이 연구는 부모의 양육효능감 및 가정환경자극이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영 향을 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위해 J시의 유아교육기관에 재원중인 유아 200명 과 그의 부모를 선정하였으며, 부모의 양육효능감, 가정환경자극, 유아의 리더십 에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용해 Pearson의 상관분석을 실시하였고, 중다회귀분석을 통해 영향력을 예측하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 부모의 양육효능감과 유아의 리더십은 전체적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 나타났으며, 부모의 양육효능감은 유아의 리더십을 예측 하는 변인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모의 가정환경자극과 유아의 리더십은 전체적 으로 유의미한 상관관계가 나타났으며, 부모의 가정환경자극이 유아의 리더십 을 예측하는 변인으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 부모의 양육효능감 및 가정환경자 극이 유아의 놀이성에 중요한 예측 변인임을 시사한다.

Cars serve as vehicles for the conveyance of both passengers and cargo. Inevitably, traffic accidents constitute a significant facet of vehicular operation. These accidents manifest in various forms, including frontal, rear-end, and lateral collisions. While the resultant vehicular damages may exhibit similarities, they remain inherently distinct. Owing to the intricate nature of automotive body repairs, simplistic adherence to textbook doctrines proves inadequate. The rectification of damaged vehicle bodies hinges upon the practitioner's experiential acumen. Consequently, discourse pertaining to body repair technology necessitates grounding in empirical data encompassing prevailing industry norms and attendant financial implications. Variability in individualized methodologies can engender substantial temporal and monetary outlays within the domain of automotive bodywork. Moreover, the integration of novel material technologies within vehicular structures mandates a perpetual pursuit of knowledge and empirical inquiry into the domain of vehicle body repair procedures, particularly as applied to emerging materials. Compounding this imperative is the unwavering commitment to preserving the safety paradigm from the vehicle owner's perspective, ensuring that restorative interventions subsequent to accidents do not compromise safety benchmarks.

산갈치(Regalecus russellii)는 대부분을 심해에서 보내며 가끔 연안에 나타나는데, 그 이유는 명확히 알려져 있지 않다. 우리나라 에서 산갈치는 주로 동해 연안을 따라 출현하는데, 특히 자망 등 어구에 의해 포획되는 경우와 연안에 좌초되어 출몰하는 경우가 높고 그 빈도는 극히 낮다. 또한 발견된다고, 하더라도 산갈치와 형태학적으로 유사한 투라치(Trachipterus ishikawae)로 판별되는 경우가 높다. 산갈 치의 표본을 구하여 분석하는 것은 제한적이기 때문에, 이러한 이유로 우리나라 연안에 출현하는 산갈치의 생태학적 특징에 대해 거의 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 2023년 3월 14일 강원도 앞바다에서 어획된 산갈치의 해부학적 특징을 관찰하였고, 해양 부이 자료를 이용 한 수온 분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과 산갈치는 수컷이었고, 전장은 320 cm, 전중은 27.52 kg, 체고는 26.62 cm, 생식소 중량은 619.45 g, 간 중량은 218.71 g이었다. 산갈치의 위는 난바다 곤쟁이류로 가득 차 있었고, 산갈치가 어획되기 약 일주일 전부터 15~30 m 수심에서 강한 수온 변동이 있었으며, 저층 수온은 10℃ 미만이었다. 본 기술보고는 우리나라 동해 연안에서 나타날 수 있는 산갈치의 생태학적 특징을 이해하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The objective of this study was to explore how different types of rewards affect customers’ inclinations to engage in environmental activities promoted through restaurant social media platforms. In addition, we investigated the potential moderating role of customer level of participation within the social media community. A total of 202 valid responses obtained by distributing a self-administered survey among restaurant patrons were subjected to hierarchical regression analysis to examine relationships between variables. The findings underscored the significant influence of economic and social rewards on shaping customer intent to participate in environmental initiatives promoted within restaurant social media communities. Furthermore, the study revealed that the extent of customer participation within the social media community moderated the relationship between rewards and their likelihood to partake in environmentally conscious behaviors. These results have meaningful implications for restaurant managers seeking to promote environmental initiatives effectively through social media platforms and within their establishments.

