Nickel oxide was doped with a wide range of concentrations (mol%) of Aluminum (Al) by solvothermal synthesis;single-phased nano powder of nickel oxide was generated after calcination at 900oC. When the concentration of Al dopant wasincreased, the reduced intensity was confirmed through XRD analysis. Lattice parameters of the synthesized NiO powder weredecreased after treatment of the dopant; parameters were increased when the concentration of Al was over the doping limit(5mol% Al). The binding energy of Ni2+ was chemically shifted to Ni3+ by doping Al3+ ion, as confirmed by the XPS analysis.The tilted structure of the synthesized NiO with 5mol% Al dopant and the polycrystalline structure of the Ni0.75Al0.25O wereobserved by HR-TEM analysis. The electrical conductivity of the newly synthesized NiO was highly improved by Al dopingin the conductivity test. The electrical conductivity values of the commercial NiO and the synthesized NiO with 5mol% Aldopant (Ni0.95Al0.05O) were 1,400s/cm and 2,230s/cm at 750oC, respectively. However, the electrical conductivity of thesynthesized NiO with 10mol% Al dopant (Ni0.9Al0.1O) decreased due to the scattering of free-electrons caused by the largenumber of impurity atoms; the electrical conductivity of Ni0.9Al0.1O was 545s/cm at 750oC.

Pure zirconia and x mol% calcia partially stabilized zirconia (x = 1.5, 3, and 8) nanopowders were synthesized by hydrothermal method with various reaction temperatures for 24 hrs. The precipitated precursor of pure zirconia and x mol% calcia doped zirconia was prepared by adding NH4OH to starting solutions; resulting sample was then put into an autoclave reactor. The optimal experimental conditions, such as reaction temperatures and times and amounts of stabilizer CaO, were carefully studied. The synthesized ZrO2 and x mol% CaO-ZrO2 (x = 1.5, 3, and 8) powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, and Raman spectroscopy. When the hydrothermal temperature was as low as 160˚C, pure ZrO2 and x mol% CaO-ZrO2 (x = 1.5 and 3) powders were identified as a mixture of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. However, a stable tetragonal phase of zirconia was observed in the 8 mol% calcia doped zirconia nanopowder at hydrothermal temperature above 160˚C. To observe the phase transition, the 3 mol% CaO-ZrO2 and 8 mol% CaO-ZrO2 nanopowders were heat treated from 600 to 1000˚C for 2h. The 3 mol% CaO-ZrO2 heat treated at above 1000˚C was found to undergo a complete phase transition from mixture phase to monoclinic phase. However, the 8 mol% calcia doped zirconia appeared in the stable tetragonal phase after heat treatment. The result of this study therefore should be considered as the preparation of 8 mol% CaO-ZrO2 nanopowders via the hydrothermal method.

최근 해양레저에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 요트의 이용과 구매에 대한 관심이 증가됨에 따라 수상 또는 해상의 부유식 구조물이 필요하게 되었으며, 이에 따라 부유식 구조물을 계류하는 방식으로 수중 지반에 커다란 중량 콘크리트 블록을 설치하고 계류삭을 어느 정도 느슨하게 연결하여 계류하는 방식을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 수위차가 나거나 흐름이 있는 곳에서는 부유식구조물 자체가 위치제어가 안되므로, 한곳에 일정하게 머물게 하기 위해서 긴장계류장치(tens

본 연구는 각 연결부에 대한 수치 해석을 통하여 강재-콘크리트 합성 프레임 구조물의 성능을 조사하였다. 본 연구 의 혁신적인 측면은 강재 보와 CFT 기둥의 연결부 사용과 저탄소강과 형상 기억 합금 구성요소의 조합을 활용하 는데 있다. 이러한 새로운 연결부의 목적은 지진 후 건물의 손상과 잔류 흐름을 줄이기 위해 고탄성 형상기억합금 인장부에서 발생하는 교정 작용과 저탄소강의 우수한 에너지 분산 능력을 활용하는 것이다. 연결부의 핀, 전체적인 고정 또는 부분 구속으로 모델링을 할 수 없기 때문에 이러한 구조물들의 해석과 설계는 복잡하여 PR-CFT 연결부 의 전체적인 거동을 알기 위한 수치해석을 위해 정교한 3차원 솔리드 요소로 구성된 유한해석 모델을 개발하였다. 이러한 유한요소 해석으로 얻은 결과를 바탕으로 스프링 요소를 이용하여 간단한 연결부 모델링을 공식화 시켰다. 반복 하중을 가하여 전체 프레임 구조물의 거동을 확인하였고 3D 유한요소 해석을 통하여 단순 거동을 비교하였 다.

