In order to investigate the amino acid and fatty acid content in Thuja biotae water extract treated with alkaline, it was performed. There are 16 kinds of different amino acid and 20 kinds of different fatty acid in Thuja biotae water extract. An aspartic acid was contained 52％ and proline was contained 10％, particulary, r-aminobutyric acid was analysed. Essential fatty acids; linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were cotained a lot amount. There are 11 different unknown materials which were identified by GC-MS spectrum, such as N-[(4α,5α)-cholestan-4-yl]-acetamide; 22,26-Epithio-furost-5-en-3-ol; 2-Methyl-6-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4-heptanone; 3,12,14-Tris(acetyloxy)-pregnane-15,20-dione;22-Methyl-26-thio-furost-5-en-3-ol; 7-Ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl-1-phenanthrene carboxyaldehyde; Methoxyiminopro-panedioic acid; 13-Methyl-13-β-Methyl-13-vinyl-dodecaarp-7-en-3-3-ol; 22-Methyl-26-thio-furost-6-methyl-3-ol; 5α-Androstane-2,11-dione; 9-Methyl-heptadecanoic acid.

The composition of fatty acid and amino acid for Seong-ge-al(sea urchin) were analysed by the automatic analyser. There are two kind of samples such as raw and saited, fermented one. The results obtained are as follows. 1. In the general composition, crude protein, crude lipid and ash as 15.8%, 3.5% and 2.2%, respectively. The raw sample showed pH 5.6 value. 2. In case of amino acid, it contained 17 different kind of amino acids. Among them, a lot of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine and valine were contained. 3. In case of fermentation period, threonine, histidine, lysine and arginine were increased a little bit. 4. In case of fatty acid, it contained 13 different kind of fatty acids. Among them, a lot of palmitic acid, behnic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were contained.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of amino acid additives to weaned piglet diets on the pH and volatile fatty acids of pig slurries. A total of 135 weaned 22 -day-old piglets (Yorkshire x Landrace x Duroc) were used in this 56-d study. The three dietary treatments were as follows: (1) Control as a basal diet, (2) 1% amino acid additive and (3) 2% amino acid additive. Both pH and acetic acid values at 71 and 78 days were significantly different in all treatment groups (p<0.05). In addition, significant differences in propionic acid values were observed among treatment groups at 64 and 78 days (p<0.05). However, pH, acetic acid, and propionic acid values did not differ between 1% and 2% amino acid treatment groups. In conclusion, adding 1% and 2% amino acid to weaned piglet diets reduced the pH, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of pig slurries by acting as a probiotic. This may help formulate increase management strategies for improving the pig housing environment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mixed treatment of compost tea and amino acid liquid fertilizer as a substitute of oil cake for the organic cultivation of maize in Goesan, Chungbuk province. As a result, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of each organic fertilizer were in the order of oil cake > amino acid fertilizer > compost tea. Each of these organic fertilizers had little influence on the change of soil chemical. Individual treatment of amino acid fertilizer and oil cake for weight of an ear as well as all individual treatments for the fresh weight of 100 kernels showed significant increase, compared to the untreated control. For the corn yield of merchantable quality, each treatment of compost tea, amino acid liquid fertilizer and oil cake increased higher 3.9, 5.4 and 5.9% than untreated control, respectively. On the other hand, as a result of mixed treatment of amino acid fertilizer and compost tea, the change of soil chemical property was insignificant. The mixed treatment, Nonetheless, showed significant increase for stem height to 1st ear, grain setting length in an ear, weight of an ear, and fresh weight of 100 kernels, compared to the oil cake as a control. After all, the corn yield of merchantable quality produced by the mixed treatment was 3.9% higher than the control. Therefore, our study would be considered that the mixed treatment of amino acid and compost tea is one of organic materials that can replace oil-cake in maize.

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in the amount of 20 free amino acids in PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) medium during the incubation period while cultivating Lentinula edodes. The total incubation period was 90 days, and the total amount of free amino acids was confirmed every 45 days. Among the 18 kinds of amino acids whose increase and decrease patterns were confirmed, 10 amino acids were increased compared to that in the control, among which cysteine increased from its initial value of 9,889 ± 3 μg/L to 12,909 ± 2 μg/L at 45 days and 29,256 ± 4 μg/L at 90 days. Six amino acids with decreased expression patterns were identified. Arginine decreased to 83,751 ± 2 μg/L after 45 days from its initial value of 161,787 ± 1 μg/L and to 79,055 ± 7 μg/L at 90 days.