In this research, we examined the shifts in determinants influencing the frequency of eco-friendly food purchases pre- and post-COVID-19. Our analysis utilized filtered 2019-2021 Consumption Behavior Survey data from the Korea Rural Economic Institute Food, excluding any irrational responses. Given the nature of the dependent variable, a multinomial logistic regression model was employed with demographic factors, variables pertaining to food consumption behavior, and variables concerning food consumption awareness as predictors. Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, an individual's level of education was observed to positively influence the frequency of eco-friendly food purchases. In contrast, income level and fluctuations in food consumption expenditure did not appear to have a discernible impact on the purchasing frequency of such eco-friendly products. Irrespective of the advent of COVID-19, variables such as the frequency of online food purchases, the utilization of early morning delivery services, dining out frequency, and the intake of health-functional foods consistently demonstrated a positive correlation with the propensity to purchase eco-friendly foods. Overall, consumers prioritizing safety, quality, and nutrition over price, taste, and convenience in their procurement decisions for rice, vegetables, meat, and processed foods exhibit an increased inclination toward the acquisition of eco-friendly food products.

산양삼은 산림청 특별관리 임산물로 지정되어 관리되고 있지만 체계적인 연구 나 표준 재배지침이 현장의 재배 현실과는 상이한 부분이 많은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 평창지역의 산양삼 재배지 환경조건에 따른 진세노사이드 함량이 어 떠한가를 알아보기 위하여 산양삼 시료를 각각 10본씩 채취하여 실험을 통해 확 인하였다. 산양삼 입지환경은 경사, 사면 방향, 해발고, 나무 종류, 흉고 직경과 수 고 등 모두 6가지를 조사하여 국립산림과학원의 분류기준을 참고하여 침엽과 활 엽으로 구분하였다. 산양삼 재배지의 토양산도를 포함한 9가지 토양이화학성 분석 에서는 전체적으로 침엽지역보다 활엽지역에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 통계분석 결 과에서는 A, B, C, 재배지에서 침엽과 활엽지역 간 통계적 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, D 재배지는 침엽과 활엽지역의 유의차가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 진세노사이드 함유량 분석 결과에서는 Re, Rb1, Rg1의 순서로 높은 함량을 나타 내고 있어서 평창 산양삼의 주성분을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 결과로 산양삼은 산 삼이 잘 생육할 수 있는 환경과 비슷한 곳을 재배지로 선정하여야 고품질의 제품 을 생산할 수 있다고 예상할 수 있다. 향후 본 연구 결과가 임업인 소득증대에 도 움을 줄 수 있는 자료로도 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the ethical climate, nursing practice environment, and ethical sensitivity of hospital nurses, and to investigate the influence of the ethical environment and nursing practice environment on ethical sensitivity. Methods: The subjects of the study were 137 nurses with at least one year of work experience. Date collection was conducted from July to August 2021, using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 for Windows program(IBM Corp. Armont, NY, USA), the frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation and Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, Multiple regression analysis. Results: As a result of the study, the ethical sensitivity of hospital nurses showed statistically significant differences according to age, marital status, position, and ethical educational experience. Ethical sensitivity was found to have a significant positive correlation between all sub-factors of the ethical environment and all sub-factors of the nursing practice environment. Among the sub-factors of the ethical environment, the factor influencing ethical sensitivity in this study is ‘relationship with peers (β=.20, p=.034) ’ and ‘relationship with manager (β=.24, p=.023) and the explanatory power was 42.0%, which was statistically significant (F=8.26, p<.001). Conclusion: This study confirmed that ‘relationship with peers’ and ‘relationship with managers’ influence ethical sensitivity among ethical environments. Therefore, it will be necessary to form a positive relationship between peers and managers to improve the ethical sensitivity of hospital nurses.

Hymenobacter 속(genus)은 Bacteroidota 문(phylum), Hymenobacteraceae 과(family)의 대 표 속(type genus)이다. 이 속에 속하는 세균들은 붉은색 색소를 함유하는 그람 음성 간균으로서, 자연 계의 다양한 환경에서 분리되고 있다. 본 연구에서 붉은색 색소를 함유하는 그람 음성 간균이 경남 창 원시 소재 창원대학교 교내의 연못에서 분리되었고, 이 세균은 균주 B2로 명명되었다. 균주 B2를 계통 분석 및 생화학적으로 분석한 결과, Hymenobacter 속에 속하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 세균의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 genbank의 BLAST로 분석해 본 결과, 다른 어떠한 세균과도 16S rRNA 유전 자 염기서열의 상동성이 새로운 미생물로 인정되는 기준인 98.7%보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 균주 B2 의 지방산을 분석해 본 결과, 주된 지방산은 summed feature 3(C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c, 22.8%), iso-C15:0(16.2%), anteiso-C15:0(12.9%), C16:1ω5c(12.4%) 및 summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I/anteiso-C17:1)(9.5%)인 것으로 밝혀졌는데, 결과적으로 균주 B2의 지방산 함량은 다른 Hymenobacter 종들의 지방산 함량과 뚜렷한 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 세균의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열 은 genbank에 accession number OQ318247로 등록되었다.

In the present work, we address the new route for the green synthesis of manganese dioxide (MnO2) by an innovative method named the solution plasma process (SPP). The reaction mechanism of both colloidal and nanostructured MnO2 was investigated. Firstly, colloidal MnO2 was synthesized by plasma discharging in KMnO4 aqueous solution without any additives such as reducing agents, acids, or base chemicals. As a function of the discharge time, the purple color solution of MnO4 - (oxidation state +7) was changed to the brown color of MnO2 (oxidation state +4) and then light yellow of Mn2+ (oxidation state +2). Based on the UV-vis analysis we found the optimal discharging time for the synthesis of stable colloidal MnO2 and also reaction mechanism was verified by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis. Secondly, MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by SPP with a small amount of reducing sugar. The precipitation of brown color was observed after 8 min of plasma discharge and then completely separated into colorless solution and precipitation. It was confirmed layered type of nanoporous birnessite- MnO2 by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and electron microscopes. The most important merits of this approach are environmentally friendly process within a short time compared to the conventional method. Moreover, the morphology and the microstructure could be controllable by discharge conditions for the appropriate potential applications, such as secondary batteries, supercapacitors, adsorbents, and catalysts.

In this study, the thermal equilibrium of a motor operated in the sea and the temperature in the equilibrium were studied. To predict the equilibrium temperature in the sea, the cooling performance of the motor was studied by comparing results of analysis and experimental results in the air condition. By this study, the method of prediction of the cooling performance of a motor in various environments could be useful.

Some plant pathogenic bacteria species are environmentally high-risk organisms that have a negative impact on agricultural production. Experiments with these pathogens in a biosafety laboratory require safety protocols to prevent contamination from these pathogens. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of using UV-C irradiation for the purpose of sterilizing an important plant pathogenic bacterium, Erwinia pyrifoliae, in a laboratory setting. For the test, the pathogen (1.71 × 108 CFU/ml) was inoculated on the surface of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and the inoculated media were placed on a work surface in a biosafety cabinet (Class 2 Type A1) as well as on three different surfaces located within the laboratory: a laboratory bench, a laboratory bench shelf, and the floor. All the surfaces where the media were placed were in range of the UV-C beam projected by the UV lamp installed in the ceiling of the BSL 2 Class biosafety laboratory. Measurements of the reduction rate of bacteria under UV-C irradiation were conducted at different time intervals: after 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours, respectively. The reduction rate of bacteria ranged from 90% to 99% after 10min irradiation, from 97.8% to 100% after 30 minutes of irradiation, from 99.1% to 100% after 1 hour of irradiation, and from 99.99% to 100% after 2 hours of irradiation. After 3 hours of irradiation, the pathogen was completely killed in all the test conditions. In the cases of the laboratory bench and the shelf of the laboratory bench, the effectiveness of UV-C irradiation differed slightly between the site where the bacteria located vertically under the lamp and the site where the bacteria were located 1 meter away horizontally from the site under of the lamp.

본 연구는 고온 환경에서 사료내 트립토판과 나이아신의 첨가가 산란계의 생산성, 난품질, 지방간 지표 및 혈액성상에 미치는 상호작용 효과를 조사하고자 수행되었다. 총 384수의 25주령 로만 갈색종 산란계를 4처리 8반복으로 반복당 12수씩 무작위 임의 배치하였다. 기본 사료는 트립토판과 나이아신의 추가적인 첨가는 없으며 모든 영양소 및 에너지는 로만갈색종 산란계의 요구량에 충족하거나 초과하도록 배합되었다. 사료 처리구는 2 × 2 요인 실험 설계법으로 두 가지 수준의 트립토판(0 및 0.16%)과 두 가지 수준의 나이아신(0 및 0.03%)이 포함되었다. 모든 산란계의 사양환경은 일반 농가에서 낮시간에 온도가 올라가는 점을 고려하여 일일 중 8시간은 온도 31.4 ± 1.17℃, 습도 86.0 ± 4.28%으로 설정하였으며, 나머지 16시간은 온도 26.7 ± 1.10℃, 습도 61.7 ± 6.34%로 유지하여 주기적인 고온 환경을 조성하였다. 실험은 10주간 진행되었다. 실험 결과 사료내 트립토판과 나이아신의 주요 효과와 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 이와 유사하게, 난각 강도, 난각 두께, 난각색, 난황색 및 호우유닛에 대한 상호작용 도 나타나지 않았다. 주요 효과로 0.03%의 나이아신 첨가는 난황색을 유의적으로 감소시켰으나 호우유닛은 유의적으로 증가시켰다. 하지만, 0.16%의 트립토판 첨가는 난품질에 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 지방간 지표와 혈액성상에서 사료내 트립토판과 나이아신의 주요 효과 및 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 설정한 농도의 사료내 트립토판과 나이아신의 첨가는 고온 환경에서 사양되는 산란계의 생산성, 난품질, 지방간 지표 및 혈액성상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않았다.

Paddy fields provide important habitats for biodiversity conservation within the agricultural ecosystem. Their importance is gradually increasing as their ecological value is better understood. Benthic macroinvertebrates dominate paddy fields. They play an essential role in maintaining the biodiversity of paddy ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities and main environmental factors affecting the distribution of golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata). Results showed that the diversity index (H ′) of the benthic macroinvertebrate community was the highest at the Sangju site (St. 12) but the lowest at the Sancheong site (St. 18). Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), salinity, and Electrical Conductivity (EC) values were the highest in Gimhae and Yeongam based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Numbers of P. canaliculata (m-2) were relatively low in Gunsan and Iksan where water temperatures were high. Therefore, changes in geographical characteristics and environmental factors might affect the distribution of P. canaliculata and characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Results of this study can be used as primary data for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service evaluation in agroecosystems.

본 연구의 목적은 키워드 네트워크를 활용하여 삶의 질과 거주성 측면에서 국내 농촌지역의 실제 생활 환경을 분석하고 농촌 생활환경의 개선을 위한 정책적 방향성을 제시하는 것이다. 현재 우리나라의 농 촌은 고령화, 인구감소, 경제활동 저하, 기초생활서비스 부족 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이를 해결하 기 위한 농촌 생활환경 개선방안의 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 삶의 질(Quality of life)과 거주성(Livability)개념을 바탕으로 이론적 측면에서 국외 연구 동향을 분석하였다. 또한 국내 농촌 생 활환경에 대한 현황을 파악하기 위해 키워드 네트워크 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 토대로 삶의 질과 거주 성 측면에서의 이론적 연구 경향 분석을 통해 실제 우리나라 농촌 생활환경에 직면한 문제점을 분석하 였다. 그 결과 국내에서 농촌 생활환경 개선을 위해 고려해야 할 사항으로 1)녹지 및 생태시설 조성, 2)지 역과 개인 및 주민 간 상호작용 개선, 3)에너지 효율을 고려한 주거공간 마련, 4)다양한 관점에서 농촌환 경을 포괄할 수 있는 목표 설정의 4가지 방안을 제안하였다. 국내 농촌의 개선 목표로 제시되고 있는 지속가능성과 더불어 농촌 회복력(Rural resilience)의 개념을 도입하면 농촌의 기능 회복에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Conventional flipped learning instructional models are operated in a blended learning environment online and offline. In contrast, this study moved onto fully online systems and explored how a sense of presence worked for students’ learning outcomes at university English writing courses. The two research questions for this study are: 1) What is the relationship between a sense of presence (teaching, cognitive, social presence) and learning outcomes (group cohesion, class satisfaction)? and 2) What are the variables among a sense of presence that affect group cohesion and class satisfaction? For the purposes of this study, 46 university students from English composition courses answered student questionnaires in the spring of 2021. Correlation and multiple-regression analyses were conducted to look into the relationships among the variables. Additionally, focus-group interviews were conducted and teaching journals were analyzed. The major findings were revealed as follows: Firstly, a sense of presence was significantly related to group cohesion and satisfaction. Secondly, social presence and cognitive presence only had a predictive power of group cohesion. Thirdly, cognitive presence and teaching presence were significant predictors of class satisfaction. Pedagogical implications are discussed for those interested in applying flipped learning in a fully online setting.

