There have been various studies on measurements of flood risk and forecasting models. For river and dam region, PDF and FVI has been proposed for measurement of flood risk and regression models have been applied for forecasting model. For Bo region unlikely river or dam region, flood risk would unexpectedly increase due to outgoing water to keep water amount under the designated risk level even the drain system could hardly manage the water amount. GFI and general linear model was proposed for flood risk measurement and forecasting model. In this paper, FVI with the consideration of duration on GFI was proposed for flood risk measurement at Bo region. General linear model was applied to the empirical data from Bo region of Nadong river to derive the forecasting model of FVI at three different values of Base High Level, 2m, 2.5m and 3m. The significant predictor variables on the target variable, FVI were as follows: ground water level based on sea level with negative effect, difference between ground altitude of ground water and river level with negative effect, and difference between ground water level and river level after Bo water being filled with positive sign for quantitative variables. And for qualitative variable, effective soil depth and ground soil type were significant for FVI.

This study investigated the relationship between function classification systems and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) functional skills in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Two hundred and eleven children with CP participated in this study. The Korean-Gross Motor Function Classification System (K-GMFCS), Korean-Manual Ability Classification System (K-MACS), Korean-Communication Function Classification System (K-CFCS), and self-care, mobility, and social function domains of the Korean-Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (K-PEDI) functional skills were measured by physical therapists or occupational therapists. All of the function classification systems were significantly correlated with PEDI functional skills (rs=-.549 to -.826) (p<.05). Especially, K-GMFCS, K-MACS, and K-CFCS were correlated significantly with mobility, self-care, and social function, respectively. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, we established that K-GMFCS, K-MACS, and K-CFCS were predictors of self-care skills (74.3%) and mobility skills (79.5%) of the K-PEDI (p<.05). In addition, K-CFCS and K-MACS were predictors of social function (65.9%) of the K-PEDI (p<.05). The information gathered in this study using the levels measured in the function classification systems may be useful to clinicians for estimating the PEDI functional skills in children with CP.

This study is to review retirement function measures for estimating capital stocks. The measures include Retirement Probability Density Function(RPDF), Retirement Cumulative Distribution Function(RCDF), Retirement Survival Function(RSF) and Retirement Rate Function(RRF). The paper also provides the recommendations for using RRF as a distinct identification of the retirement curve functions for empirical service lives data.

This research discusses the characteristics and the implementation strategies for two types of quality metrics to analyze innovation effects in six sigma projects: fixed specification type and moving specification type. Zst, Ppk are quality metrics of fixed specification type that are influenced by predetermined specification. In contrast, the quality metrics of moving specification type such as Strictly Standardized Mean Difference(SSMD), Z-Score, F-Statistic and t-Statistic are independent from predetermined specification. Zst sigma level obtains defective rates of Parts Per Million(PPM) and Defects Per Million Opportunities(DPMO). However, the defective rates between different industrial sectors are incomparable due to their own technological inherence. In order to explore relative method to compare defective rates between different industrial sectors, the ratio of specification and natural tolerance called, Ppk, is used. The drawback of this Ppk metric is that it is highly dependent on the specification. The metrics of F-Statistic and t-Statistic identify innovation effect by comparing before-and-after of accuracy and precision. These statistics are not affected by specification, but affected by type of statistical distribution models and sample size. Hence, statistical significance determined by above two statistics cannot give a same conclusion as practical significance. In conclusion, SSMD and Z-Score are the best quality metrics that are uninfluenced by fixed specification, theoretical distribution model and arbitrary sample size. Those metrics also identify the innovation effects for before-and-after of accuracy and precision. It is beneficial to use SSMD and Z-Score methods along with popular methods of Zst sigma level and Ppk that are commonly employed in six sigma projects. The case studies from national six sigma contest from 2011 to 2012 are proposed and analyzed to provide the guidelines for the usage of quality metrics for quality practitioners.

Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 고령친화제품 · 서비스의 개념화 Ⅲ. 고령친화 소비욕구 척도의 개발 Ⅳ. 결 론

본 연구는 세계 최대 소비시장으로 성장하고 있는 중국 소비자의 G감성 유형별 특징을 알아보고, 감성별 소비형태 및 선호 컬러를 분석하여 중국시장을 위한 기초자료로 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 조사를 위해 중국 4개 도시의 소비자를 대상으로 G감성 및 소비 형태에 대한 설문을 실시하였다. G감성유형을 분류한 결과 중국 소비자는 자신의 가치관과 정체성에 따라 행동하며, 합리적이고 논리적인 소비를 추구하는 G1유형이 가장 많이 나타났으며, 선행연구의 한국소비자에서 가장 많이 나타난 G3유형과는 다른 시장 성격을 나타냈다. 소비의 특성으로 중국소비자는 백화점에서 의류 구입을 선호하고 있으며, G2유형의 경우 백화점 다음으로 로드샵을 선호하고 있어 G감성에서 제시한 행동범위가 넓고 소비가 많은 행동파의 유형특성과 일치하고 있다. 중국소비자는 의복구매 시개인이 선호하는 컬러를 우선 구입하고 있으며, 무채색의 선호 비중이 매우 높게 나타났다. 무채색에서 검정의 비율이 가장 높았으며, 백색, 짙은 회색, 옅은 회색의 순으로 조사되었다. 유채색에서는 브라운, 오렌지, 빨강, 파랑의 순으로 나타났으며, G4유형의 경우 다른 유형에 비하여 다양한 색채 선호를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 패션디자인과 기업의 마케팅전략 기초자료로 활용 할 수 있으며, 소비자를 위한 새로운 커뮤니케이션 방법으로 활용할 수 있다.

