This study was conducted to evaluate the contents of antioxidative components from pulpy and seed in wild haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE). Pulpy and seed of haw were smashed, then measured for color properties, antioxidative components of ascorbic acid, phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, anthocyanin, total carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a, b and tannin. The a*, b* and C* values of seed were significantly lower than pulpy, but L* and H° values were higher than that of pulpy. Ascorbic acid contents of pulpy and seed were found to be 10.89±1.69 mg/100 g and 1.45±0.16 mg/100 g, respectively. Phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, total carotene and tannin contents of pulpy and seed were 689.17±3.63 mg/g, 597.78±2.93 mg/g; 355.61±19.39 mg/g, 49.12±4.97 mg/g; 8.32±0.42 mg%, 0.80±0.01 mg%; 7.53± 0.09 mg/g, 1.02±0.03 mg/g, respectively. Similarly, β-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of pulpy also displayed higher values than that of seed. On the contrary, anthocyanin content of seed (4.24±0.33 mg/L) was remarkably higher than pulpy (0.99±0.62 mg/L). The results showed that pulpy could be severed as great natural antioxidant and biohealth functional food.

This study was investigate the influences of wild haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) on lowering blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations in dyslipidemic rats. Four groups of rats were fed different diets for 5 weeks: basal diet (BD group), nondyslipidemic diet+feral haw extract (NDF group), dyslipidemic diet (DLD group), dyslipidemic diet+feral haw extract (DFH group). BUN, creatinine and uric acid concentrations were significantly higher in the DLD group than in the BD group. However, DFH group significantly lowered BUN, creatinine and uric acid concentrations compared to the DLD group. Amylase activity was significantly lower in the DLD group than in the BD group, while DFH group significantly higher compared to the DLD group. Lipase activity was also also significantly lower in the DLD group than the other group. Accordingly, these results suggest that haw extract could be effective for improving kidney function in dyslipidemic rats.

This study was designed in order to determine the influences of haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) on the lipid metabolism syndrome. Sprague Dawley rats, 7 weeks old, were given four different types of diets for 5 weeks: ND group (noncholesterolemic diet), HE group (non cholesterolemic diet+haw extract), CD group (cholesterolemic diet), CH group (cholesterolemic diet+haw extract). Concentrations of LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, blood glucose were remarkably higher in the CD group than the other groups. But by treatment of haw extract group with cholesterolemic diet (CH group) were significantly decreased compared with CD group. Cholesteryl ester ratio was no difference between CD group and CH group. These results indicate that Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE would be effective in lipid metabolism syndrome.

This study was conducted to observe the influences of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE extract on lipid concentration in hypercholesterolemic rats (Sprague Dawley, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Body weight gain was remarkably lower in the Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE extract intake group than in the hypercholesterolemic rats. Total cholesterol concentration was remarkably lower in the extract of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE supplement in hypercholesterolemic rats than in the hypercholesterolemic model. Whereas, concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol were remarkably higher in the extract of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE supplement in hypercholesterolemic rats than in the hypercholesterolemic model. Atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF) were remarkably lower in the extract of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE supplement in hypercholesterolemic rats than in the hypercholesterolemic model. From the above research, Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE extract was effective on the lipid concentrations in sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE extract supplementation of non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), concentrations of serum protein and electrolyte in sera on the hyperlipidemic rats. Concentrations of NEFA and globulin were remarkably lower in the Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE extract group (HW group) than in the hyperlipidemic group (HD group), but no difference between control group (CO group) and extract of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE supplement in control group (NW group). However, concentrations of electrolyte K and A/G were higher in the HW group than HD group. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, electrolyte of total Ca, Pi, Na and Cl were no difference between HW group than HD group. The results indicate that Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE extract was in the improvement of hyperlipidemic rats.

