Recently, barley is gaining renewed interest for food due to nutritional and functional characteristics. and many breeder developed new barley varieties containing nutritional and functional components. Anthocyanin have been well characterized for its bioactive properties, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Some colored varieties with purple lemma that is a kind of anthocyanin were developed. We have to find out the harvesting time containing maximum anthocyanin content. In this study, we analyzed anthocyanin content at intervals of 4-6days after heading date. We analyzed Delphinidin-3-glucoside(Del3g), Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cya3g), Pelargonidin-3-glucoside(Pel3g), Peonidin(Peo3g), Malvidin-3-glucoside(Mal3g) using the HPLC with Xterra C18 column and UV Detector. Anthocyanin was extracted with 80% MeOH solution containing 1% HCl for 24hr. Mobil phase composition of HPLC was 45% Acetonitrile solution with 10% Formic acid. Anthocyanin content was increased rapidly from 30day after heading date to 35day. At 35-37day, anthocyanin content was maximum. Thereafter, it was decreased rapidly to 40day.

We investigated outer appearance of brown rice(BR) and its anthocyanin content of Josangheugchal a colored rice variety as affected by different transplanting date(from May 15 to June 24, 10 day interval, 5 times). Thickness of BR was mainly 1.6～2.0mm which occupied 96.7% ~ 99.5% under different transplanting date. As transplanting time was late, mode of thickness of BR was clearly decreased : 2.0mm on May 15 and May 25, 1.9mm on June 4 and June 14, and 1.8mm on June 24. There was statistically significant difference in length, width and 1000 grain weight of BR according to both transplanting date and thickness of BR. There was highly significant positive corelation between thickness and length of BR and between thickness and 1000 grain weight of BR. Anthocyanin content linearly increased from 119.7mg/100g on May 15 to 384.4mg/100g on June 24 as transplanting time was late, and was highest in 1.8~1.9mm thickness of BR. Coefficient of variation for anthocyanin content by thickness of BR was lowest on June 24. According to the facts stated above it is recommendable to transplant Josangheugchal in late June to produce highly marketable colored rice.

검정콩 종피에 함유된 안토시아닌의 색소별 함량을 비파괴적으로 신속하게 분석하기 위하여 NIRS(근적외선 분광분석기)를 이용한 모델을 개발하였다. 재료는 검정콩 유전자원 300 계통을 사용하였으며, HPLC에서 분석된 종피의 안토시아닌 함량치를 NIRS 스펙트럼에 적용시킨 후 검량식을 작성하였다. NIRS의 검량식을 몇 가지 방법에 의하여 비교 분석한 결과 1차미분된 스펙트럼을 MPLS(Modified Partial Least Squares)를 이용한 회귀식에 이용하는 것이 가장 적합하였다. HPLC를 이용한 유전자원들의 성분 함량과 NIRS에서 도출된 검량식과의 상관계수는 C3G, D3G 및 Pt3G가 각각 0.952, 0.936과 0.833을 나타내었다. 이들 검량식은 validation file에서도 C3G와 D3G는 0.897, 0.849의 높은 상관을 보였으며, 이는 NIRS를 이용하여 검정콩의 안토시아닌 함량을 신속하게 분석할 수 있음을 나타내는 것으로 판단되었다.

The anti-allergic effect of C3GHi rice breeded from the cross of ‘Heugjinjubyeo’ and ‘Suwon 415’ was investigated. Antiscratching behavioral effects of the water extract of C3GHi was higher than Heugjinjubyeo. Orally administered BCRs’ extracts exhibited potent inhibitory activity against scratching behaviors which were induced by compound 48/80. The inhibitory effect of C3GHi against the passive cutaneous reaction was more potent than that of Heugjinjubyeo. These finding suggest that black colored rice, especially C3GHi, may inhibit scratching behaviors and passive cutaneous reaction, and its anti-allergic activities were increased by means of selecting high C3G rice seeds.

Proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway most likely play a protective function from pathogens and UV light exposure within the plant and, in addition, act as signal molecules in plant-microbe interactions. The metabolites are now attracting attention because of the medicinal and nutritional values due to their antioxidant properties and flavors. Three independent loci (I, R, and T) control pigmentation of the seed coats determined by proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins in soybean (Glycine max). The I locus controls distribution of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pigments, which in its dominant form exhibits homology-dependent gene silencing leading to a yellowish seed coat. The R and T genes determine the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin products and specific seed coat color such as black, imperfect black, brown, or buff. The I and T loci have been cloned. The objectives of this study were to develop PCR-based molecular markers cosegregating with the genetic loci controlling the biosynthesis of these interesting metabolites using public soybean EST and genomic sequence data and is to develop molecular markers to establish a marker-assisted selection scheme for these natural products-related traits. A population of 112 F11 recombinant inbred lines generated by an interspecific cross between a Glycine max line 'Hwangkeumkong' and a G. soja Siebold & Zucc. line ‘IT182932' was used to construct a frame map consisting of 20 soybean linkage groups. The frame map contains over 300 SSR, RAPD and transposon markers. PCR-based molecular markers cosegregating with the I and T loci that control pigmentation of the seed coats determined by secondary metabolites derived from the flavonoid pathway including anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in soybean have been developed. We have developed three SSR cosegregating with the I locus and one codominant STS and one SNP markers cosegregating with the T locus. So far, we have developed SSR, SNP, and STS markers cosegregating with the I locus and with the T locus. Work is in progress to develop markers cosegregating with other genetic loci. The markers will facilitate markers-assisted selection of seed coat colors in molecular breeding programs.

Effects of abscisic acid(ABA) and temperature on the anthocyanin accumulation and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL) activity were investigated in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. In time course study, exogenous application of ABA (50-1000 μM) led to a noticeable increase in anthocyanin pigments which persisted over the following 5 days. Anthocyanins increased in concert with the chlorophyll loss. The activity of PAL, a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, increased on exposure to ABA and reached maximum on the 4th day. This result shows that anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity have a close physiological relationships. In the effects of temperatures (10℃, 17℃, 25℃ and 30℃) on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity in seedlings, a moderate-low temperatures (17℃) enhanced both anthocyanin content and PAL activity, whereas elevated temperatures (30℃) showed low levels of anthocyanin and PAL activity, suggesting a correlation between temperature-induced anthocyanin synthesis and the accumulation of PAL mRNA. Simultaneous application of ABA with temperatures induced higher anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity in seedlings than ABA or temperature stress alone. Moderate-low temperature with ABA exposure elicited the maximal induction of anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity. Therefore, ABA treatment significantly increased thermotolerance in A. thalinan seedlings. Ethephon and ABA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity. Our data support that anthocyanins may be protective in preventing damage caused by environmental stresses and play an important role in the acquisition of freezing tolerance.

국내~cdot외에서 수집된 유색미를 분양받아 이들 에 대해 감마선처리 및 수집종간 교배육종 결과 새로 육성한 13개의 공시종에 대해 안토시안 함량, 유효성분 및 주요 수량 관련 형질을 비교 분석하였다. 1. 주요 식물학적 특성으로 대조구인 흑진주벼의 간장은 78cm로 중간형이었고, 개화일수는 다른 공시종에 비해 7~~20 일 빨랐던 반면에 간장과 수당영화수는 CNU33에서 가장 많았으며, 수장은 CNU 43에서, 천립중은 CNU 90에서 가장 높았으며, 주당 수량은 CNU 119가 가장 높았다. 2. 공시종에 대한 Anthocyanine 색소 함량을 상대흡광도 값 (흡광도 희석배수)으로 비교한 결과, 530nm파장에서 대조구인 흑진주벼가 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음은 CNU71, CNU73, CNU119의 순이었다. 흡광도 값이 가장 높았던 흑진주벼와 CNU71은 280nm와 530nm 부근에서 흡수극대가 나타나 anthocyanin계 색소임이 확인되었고, 흡광도 값이 낮았던 CNU43은 430nm부근에서 흡수극대가 나타나 tannin계 색소로 판명되었다. 3. 공시종에 대한 주당 relative anthocyanin content(RAC)을 비교하기 위해 상대흡광도 값에 주당 현미수량을 곱한 결과 CNU71이 20,112로 가장 높았고, 다음은 CNU73이 16,046 그리고 대조구인 흑진주벼 15,985순으로 나타났다.

본 시험은 재배 및 수확시기에 따른 검정콩 종자내에 함유된 기능성 물질인 안토시아닌의 함량 및 색차의 변이에 대한 정보를 얻고자 재배품종 중 일품검정콩, 검정콩2호와 다원콩을 공시하였으며, 파종기는 4월 15일, 5월 15일 및 6월 15일로 하였고, 수확시기는 R6(종실비대성기), R7(생리적성숙기) 및 R8(수확적성숙기)로 하여 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 Delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside 및 total anthocyanin은 모두 조파에서 만파로 갈수록 또한 R6에서 R8단계로 갈수록 함량이 증가하였다. delphinidin-3-glucoside는 품종간 차이를 보이지 않았으나, cyanidin-3-glucoside와 total anthocyanin은 검정콩2호가, petunidin-3-glucoside는 다원콩이 높았다. 2. 명도(L)는 조파에서 만파로 진행될수록 또한 R6에서 R8단계로 진행될수록 감소하였으며, 검정콩2호가 가장 낮았다. 적색도(꾸는 적파>만파>조파 순이었으며, 검정콩2호가 가장 낮았고, R6에서 R8단계로 갈수록 증가하였다. 황색도(b)는 만파에서 가장 높았으며, 검정콩2호가 높았고, R6에서 R8단계로 갈수록 증가하였다. 3. Delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside 및 total anthocyanin은 상호간에 정의 상관을 보였으나 이 네 형질 모두는 명도(L)와 고도의 부의 상관을 나타낸 반면 적색도(a) 및 황색도(b)는 고도의 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 명도(L)는 적색도(a) 및 황색도(b)와는 고도의 부의 상관이 있었으며, 적색도(a)는 황색도(b)와 정의 상관을 보였다.

본 시험은 2001년부터 2002년까지 기능성 성분인 검정콩 안토시아닌에 대하여 종자내 개별색소 종류에 대한 검정과 함량 및 색차의 변이를 구명하여 특수콩 품종육성 및 재배 생리적 특성에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 현재 국내에서 육성된 장려품종 및 재배품종인 검정콩1호, 검정콩2호, 검정올콩, 선흑콩, 흑청콩, 일품검정콩, 청자콩, 진주1호, 다원콩, 쥐눈이콩(G), 쥐눈이콩(Y), 검정콩3호, 검정콩4호를 공시하여 시험한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 검정콩 13개 재배품종의 개별 안토시아닌 검정에서 검정콩1호와 선흑콩이 cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G)만 검출되었으며, 흑청콩은 delphinidin-3-glucoside(D3G)와 C3G가 검출되었고, 나머지 품종들은 D3G, C3G, petunidin-3-glucoside(Pt3G)가 모두 검출되었다. 2. 공시된 검정콩 재배품종의 안토시아닌 함량의 범위는 D3G가 0.55~~2.63mg/g, C3G가 2.77~~8.38mg/g , Pt3G가 0.38~~5.66mg/g 및 total anthocyanin(TA)이 3.32~~16.67mg/g 이었으며, 품종간 및 연차간에 변이를 보였다. 3. 안토시아닌의 색차의 범위는 명도(L)가 34.09~~42.89 , 적색도(a)가 12.77~~22.85 , 황색도(b)가 5.36~~12.79 이었으며, 품종간 및 연차간에 변이를 보였다. 4. 안토시아닌은 D3G, C3G, Pt3G 및 TA 모두 상호간에 고도의 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar with green cotyledon, Cheongja 2 was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2003. Cheongja 2 was selected from a cross Milyang 70 / Ilpeumgeumjeongkong. The preliminary, advanced and regi

본 실험은 포도주스의 가공 공정중 열처리 조건이 anthocyanin색소 각각에 미치는 영향을 검토함으로서 anthocyanin 색소의 파괴가 최소화 되는 열처리 조건을 결정하는 기초자료를얻고자 실시하였다 Anthocyanin 색소 동정을 위한 분석결과 딸기의 주요 적색소는 pelargonidin-3-glucoside이며, 미국산 포도의 과피 및 주스의 주요 적색소는 delphinidin-3-glucoside와 cyanidin-3-glucosid