The synthesis behavior of nanoporous silica aerogel in the macroporous ceramic structure was observed using TEOS as a source material and glycerol as a dry control chemical additive (DCCA). Silica aerogel in the macroporous ceramic structure was synthesized via sono-gel process using hexamethyldiazane (HMDS) as a modification agent and n-hexane as a main solvent. The wet gel with a modified surface was dried at under ambient pressure. The addition of glycerol appears to give the wet gel a more homogeneous microstructure. However, glycerol also retarded the rate of surface modification and solvent exchange. Silica aerogel completely filled the macroporous ceramic structure without defect in the condition of surface modification (20% HMDS/nhexane at 36hr).

We evaluated structural performance of Frame for uniformly distributed load to micro piles which was arranged in a line. We predicted behavior and load distribution with Abaqus which is general finite analysis program. And Structrual experiment was conducted using full scale test model.

The purpose of this study is to deliberate on design application for a structure of beam with partially restrained composite connection to CFT column. It was intended to apply an economic and stable component by adjusting stiffness ratio of column connection through partially restrained composite connection. As a result of the review of stability of the structure, it was confirmed that in case of a low-rise building as a moment frame, it could be resisted without brace, as stiffness was increased when taking advantage of partial restrained composite connection by composite action.

As a growth-template of ZnO nanorods (NR), a hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheet (NS) was synthesized with the low temperature hydrothermal process and its microstructure was investigated using a high resolution scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate was hydrolyzed by hexamethylenetetramine with the same mole ratio and various temperatures, growth times and total concentrations. The optimum hydrothermal processing condition for the best crystallinity of hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 NS was determined to be with 3.5 mM at 95˚C for 2 h. The prepared Ni(OH)2 NSs were two dimensionally arrayed on a substrate using an air-water interface tapping method, and the quality of the array was evaluated using an X-ray diffractometer. Because of the similarity of the lattice parameter of the (0001) plane between ZnO (wurzite a = 0.325 nm, c = 0.521 nm) and hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 (brucite a = 0.313 nm, c = 0.461 nm) on the synthesized hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 NS, ZnO NRs were successfully grown without seeds. At 35 mM of divalent Zn ion, the entire hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 NSs were covered with ZnO NRs, and this result implies the possibility that ZnO NR can be grown epitaxially on hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 NS by a soluble process. After the thermal annealing process, β-Ni(OH)2 changed into NiO, which has the property of a p-type semiconductor, and then ZnO and NiO formed a p-n junction for a large area light emitting diode.

In construction industries, new construction materials are needed to overcome some problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials due to the change of environmental and social requirements. Accordingly, the requirements to be satisfied in the design of civil engineering structures are diversified. As a new construction material in the civil engineering industries, fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) has a superior corrosion resistance, high specific strength/stiffness, etc. Therefore, such properties can be used to mitigate the problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials. Nowadays, new types of bridge piers and marine piles are being studied for new construction. They are usually made of concrete filled fiber reinforced polymeric plastic tubes (CFFT). In this paper, a new type of FRP-concrete composite pile which is composed of reinforced concrete filled FRP tube (RCFFT) is proposed to improve compressive strength as well as flexural strength. The load carrying capacity of proposed RCFFT compression member is discussed based on the result of experimental and analytical investigations.

ZnO nanostructures were grown on an Au seed layer by a hydrothermal method. The Au seed layer was deposited by ion sputter on a Si (100) substrate, and then the ZnO nanostructures were grown with different precursor concentrations ranging from 0.01 M to 0.3M at 150˚C and different growth temperatures ranging from 100˚C to 250˚C with 0.3 M of precursor concentration. FE-SEM (field-emission scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and PL (photoluminescence) were carried out to investigate the structural and optical properties of the ZnO nanostructures. The different morphologies are shown with different growth conditions by FE-SEM images. The density of the ZnO nanostructures changed significantly as the growth conditions changed. The density increased as the precursor concentration increased. The ZnO nanostructures are barely grown at 100˚C and the ZnO nanostructure grown at 150˚C has the highest density. The XRD pattern shows the ZnO (100), ZnO (002), ZnO (101) peaks, which indicated the ZnO structure has a wurtzite structure. The higher intensity and lower FWHM (full width at half maximum) of the ZnO peaks were observed at a growth temperature of 150˚C, which indicated higher crystal quality. A near band edge emission (NBE) and a deep level emission (DLE) were observed at the PL spectra and the intensity of the DLE increased as the density of the ZnO nanostructures increased.

Heck coupling 반응을 이용해서 poly{2-[2-(2,5-bis-dodecyloxy-4-propenyl-phenyl)-vinyl]- 7-methyl-fluoren-9-one(PFone), poly{2-[2-(2,5-bis-dodecyloxy-4-propenyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-7-methyl-fluoren-9-ylidene}-malonitrile(PF2CN)을 합성하였다. 합성한 중합체의 광학적, 전기화학적 특성을 흡수, 형광분광법 및 cyclic voltammetry(CV)를 통해 확인하였다. PFone과 PF2CN 필름의 흡수 극대치는 410 nm과 410.5 nm에서 나타났다. PFone 및 PF2CN의 최대 발광파장은 각각 633과 635nm로 나타났다. PFone과 PF2CN의 band gap은 각각 2.06eV 과 2.36eV이고 CV를 통해 측정한 LUMO 에너지 준위는 -3.36eV 와 -3.46eV로 나타났다.

Nanostructured was synthesized to have high density via rapid and cost effective process named as high-frequency induction heated combustion synthesis(HFIHCS) method. For the process, mechanically activated Re-Si powder was used, which had been prepared by mechanical ball milling of Re and Si powders with mixing ratio of 1:1.75. Both combustion synthesis and densification were accomplished simultaneously by applying electric current and mechanical pressure of 80 MPa during the process. The average grain size, hardness, and fracture toughness of the compound were 210 nm, 1085 and 4 , respectively. The experimental results show that HFIHCS is a promising process for synthesis of nanostructured which has a potential for both high temperature and thermo-electric applications

SnO nanosheets were prepared at room temperature through a reaction between an aqueous solution of SnCl2, N2F4, and NaOH and were converted into SnO2 nanosheets without a morphological change. The SnO nanosheets were formed through a dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. Uniform and well-dispersed SnO nanosheets with the round-shape morphology were attained when the solution was treated by ultrasonic sound immediately after the addition of NaOH. The SnO2 nanosheets prepared by means of solution reduction under the ultrasonic treatment, and subsequent oxidation at 600˚C showed a high level of gas sensitivity to C2H5OH and CH3COCH3.