산사과육을70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol, ethyl acetate(EA)로 추출하여 시료 농도 0.2 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.8 mg/mL 농도에서 각 추출물의 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. DPPH radical 소거 활성은 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform:methanol(2:1, v/v), ethyl acetate, n-butanol 추출물 순으로 높게 측정되었고 특히 70% methanol 및 70% ethanol 추출물은 다른 추출물에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 0.8mg/mL 농도에서 각각 92.89%, 91.17%의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 환원력과 ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)는 동일한 경향을 나타내었는데 활성은 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform: methanol(2:1,v/v) 추출물 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 70% methanol 및 70% ethanol 추출물이 다른 추출물에 비하여 높은 것으로 측정되었다(p<0.05). ABTS radical 소거 활성은 DPPH와 동일한 경향이었으며 0.8 mg/mL 농도에서 70% methanol 및 70% ethanol 추출물은 각각 75.81%, 74.73%의 활성을 나타내었다. NO radical 소거 활성은 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, chloroform:methanol(2:1, v/v) 추출물 순으로 나타났고, hydroxyl radical 소거 활성은 n-butanol, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform: methanol(2:1, v/v), ethyl acetate 추출물 순으로 측정되었다. Hydroxyl radical 소거 활성을 제외한 다른 실험 결과에서 70% methanol 및 70% ethanol 추출물은 다른 용매 추출물에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났고 chloroform: methanol(2:1, v/v), ethyl acetate, n-butanol 추출물 간에는 대부분 유의성이 없는 것으로 측정되었다(p<0.05). 본 실험 결과 산사 과육 추출물의 항산화 활성은 우수한 것으로 나타났고 특히, 70% methanol 및 70% ethanol 추출물에서 높은 활성을 보였다. 따라서 산사는 천연 항산화제 및 기능성 식품 소재로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

신선편이 연근의 갈변을 저해하기 위해 감초, 황기 추출물로 블랜칭 처리하여 색도, 경도, DPPH radical 소거능, pH 및 가용성 고형분 함량을 분석하였다. 갈변의 지표인 색도 L* 값의 결과, 감초 또는 황기 추출물을 처리한 구에서 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 경도의 경우 모든 구에서 유의적 차이가 발견되지 않았으며, DPPH radical 소거능은 모든 구에서 저장 기간에 따라 감소하였으나 감초 추출물 처리구의 활성이 가장 높게 유지되었다. pH는 저장 기간에 따라 모든 구에서 감소하였으나 대조구가 가장 서서히 감소하였으며, 가용성 고형분 함량의 경우 저장 기간이 증가할수록 처리구의 함량은 증가하고 대조구는 그 수준을 유지하였으며 처리구 사이의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 감초와 황기 열수 추출물의 블랜칭 처리가 신선편이 연근의 품질 열화에는 영향을 주지 않으면서 갈변을 효과적으로 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study was carried out to investigate the variation of growth and yield using different planting densities and vinyl mulching in S. miltiorrhiza cultivation. Top plant growth was observed in the 30×30cm planting density of S. miltiorrhiza;, plant height, leaves and branches were larger than in the other treatments. Root length, root diameter, and supporting roots of underground part were increased as planting density was wide, and dry root weight was increased in 30×30cm. However, yield was highest at 294 kg/10a in the planting density of 30×10cm. The use of 30-31cm white and black vinyl mulching had no significant effect on the plant height of S. miltiorrhiza, as compared to non-mulching. However, the highest volume of leaves and plant weight was observed in plants using 24.7 black vinyl mulching. Dry underground root weight was highest in black vinyl mulching at 21.7 g compared to 17.0 g for non-mulching. Yield per 10a increased by 28% using black vinyl mulching compared to non-mulching. Based on the results of this study, planting density of 30×10cm and black vinyl mulching are the most suitable in the cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza.

This studies were conducted to investigate the growth responses and yields of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge which were grown with organic cultivation using two organic fertilizers and two green manure crops of hairy vetch and rye in 2008 and 2009. The lengths of stems and roots were not clearly different between organic and conventional cultivations. The root diameters and the branch numbers were slightly thicker and more in all treatments of organic cultivation than that of conventional cultivation in 2008, although they were not significantly different between two cultivating methods in 2009. The dry weights of shoot and root were heavier on organic cultivation than those on conventional cultivation. The T/R ratios were commonly higher in organic culture, showing more clearly in 2008 than 2009. The yields were generally higher in organic cultivation than those in conventional cultivation in 2008 although the effect did not clear on yield in 2009. The organic cultivation using of organic fertilizers and green manure crops would be new method to have safety and qualitative products. The techniques of organic cultivation for Astragalus membranaceus Bunge would be studied more on utilizing the natural organic resources.