본 연구에서는 천연 보습인자의 구성 성분인 L-α-아미노산을 피부에 주기적으로 반복 도포하여 일반적 으로 알려진 보습뿐 만 아니라 L-α-아미노산을 피부 톤과 결의 개선제로 활용하였다. L-α-아미노산의 알킬기(R)의 극성과 비극성에 따라 두 그룹으로 나누어 각질케어 효능을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 극성 알킬기를 갖는 L-α-아미노산 콤플렉스(L-α-아미노산-콤플렉스-1)가 비극성 알킬기를 갖는 L-α-아미노산 콤플렉스 (L-α-아미노산-콤플렉스-2)에 비해 21% 향상된 효능을 나타내었다. 임상 실험을 위해 20 – 40대 11인의 여성에 게 실험군으로서 L-α-아미노산 콤플렉스-1을 포함한 에멀전을 오른쪽 뺨에 8주간 매일 도포하고 대조군으로서 L-α-아미노산 콤플렉스-1를 포함하지 않은 에멀전을 왼쪽 뺨에 같은 방법으로 도포하였다. 피부 톤의 개선은 JANUS® 장비를 통해 측정하고 이미지분석 소프트웨어를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 피부 결의 개선은 phaseshift rapid in-vivo measurement of the skin (PRIMOS)장비를 이용하여 기기적으로 측정하고 분석하였다. 그 결과, 피부 톤 11.7%, 피부 결 6.7%의 개선을 확인하였다. 또한 피험자에게 심미적으로 느껴지는 개선에 대해 설문조사를 실시하여 피부개선의 체감도를 바탕으로 기기측정 결과를 통해 나타난 L-α-아미노산 도포의 효능을 평가하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해, 약산성(pH 6.5)조건에서 피부 자극을 유발하지 않음과 동시에 생리학적인 개선을 통한 피부 톤과 결의 개선을 기대할 수 있으며, 화장품 소재로서 심미적 만족감을 줄 수 있는 물질로 L-α-아미노산이 활용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

Chinese cabbage grown during autumn season is confronted with drought conditions for a certain period, especially during the early growth stage. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought stress on plant growth characteristics, as well as free amino acid, carotenoid, and proline in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage seeds (Bulam Plus) were germinated, and all the seedlings were transplanted into plastic containers (28 ㎝ diameter × 22 ㎝ high) containing a commercial growth medium. The soil water content was measured and maintained at 10% for the drought-stressed plants and at 30% for the control plants, for three weeks. The results revealed that plant growth parameters were lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants. The total free amino acid content tended to decrease in both drought-stressed and control plants with time. The total free amino acid content was found to be lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants and the proline content was unaffected. Moreover, at three weeks after treatment, carotenoid content in drought stressed plants was significantly higher than that in the untreated plants. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the effects of drought stress on plant growth parameters, free amino acid, carotenoids, and proline accumulation in autumn growing cultivar of Chinese cabbage have not been widely studied in Korea, and our study provides valuable information in this regard, as Chinese cabbage is consumed throughout the year in Korea.

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is a supreme hormone regulating reproductive activity in most animals. The sequences of amino acid and nucleic acid of GnRH reported up to now are examined from the evolutionary framework of Chordata. All identified GnRH are classified into GnRH1, GnRH2, or GnRH3. In all three forms of GnRH both N-terminal and C-terminal are conserved, which allows for effective binding to their receptors. The three amino acids in the middle of GnRH1 sequence have altered diversely from the primitive Chordata, which is indicative of the adaptation process to the ambient environment. GnRH2 and GnRH3 sequences are well conserved. There are more diverse modifications in the nucleic acids than in amino acid sequence of GnRH1. These variations can result from meiosis, mutation, or epigenetics and indicate that GnRH is the product of natural selection.