Screening of Bacillus subtilis strains capable of producing extracellular hydrolases, including lipolytic enzyme was carried out. Within the scope of this study, total 61 strains were isolated from various domestic specific environmental samples such as seawater, soil, Jeju ranch, hot spring, salt farm, and fermented food and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on 16S rRNA sequences. Among the isolates, 4 strains had extracellular lipase activity. The growth profile of the strains revealed that 4 strains showed well growth at 50℃, 3 strains at 55℃, and pH 7.0. All strains could tolerate salinity up to 5%(w/v), 3 strains up to 10%(w/v), and only one strain showed growth at 15%(w/v). Additionally, amylolytic and proteolytic activities were detected in these strains. The highest lipolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic activity was detected in Bacillus subtilis YS-YR 5A. These results demonstrate the potential application of extracellular hydrolase-producing Bacillus subtilis strains, especially strain YS-YR 5A, as fermentation starter to enhance the functionality and multiplication of functional natural products in the food/medicine/cosmetics/bio industries.

This study is to identify the maintenance service quality of eco-friendly cars, which are rapidly increasing recently. Research is conducted by synthesizing research from the perspectives of internal employees and external customers by using the service profit chain model. Specifically, it is to study the overall structural relationship between internal customer satisfaction, physical quality, interaction quality, outcome quality, external customer satisfaction and long-term orientation. For the study, 202 questionnaires were collected from internal employees and 204 questionnaires from external customers. The results of testing the research hypotheses targeting the internal employee group are as follows. As a result of testing hypothesis 1, internal customer satisfaction has a significant positive (+) effect on physical quality and interaction quality. As a result of testing hypothesis 2, the service quality of eco-friendly car maintenance has a significant positive (+) effect on each other. As a result of testing hypothesis 3, physical quality and outcome quality have a significant positive (+) effect on external customer satisfaction. The results of testing the research hypotheses targeting an external customer group are as follows. As a result of testing hypothesis 2, in the relationship between eco-friendly car maintenance service quality, physical quality has a significant positive (+) effect on interaction quality, and interaction quality has a significant positive (+) effect on outcome quality. As a result of testing hypothesis 3, interaction quality and outcome quality have a significant positive (+) effect on external customer satisfaction. As a result of testing Hypothesis 4, external customer satisfaction has a significant positive (+) effect only on intention to reuse. Finally, as a result of examining the difference in perception between the internal employee group and the external customer group in eco-friendly car maintenance service quality and external customer satisfaction, it was verified that there was a significant difference only in outcome quality and external customer satisfaction.

대한민국 교육은 코로나19 팬데믹으로 대면 교육에서 비대면 교육으로 전환되었다. 학생들이 사회에 대해 배 울 수 있는 그룹 활동 교육은 축소되거나 중단되었고, 비대면 서비스기술 발전으로 메타버스라는 새로운 서비 스를 탄생시켰다. 본 논문에서 저자는 한국 초·중·고교에서 요구하는 집단 활동 교육을 비대면으로 체험할 수 있는 'Virtual School'(VS)이라는 플랫폼을 제안한다. 이 플랫폼은 학생들이 사용하기 쉬운 VRChat과 3D 가상 환경 렌더링을 위한 Unity 3D 엔진을 기반으로 한다. VS 플랫폼은 졸업식, 입학식, OX 퀴즈 등 다양한 활동 을 제공한다. 해당 플랫폼은 부산진고등학교에서 시범 운영되었으며, 메타버스 관련 비대면 교육 플랫폼 연구 분야에서 활발히 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

In the recent era of the fourth industrial revolution, many industries aim to maximize the efficiency of products and services by introducing cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data. In this situation, organizational culture is changing a lot due to the influx of the MZ generation with strong individualistic tendencies and the decreased face-to-face communication between members. However, active communication with colleagues is still essential to maximize performance, and the margins created by simplifying work processes and automating processes must be used for creating work performance. This requires cooperation and commitment through the job immersion of members who have an active attitude. This study analyzed how the organization's autonomous work environment and trust among members, which are creative work performance conditions, affect job immersion using raw data from the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. As a result, it was found that both the organization's autonomous working environment and trust among members significantly effected the members' job immersion. in order to achieve productivity and value improvement in companies, efforts are needed to increase workers' job immersion by building an autonomous working environment and trust among members. The results of this study are expected to contribute significantly to the search for ways to increase workers’ job commitment to improve organizational productivity.