본 연구는 교정시설/소년원학교에서 실시되고 있는 문화예술교육 효과성을 측정할 수 있는 측정도구를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 우선적으로 문헌검토를 통하여 이론적 근간을 마련하고, 현재 교정시설/소년원학교에서 운영되고 있는 문화예술교육 프로그램의 목적과 목표를 분석하고 문화예술 강사들의 포커스그룹 인터뷰 및 전문가와의 논의를 거쳐 문화예술교육 효과성의 구성개념과 예비문항을 구성하였다. 프로그램의 참여자들의 문항의 이해도를 높이기 위해 파일럿 테스트를 실시하고 윤문작업을 거쳤으며, 이후 탐색적 요인분석과 문항스크린 작업을 하였다. 본 조사는 2회로 나누어 실시하였는데, 1차 조사 설문지의 배포와 수거는 2011년 8월 10일부터 8월 20일에 걸쳐 시행하였으며, 총 842명(교정시설 589명, 소년원학교 253명)이 참여하였다. 2차 조사는 1차 조사의 분석결과를 바탕으로 문항조정을 실시하여 설문조사하였으며, 조사기간은 2011년 12월 10일부터 30일까지였으며, 총 691명(교정시설 505명, 소년원학교 186명)이 참여하였다. 측정된 결과는 문항스크린(기술통계치, 신뢰도 등), 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석 순으로 분석하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과 6개 요인, 63개 문항으로 최종 척도가 구성되었다. 전체 문화예술교육 효과성 척도의 신뢰도는 .927로 양호한 결과를 보였으며, 확인적 요인분석을 수행한 결과, 모형적합도 지수 또한 적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 교정시설/소년원학교 문화예술교육 효과성을 측정하기 위한 척도는 최종적으로 ‘스트레스 17문항’, ‘사회성 17문항’, ‘문화예술 선호성 7문항’, ‘긍정성 10문항’, ‘자기조절력 8문항’, ‘표현력 4문항’의 6요인, 63개 문항으로 구성하였다.

F-Measure is one of the external measures for evaluating the validity of clustering results. Though it has clear advantages over other widely used external measures such as Purity and Entropy, F-Measure has inherently been less sensitive than other validity measures. This insensitivity owes to the definition of F-Measure that counts only most influential portions. In this research, we present Fn-Measure, an external cluster evaluation measure based on F-Measure. Fn-Measure is so sensitive that it can detect their difference in the cases that F-Measure cannot detect the difference in clustering results. We compare Fn-Measure to F-Measure for a few clustering results and show which measure draws better result based upon homogeneity and completeness

F-Measure is one of the external validity indexes for evaluating clustering results and has been widely used.Though it has clear advantage over other widely usedexternal measures such as Purity and Entropy, FMeasure has inherently been less sensitive than other validity indexes in some cases. This insensitivity owes to the definition of F-Measure that counts only most influential portions. In this research, we define a new validity index based on F-Measure, called Fn-Measure and show that it can detect the difference in the cases that original F-Measure cannot detect the difference in clustering results.

This paper aims to develop a new chain metrics for obtaining lean Overall Equipment Effectiveness(OEE) and present implementation strategy which considers the properties for Total Productive Maintenance(TPM) to reduce machine losses, Performance Analysis and Control(PAC) to reduce labor losses, Lean Production System(LPS) to reduce floor wastes, and Theory of Constraints(TOC) to minimize the problem of Capacity Constrained Resource(CCR). The study reviews the related literatures and reformulates the structure of machine losses, labor losses and field wastes. The research also develops the integrated productivity metrics according to time, units, reliability and maintainability. It is found that the study develops the actual productivity measure in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and standard productivity. In addition to that, it outlines and develops by using the integrated LPS and TPM, lean OEE measures such as Time Based Productivity(TBP), Unit Based Productivity(UBP), and Reliability & Maintainability Based Availability(RMBA). Implication examples are proposed to make it easier and available for practioners to understand the implementation strategies about TPM OEE, lean OEE and TOC OEE. Futhermore related to other studies, the research contributes to create a new chain productivity measures to clear the interrelationship concepts of productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover the paper develops the enhanced OEE measures by integration of TPM, PAC, LPS and TOC with the perspective of schedule, throughput, reliability, maintainability and availability.