본 연구에서는 수용액상에서 자기조립 나노입자를 형성할 수 있는 레티노익산이 접목된 양친성 폴리아미 노산 유도체를 합성하였다. 합성한 양친성 폴리아미노산은 레티노익산의 접목도가 각각 5, 10, 30 mol%가 되도 록 조절하였다. 수용액 상에서 양친성 폴리아미노산은 소수성 레티노익산의 분자 결합에 의해 안정한 자기조립 나노입자를 형성하였다. 자기조립 나노입자는 레티노익산의 접목도가 증가할수록 크기는 작아지고 형태는 구형 에서 이중층 구조로 전이되었다. 또한 접목도가 10%일 때, 자기조립 입자의 구조 붕괴 없이 레티놀의 포집 및 전달이 가장 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 접목도가 제어된 자기조립입자는 레티놀을 안정적으로 포집할 수 있기 때문에 주름개선제 및 다양한 기능성 화장품 전달체로 활용될 수 있다

In this study, to provide basic information for design of a large-scale recycling system for fishery by-products, the food nutrient components, fertilizer components, and microbial composition of fertilizers and feed which were made of fishery by-products were analyzed before and after fermentation. The results of the analysis of the edible portion of fishery by-products indicated that calories per 100 g of crustaceans were the highest followed by those of fish and brown algae in order of precedence with values as follows; Korean Krill 94 Kcal, Portunus trituberculatus 65 Kcal, Lophiomus setigerus 58 Kcal, and Undaria pinnatifida 16 Kcal. As for changes in amino acids per 100 g of fishery by-products between before and after fermentation, calories per 100 g of P. trituberculatus decreased by 74.7% from 15.7 g to 4.0 g, that of L. setigerus decreased by 61.1% from 11.9 g to 4.6 g, that of Korean Krill decreased by 53.5% from 11.6 g to 5.4 g, and that of U. pinnatifida decreased by 49.4% from 1.7 g to 0.9 g. Among amino acids, those contained in fishery by-product fertilizers (liquid fertilizer) in large amounts were shown to be Glutaminic acid, Aspartic acid, Glycine, Lysin, and Leucine. The lipid content of Korean Krill decreased by 11.9% from 3.2 g to 2.8 g, that of L. setigerus increased by 2.0 times from 1.1 g to 2.2 g, that of P. trituberculatus increased by 4.5 times from 0.4 g to 1.7 g, and that of U. pinnatifida increased by 9.4 times from 0.2 g to 1.9 g. The ash (mineral) content of P. trituberculatus decreased by 82.5% from 26.2 g to 4.6 g, that of U. pinnatifida increased by 27.6% from 3.3 g to 4.2 g, that of Korean Krill increased by 21.9% from 3.1 g to 3.8 g, and that of L. setigerus increased by 88.7% from 1.2 g to 2.2 g. The microbial composition of liquid fertilizer using recycled fishery by-products was shown to be Bacteria, Actinomycetes, Fungi, Yeast, and Lactobacillus sp.

오미자 열매를 이용하여 기능성물질인 GABA를 강화시 킨 오미자 젖산발효음료를 개발하기 위해서 L. plantarum EJ2014에 의한 젖산발효 최적화를 수행하였다. 오미자 열 매 추출액을 젖산 발효시킨 경우 발효 2일 동안 생균수 4.0×107 CFU/mL수준을 유지하면서 젖산균 증식이 미비하 였지만 영양성분 YE와 MSG를 함께 첨가한 경우 50배 정도 증가된 2.2×109 CFU/mL생균수를 나타내었다. 특히 젖산발 효 3일 동안에 대조군, MSG, YE를 각각 첨가군에서 초기 pH 3-4 수준에서 유지되었다. 반면에 YE와 MSG를 함께 첨가한 발효물은 pH가 증가되면서 pH 5.0 이상을 나타내었 으며, 초기 산도 1.74%에서 발효 3일에 0.56% 수준으로 감소하였다. 오미자 열매 추출물인 대조군과 2% MSG 또는 0.5% YE만을 첨가한 조건에서는 GABA로 소량 전환되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 MSG와 YE를 함께 첨가한 경우 젖산발효 1일째부터 GABA가 생성되면서 3일째에는 MSG 2%를 거의 소진하는 것으로 나타났으며, HPLC 정량분석 으로 0.92% GABA 생성이 확인되었다. MSG와 YE함께 첨가한 발효조건에서는 젖산발효 1일째부터 발효물은 붉 은 색이 퇴색되면서 황색으로 변화하였으며, 발효 초기에 적색을 나타내는 a값이 15.74에서 발효 후에 5.39로 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 색, 맛, 향 등을 포함한 전반적인 기호도를 나타낸 관능평가에서 오미자 착즙 원액과 발효물 100%인 실험군에서 점수가 각각 4.50, 4.33을 기록하여 상 대적으로 낮은 기호도를 나타낸 반면에 발효물 50% 첨가한 실험군이 6.33으로 가장 높은 기호도 점수를 나타내었다. 오미자 열매 추출액에 오미자 발효물을 50% 첨가함으로서 기호성이 우수하며 고농도 GABA와 probiotic을 함유한 오 미자 발효음료의 제조가 가능하였다.