본 연구에서는 발모의 성장결여로부터 모내기의 천연성분에 의한 침투력, 침투면적, 모발성장속도, 모발의 수 및 표면에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사를 수행하였다. 제모를 통한 모발의 성장 속도와 모내기의 피부 침투력, 약물도달 부위를 CLSM710 공초점 현미경으로 관찰하였는데, 고삼, 단삼 및 인삼의 혼합물인 모내기를 10 μg/ml 농도로 처리한 그룹에서는 정상군과 대조군과 비교시 33 ± 4과 60 ± 6 (AFI: 인위적 형광강도)인데 반해, 약 6782 ± 67 AFI (인위적 형광강도)으로 약 205배와 113배의 침투능력을 나타내었고 면적은 정상군과 대조군은 각각 약 22 ± 3와 44 ± 6 AFI인데 반해 모내기군은 약 5602 ± 45 AFI였고 각각 255배와 127배 정도 침투면적의 확대되었음을 관찰하였다. 또한 confocal LSM700으로 관찰한 결과 대조군은 진피층에 존재하는 collagen IV에서 아무런 녹색형광이 없는 반면 모내기군은 collagen IV이 함유한 진피층에서 강한 녹색형광이 관찰하였는데, 이는 모내기 주성분이 피부 진피층까지 도달한 것이라 사료되고 남자 15명과 여자 5명 중 20대 4명(20 %), 30대 10명(50 %), 그리고 40대 이상 6명(30 %)의 내원환자의탈모의 털 직경과 표면, 탈모의 수, 그리고 발모의 수를 조사하여 본 결과 평균 약 75 % 개선효과를 나타내므로 모내기의 천연성분이 발모인자의 활성화를 촉진하여 모낭 성장을 촉진시키는 기능을 유도하리라 사료된다.

In order to select superior tree from Korea, five major phenolic compounds including (-)-epicatechin(EC), chlorogenic acid (ChA), hyperoside (HP), isoquercitrin (IQ), and procyanidin B2 (PC-B2) in hawthorn fruit were evaluated. We also compared these hawthorn fruits of five clones with Chinese hawthorn cultivars. HPLC with a diode-array detector was used to determine the contents of the individual compounds. Hawthorn fruits of five clones (selected from different area of Korea), and four Chinese hawthorn cultivars grown in the Korea Forest Research Institute (Suwon) were utilized. With their high functional components, Jungsun is the clone including the highest contents of EC (11.26 mg/g) and PC-B2 (24.46 mg/g). The clone of Chuncheon 15 had highest HP (0.53 mg/g) and IQ (0.41 mg/g). From the results, the clone of Jungsun and Chuncheon 15 can be evaluated to be selected breeding material for cultivar development.

황기의 자가불화합성 타파를 위한 노화수분 처리, NaCl 처리 및 CO2 처리에 대한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 비닐하우스에서 노화수분은 8월 하순에는 거의 수정이 되지 않았으며, 9월 상순부터 10월 상순까지는 개화 당일 부터 개화 후 2일까지 수정되었고, 9월 하순 개화 당일 수분한 것이 결협율 33.3%, 결실율 86.2%로 가장 양호하였다. 노지에서 노화수분은 대조구는 8월 하순부터 10월 상순까지 결협은 되었으나, 9월 중순과 9월 하순을 제외하고 결실이 되지 않았으며, 9월 하순의 개화 후 1일에 결협율 39%, 결실율 94.9%로 가장 양호하였다. NaCl 처리는 비닐하우스에서는 1% 농도 처리가 결협율은 10월에서 21.3%로 가장 좋았으나, 결실율은 9월 하순 66.7%로 가장 양호 하였고, 노지에서는 NaCl 농도 5%에서 결협율 7.3%, 결실율 90.9%로 가장 양호하였다. 식물생육상을 이용하여 CO2 700 ppm을 처리한 결과 무처리구와 큰 차이 없었다. 결론적으로 황기 자가불화합성 타파를 위하여 9월 중하순에 자화가 아닌 자가화를 개화당일 또는 개화 후 1일에 인공수분해주거나 NaCl 1~5%를 처리해주면 자가불화합성을 타파할 수 있다고 사료된다.

약용식물로 재배되고 있는 지모를 대상으로 McFISH 기법을 이용하여 45S와 5S rDNA 유전자의 염색체상의 위치를 확인하여 물리지도를 확립하였다. 2쌍의 45S rDNA는 1번 염색체의 단완 말단과 3번 염색체의 동원체 부위에서 관찰되었고, 1번 염색체의 signal이 3번 염색체에서의 signal보다 더 강하게 나타났다. 한 쌍의 5S rDNA signal은 45S rDNA signal과 함께 3번 염색체의 동원체 부위에서 관찰되었다.