science course as well as in natural course in high school. (2) The aim of Earth Science Education should be amended not to be dicipline centered curriculum but to satisfy the future society or individual's desire (3) The intergrated science should be researched profoundly and it is necessary to name Earth Science Geophysics, which is unified with physics. (4) Natural science curriculum should be amended by the committee constituted with the specialist in science education, scientists, and science teachers ; it is not proper that science curriculum be reached and discussed by an reorganization in which a few specialists in science education join.

Four observational astronomical item, have been pilottested with a 150mm refracting telescope in order to layout the detailed procedures for the suggested (inquiry) activities listed in the high school earth science curriculum and to contrive some adequate instructions for students stressed on how to make proper treatments with the collected materials. The tested items were of sunspots' motion, the size of lunar craters, the Galilian satellites' revolution, and the galactic distribution of stars. Following series of activities are suggested with respect to the way of collecting observational data and of giving proper instruction to students in class: 1) Photography and other material, he made by teacher and/or extracurricular group of students; 2) Replicas (xeroxed, photographs, Or slides) he made from the collected materials, '0 that they are available to all the students in class; 3) Quantative analyses, be taken as student' activity.

This study aims at giving effective suggestions for future Earth Science Education by making a theoretical teaching-learning model for inquiry science. The main subject of this study is to establish the learning system, educational goal and guide theory of Earth Science Education. Through above mentioned, following suggestions are presented: (1) The experiments and observations should be more emphasized than lectures in Earth Science Education. (2) It is necessary to retrain Earth Science teachers in order to improve their ability to guide the student's experiments. (3) Well designed laboratory equipments and kids of good quality and resonable price should be supplied. (4) Every teacher should work on positive line, extending the range of information through participating in the Korean Earth Science Education society, Earth Science meetings and various science education seminars.

이 硏究는 우리나라 國民學校 自然科 敎師用 指針書와 美國(Holt Science)의 敎師用 指針書를 分析 比較하였다. 各國의 科學敎育의 性格과 硏究課程 要素를 比較하여 보고 實際 內容에 있어서는 低學年에서 空氣分野와 高學年에서 海洋分野의 것을 다루었다.

地球科學 敎育에 關心을 갖고 硏究하던 중 1984年 2學期부터 1年間 美國 노-드 카로라이나 주립대학에 硏究敎授로 가서 國民學校 科學中 地球科學 敎育課程 內容을 比較 分析 硏究하게 되었다. 이 硏究는 우리 敎科書와 美國의 敎科書(Holt Science)의 體裁, 開發順序, 內容 및 槪念들을 比較하였다.

The papers of earth science examinations given during the first semester of 1981 academic year were collected from the seventy five high schools randomly chosen all over the country. The examination questions were analyzed and evaluated in order to grasp the current state and issues of earth science education. Some critical remarks and suggestions are made for improvement of the earth science education at the secondary school level.

This study aims to present an effective basic material and data for the future earth science education by analysizing earth science curriculum of Korean high school. The method used in this study is based on comparison and analysis of the related reference materials. The main subject of this study is to find the changing history of earth science curriculum and compare the Korean earth science curriculum revised in 1982 to the American and Japan curriculums. Based on these studies following suggestions are presented for the future earth science education; 1) The laboratory education in earth science should be more emphasized than lecture. 2) It is urgent need to publish laboratory manuals for students. 3) Well designed laboratory equipments and good quality kits of reasonable price should be supplied.