The research discusses interrelationship of structural and reliability importance measures which used in the probabilistic safety assessment. The most frequently used component importance measures, such as Birnbaum's Importance (BI), Risk Reduction (RR), Risk Reduction Worth (RRW), RA (Risk Achievement), Risk Achievement Worth (RAW), Fussel Vesely (FV) and Critically Importance (CI) can be derived from two structure importance measures that are developed based on the size and the number of Minimal Path Set (MPS) and Minimal Cut Set (MCS). In order to show an effectiveness of importance measures which is developed in this paper, the three representative functional structures, such as series-parallel, k out of n and bridge are used to compare with Birnbaum's Importance measure. In addition, the study presents the implementation examples of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) metrics and alternating renewal process models with exponential distribution to calculate the availability and unavailability of component facility for improving system performances. System state structure functions in terms of component states can be converted into the system availability (unavailability) functions by substituting the component reliabilities (unavailabilities) for the component states. The applicable examples are presented in order to help the understanding of practitioners.

Since the thirteenth century, large scale facilities and various instruments for astronomical observation were built and installed in East Asia. During the Yuan Dynasty, S. ti.ntai (Beijing astronomical observatory in the Yuan Dynasty, 司天臺) was built in Beijing in 1279. Various astronomical instruments, including Ganui (Jianyi, simplified armillary sphere, 簡儀), Yang-yi (upward hemisphere, 仰儀) and Gyupyo (gnomon, 圭表) were installed in this observatory. These astronomical instruments were modified and improved by researchers of the Joseon Dynasty. Ganuidae (Joseon astronomical observatory, 簡儀臺) was built in Gyeongbokgung (or Gyeongbok palace, 景福宮), Seoul. Its scale was 31 Cheok (Korean feet in the Joseon Dynasty, 尺) in height, 47 Cheok in length and 32 Cheok in width. Lee, Cheon (李蕆, 1376~1451), a responsible leader of Ganuidae project, set up various astronomical instruments with his colleagues. Ganui and Jeongbangan (direction-determining board, 正方案) were installed at the top of this observatory. Gyupyo was installed at the west side of this observatory and Honui (armillary sphere, 渾儀) and Honsang (celestial globe, 渾象) were installed in a small pavilion which was located next to Gyupyo. A decade after installation, this observatory was moved to the north-west side of the palace but almost destroyed during Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 except Ganuidae. We have analyzed documents about Ganuidae and investigated Chinese remains of astronomical observatories and artifacts of astronomical instruments. In this paper, we suggest the appearance, structure, arrangement and scale of Ganuidae, which are expected to be used for the restoration of Ganuidae at some day in the near future.

Since the non-metric Multidimensional scaling (nMDS), a data visualization technique, provides with insights about engineering, economic, and scientific applications, it is widely used for analyzing large non-metric multidimensional data sets. The nMDS re

본 연구에서는 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프리더십 척도를 개발하였다. 제작된 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프리더십 척도의 문항들의 타당도를 검증하였고, 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프 리더십 척도의 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 첫째, 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프 리더십 척도의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프 리더십 척도의 문항들을 요인 분석한 결과, 4개의 요인으로 분류하였다. 각 요인들은 자기존중, 자기효능, 자기보상으로 명명하였다. 제작된 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프 리더십 척도의 누적 설명량은 45.101%로 측정되었다. 특히 자기존중의 설명량은 31.086%로 가장 높았고, 자기효능은 7.747%, 자기보상은 6.269%순으로 나타났다. 이는 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프 리더십 척도로 자기존중을 가장 우선적으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프 리더십 척도의 신뢰도를 알아보기 위해 Cronbach’ ａ계수를 산출하였다. 개발된 코칭철학을 적용한 유아 셀프 리더십 척도의 신뢰도 계수는 각 하위 요인별로 신뢰도를 산출한 결과, 1요인(자기존중)의 Cronbach’ ａ계수가 .851로 가장 높았고 자기효능은 .801, 자기보상은 .730으로 높은 신뢰도를 보였다. 이는 본 연구에서 개발한 코칭철 학을 적용한 유아 셀프 리더십 척도가 유아 셀프 리더십을 신뢰롭게 평가할 수 있음을 나타내고 있는 것이다.

Balance is a complex motor skill that depends on interactions between multiple sensorimotor processes and environmental and functional contexts. Many rehabilitation specialists believe that balance assessment under multitask conditions may be a more sensitive indicator of balance problems and falls than balance assessment in a single-task context. Functional Gait Assessment has many tasks that allow for testing under multitask conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity between the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed "Up & Go" Test (TUG) in patients with stroke. One hundred and five participants with at least 3 months post stroke and able to walk at least 6 m with or without a mono cane, participated in this study. Concurrent validity between the FGA, BBS, and TUG was assessed using Spearman rank order correlation. The FGA correlated with the BBS (r=.80, p<.01) and TUG (r=-.77, p<.01). The good and moderate correlation between the FGA, BBS, and TUG establishes the concurrent validity of the FGA in patients with stroke. These measures provide clinicians with valuable information about patients' functional balance capabilities.