It is possible to apply DNA sequencing data of A. oryzae RIB40 (Tominaga et al, 2006) to investigation of genomic structure of homologous gene cluster in 210 A. oryzae RIB strains. Using PCR technique, 210 A. oryzae RIB strains were easily classified into groups 1, 2, and 3, and others according to amplified patterns with seven aflatoxin homologous genes. Group 1 (122 strains, 58.1%) strains conserve intact aflatoxin biosynthesis gene homolog cluster. Group 2 (77 strains, 36.7%) and group 3 strains (9 strains, 4.3%) reveal large deletions of the aflatoxin gene homolog cluster, which is more than half. It is possible that the breakpoint within the cluster of group 2 strains would be near the ver-1gene, as described by Kusumoto et al. (2000). Two strains (0.9 %) that could not be classified into group 1, 2, and 3 were called "others". The majority of A. oryzae RIB strains (94.8 %) are categorized as groups 1 and 2. Murakami (1971) has evaluated 20 mycological characters of RIB strains, graded them from 1 to 6 and also proved no aflatoxin production in all strains. To examine the differences between group 1 and group 2 based on phenotype, analysis of variance was performed. Significant differences among 19 characters except for the aflatoxigenic character were recognized with 5 characters (length of stalk, color of old slant culture, roughness of conidia, coloration of hydroquinone, and pink color of conidia in medium with anisic acid). The length of stalk of group 1 was longer than that of group 2 at level of p<0.01 (data not shown). Therefore, this PCR analysis is a useful method for classification at intra-species level. Furthermore, it is safe for the food fermentation and enzyme industry to use A. oryzae especially groups 2 and 3 strains since these strains revealed absolute lack of aflatoxigenic ability at the molecular level. From the results of DNA sequencing analysis between A. oryzae RIB40 belonging to group 1 and RIB62 belonging to group 2, RIB62 shows a large deletion upstream of ver-1 homolog with more than half of the aflatoxin homologous gene cluster being missing. Adjacent to the deletion of the aflatoxin homologous gene cluster, RIB62 has a "unique sequence" of about 8-kb and a telomere. We investigated whether homologues of the unique sequence region of A. oryzae RIB62 were present in other group strains with Southern blot analysis. At first, we performed Southern blot analysis of 210 A. oryzae RIB strains with "no-hit" probe of unique sequence. The results showed that all group 2 strains had an identical size of signal of about 9.4-kb, while in other group strains different size of hybridizing signals from that of group 2 strains or with no signal were detected (data not shown).Subsequently, to confirm the presence of the unique sequence, Southern blot analysis with the four kinds of probe, which were derived from the unique sequence of RIB62 was performed for 16 selected strains from group 1, 2, and 3. Group 1 strains showed various signal patterns; double or single band(s) in most strains and with no signal in RIB40. In addition, the signal pattern of group 1 strains was different according to the probe used. However all group 2 strains showed an identical band of about 9.4 kbin all the cases when the four probes were used. In the group 3 strains, no signal was detected with the four probes. Therefore, 8-kb unique sequence of RIB62 is conserved in A. oryzae group 2 strains and present partially in some group 1 strains. To investigate the chromosomal position of the unique sequence, chromosomal Southern analysis was performed using four kinds of probe, US 1 to 4. Separation of the chromosomes of selected eight of A. oryzae group 1 and group 2 strains by clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) revealed different karyotype (data not shown). Among them, RIB62 showed a unique band of about 3 Mb, whereas other strains have no this chromosome. The detected signal(s) in A. oryzae group 1 strains were revealed in two or one chromosome(s) and in no signal in RIB40, while that of group 2 strains showed in single chromosome with four kinds of probes. The signal patterns of group 1 strains were different according to the probe used, while those of group 2 strains were identical. These results are almost identical to those of genomic Southern blot analysis To confirm the structure of the region flanking the partial aflatoxin homologous gene cluster in A. oryzae group 2 strains, we investigated the pattern of PCR amplification in 210 A. oryzae RIB strains with a set of primers designed to amplify between ver-1 and the unique sequence. The oligonucleotide primer for the ver-1 side was common to both RIB 40 and RIB62, while that of the unique sequence side was derived from RIB62. From the results of PCR with this set of primers, a fragment of about 1 kb was amplified from all group 2 strains and none of strains from other group generated PCR products. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish group 2 strains from other group strains with this set of primers. Southern blotting and PCR analysis resulted that all group 2 strains has the identical "unique sequence" and genomic structure of deletion including flaking region. In addition, this characterization of group 2 strains could be applied to distinguish this group strainsfrom the other group strains. The result of chromosomal Southern analysis (data not shown) suggested that the aflatoxin homologous gene cluster and the "unique sequence"existed on the same chromosome in groups 1 strains having these two portions. Taken together, A. oryzae group 2 strains might have differentiated from the ancestral strain due to chromosomal breakage. Although it is extremely difficult to determine the reason for the non-aflatoxigenicity of A. oryzae from the analysis of the genomic structure, this dissertation may provide basic molecular information for the profound approaches. In succession, further research on aflR protein activity or other related signal transduction pathway and the deleted aflatoxin biosynthesis gene homolog cluster of group 2 strains together with group 3 strains may help in clarifying the mechanism of the cluster deletion and differentiation.