This research deals with carbon dioxide utilization using amino acid salt solution. Energy-efficient CCU (carbon capture and utilization) technology in which no thermal desorption step is required was suggested. Waste concrete was considerd as Ca2+ source. (1.5 M potassium glycinate + 0.15 M piperazine) was used. After solution is saturated with carbon dioxide, 25wt% 100 ml of calcium chloride solution to replace Ca2+ from waste concrete in experiment was added. And then, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was formed. As a result of absorption experiments of (1.5 M potassium glycinate + 0.15 M piperazine), CO2 loading value for the first absorption and reabsorption step was 0.7354 and 0.2848 mol CO2/ mol absorbent, respectively. Also, the yield of PCC formation of (1.5 M potassium glycinate + 0.15 M piperazine) was 43.63%. Based on these data, the amount of CO2 reduction was calculated. Calcium carbonate can be classified into calcite, vaterite, and aragonite according to their crystal structures and morphology. XRD and SEM analysis were performed and the result showed that the morphology of produced PCC salt was vaterite.

The potential of nitrogen mineralization was studied by applying organic fertilizer to soil and incubating at 25℃ for 28 weeks. The organic fertilizers used in this experiment were oil-cake (CF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅱ) and amino acid fertilizer (AAF-Ⅰ, AAF- Ⅱ). Accumulated mineralized nitrogen (N) fits the frist-order kinetics during incubation. The N mineralization potential (No) for organic fertilizers treated soil was highest at AAF-Ⅱ treatment with a value of 27.71 N mg/100g, then followed by CF-Ⅱ, AAF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅰ. The pure N mineralization potential (N0 treatment - N0 control) for CF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅱ, AAF-Ⅰ, AAF-Ⅱ were 2.55, 5.83, 3.66, 8.57 N mg/ 100g, respectively. The amount of N mineralized from organic fertilizers applied soil ranged from 46% to 61% of the total N content in organic fertilizer. The half-life (t1/2) of organic nitrogen in soil treated with oil-cake and amino acid fertilizer was 17-21 days. Therefore, half of nitrogen contained in oil-cake and amino acid fertilizer was mineralized after 3 weeks application.

The research was investigated to collect basic data in order to consumption expansion and processed product of Erythronium japonicum. Leaves of Allium japonicum were divided into 17 kinds of amino acid and 38 kinds of free amino acid. Total content of amino acid and free amino acid showed 2,342 mg･100g-1 and 225 mg･100g-1, respectively. Reducing DPPH radical scanvenging half, quantity (IC50 value) of Erythronium japonicum. extraxt 1,000 mg･L-1 were showed the methanol extract (30.8 mg･L-1), ethanol extract (34.1 mg･L-1), hot water extraction water (47.5 mg･L-1). Nitrite scavenging activity in 1,000mg･L-1 of Erythronium japonicum leaf extraxt was followed the ethanol extract (75.0%), methanol extract (74.1%), hot water extraction water (70.3%), respectively. Methannol extract of Erythronium japonicum leaf at 400mg･L-1 inhibited over 99% lung cancer cell (Calu-6), breast cancer cell (NCF-7) and colon cancer cells (HCT-116). Likewise, investigated data will be utilized basic material, and intake of Erythronium japonicum will be enhancing physiological activity, and will be considered to prevent and remedy to lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer.