PURPOSES : For high driving performance and service life of cement concrete pavement, construction quality must be secured. The construction quality is to be measured after pavement construction, but in this case, it is difficult to improve construction quality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for measuring and correcting the profile of the pavement and subbase so that the construction quality can be monitored immediately after construction. METHODS : The device that can measure the construction quality of cement concrete pavement has been developed. Through the experiment simulating the field situation, the profile of the pavement and subbase was measured and calibration method was developed. RESULTS : In the measured profile, an outlier by the sensor and noise by the sensor and vibration were measured, and a step-like profile was measured differently from the acture one. To remove outliers, the boxplot outlier removal method was applied by overlapping each data group. The noise were removed by a low pass filtering. And, it was calibrated to a profile similar to the acture one through the sampling interval adjustment and the weighted moving average method. CONCLUSIONS : The method that can measure and calibrate the profile that is almost identical to the actual one has been developed. Accordingly, it is expected that the performance of the pavement can be improved by accurately monitoring the construction quality immediately after construction.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to build an optimization model using the capacity and initial travel speed of the volume delay functions for network calibration performed in the traffic demand analysis process. METHODS : The optimization model contains an error term between the observed traffic volume and estimated traffic volume, based on the user equilibrium principle, and was constructed as a bi-level model by applying range constraints on capacity and travel time. In addition, we searched the split section to apply the method of adjusting the section instead of adjusting the single link. The optimization model is constructed by applying the warm-start method using the bush of the origin-based model so that parameter adjustment and traffic assignment are repeatedly executed within the model and the convergence of the model configured %RSSE. RESULTS : As a result of analysis using the toy network, the optimization model is that the observed traffic volume is estimated when there are no restrictions and, when the constraint conditions were set, the error with the observed traffic volume and error rate was significantly reduced. As a result of the comparative analysis of the trial-and-error methods, KTDB optimum values, and optimization models in empirical analysis using a large-scale network, the evaluation indexes (e.g., RMSE and %RMSE) were significantly improved by applying the optimization model. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the empirical analysis, the optimization model of this study can be applied to large-scale networks and it is expected that the efficiency and reliability of road network calibration will be improved by repeatedly performing parameter adjustment and traffic assignment within the model.

The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the effects of temperature and relative humidity on two electrochemical sensors measuring hydrogen sulfide and ammonia using a laboratory testing system for various sensors, and (ii) to propose a calibration method for those concentrations to collect more reliable monitoring data. The effect of temperature and relative humidity was tested under three different conditions, respectively. The linearities measured data under all different conditions for the relative humidity and temperature were excellent, indicating more than 0.99 of R2 for both odor sensors. Under the condition of zero concentration, baselines (intercepts) at zero increased with increasing relative humidity for both hydrogen sulfide and ammonia sensors. The rate of gas concentration according to ADC variation (slopes) increased with increasing relative humidity about only the hydrogen sulfide sensor. In this study, slope, and intercept are utilized for calibration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia concentration, and the reliability of the data of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia sensors is further enhanced by the relational expression obtained by this paper.

The gas adsorption isotherm requires accurate measurement for the analysis of porous materials and is used as an index of surface area, pore distribution, and adsorption amount of gas. Basically, adsorption isotherms of porous materials are measured conventionally at 77K and 87K using liquid nitrogen and liquid argon. The cold volume calibration in this conventional method is done simply by splitting a sample cell into two zones (cold and warm volumes) by controlling the level sensor in a Dewar filled with liquid nitrogen or argon. As a result, BET measurement for textural properties is mainly limited to liquefied gases (i.e. N2 or Ar) at atmospheric pressure. In order to independently investigate other gases (e.g. hydrogen isotopes) at cryogenic temperature, a novel temperature control system in the sample cell is required, and consequently cold volume calibration at various temperatures becomes more important. In this study, a cryocooler system is installed in a commercially available BET device to control the sample cell temperature, and the automated cold volume calibration method of temperature variation is introduced. This developed calibration method presents a reliable and reproducible method of cryogenic measurement for hydrogen isotope separation in porous materials, and also provides large flexibility for evaluating various other gases at various temperature.

전세계적으로 일사계 비교관측 기술은 급격히 발전하고 있지만 국내의 경우 일사 비교관측 표준지침을 준비하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 기상 및 지리적 환경을 고려하여 전천일사계의 비교관측 절차를 정립하였다. 2017년 아시아 지역 복사센터에서는 국가표준 일사계들의 비교관측을 통해 일사계 보정이 이루어졌다. 이때 검교정된 기상청 기준기를 이용하여 기상청의 부기준기들과 강릉원주대의 전천일사계의 비교관측 및 검교정이 수행되었다. 비교 관측 및 검교정은 2018년 10월 24일부터 10월 25일(2일)까지 수행되었으며 비교관측자료를 분석하여 오차분석 및 검교정을 수행하였다. 보정전 비교관측에 따르면, 전천일사계 부기준기들(B-J)은 기상청 전천일사계 기준기(A)를 기준으로 ±12.0Wm−2 이하의 편차가 나타났고 B와 I 전천일사계는 ±4.0Wm−2 미만의 작은 편차를 보였다. 태양 복사량이 450 Wm−2 이상인 자료들을 이용하여 감도정수의 보정값을 계산하였다. B와 I 일사계(오차 ±0.5Wm−2 이하)를 제외한 일사 계들(오차 ±5Wm−2 이상)은 0.08-0.16 μV (Wm−2)−1 감도정수 변경이 적용되었다. C 일사계는 감도정수의 변화가 가장 컸으며 감도정수는 −0.16 μV (Wm−2)−1으로 보정하였다. 비교관측에 참가한 9종의 기준기 및 부기준기들의 최종 관측오차는 0.06Wm−2 (0.08%) 이하였으며 허용범위인 ±1.00% (±4.50Wm−2 )로 검교정되었다.

The coupled shear wall system with coupling beams is an efficient structural system for high-rise buildings because it can provide excellent ductility and energy dissipation to the buildings. The objective of this study is to simulate the hysteretic behavior of diagonally reinforced concrete coupling beams including pinching and cyclic deteriorations in strength and stiffness using a numerical model. For this purpose, coupling beams are modeled with an elastic beam element and plastic spring element placed at the beam ends. Parameters for the analytical model was calibrated based on the test results of 6 specimens for diagonally reinforced concrete coupling beams. The analytical model with calibrated model parameters is verified by comparing the hysteretic curves obtained from analysis and experimental tests.

목 적 : 유방 MRI검사에서 회전 자장(B1)의 불균일성은 코일의 중심에 검사부위가 없고 우측과 좌측으로 나뉘어진 유방의 해부학적 구조의 영향을 많이 받는다. 또한 환자의 유방과 유방사이, 유방과 코일사이의 air-gap이 증가할수록 B1의 불균 일성도 증가하여 영상의 화질을 저하시킨다. 그러나 최근 유방암 환자의 증가에 따라 비대칭유방 환자 및 편측유방 등 small breast 환자들이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 자체 제작한 phantom과 다양한 B1 calibration scan parameter를 이용하여 small breast에서 B1 calibration scan parameter의 변화에 대한 평가와 영상화질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 검사 대상으로는 Invivo사의 breast phantom과 자체 제작 phantom을 이용하였다. 장비 사에서 권고하는 B1 calibration parameter가 최적의 조건을 나타내는지 평가하기 위한 대상으로 breast coil을 가득 채우는 Invivo사의 breast phantom을 사용하였고, 자체 제작 phantom을 이용하여 small breast일 때 최적의 B1 calibration parameter를 확인하였다. 연구에 사용된 장비는 Philips INGENIA 3.0T(Philips medical system, Netherlands)이고, 신호수집 코일은 16channel Breast coil을 사용하였다. 연구방법은 B1 calibration scan parameter 중 slice thickness(두께)를 5, 8, 12, 15, 20 mm로 Flip angle(FA)을 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 degree로 변화시켜가며 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상을 획득하였다. 정량적 평가로 획 득한 영상의 우측(Rt)과 좌측(Lt)에 각각 5개의 ROI를 그려 신호 대 잡음비(signal to noise ratio; SNR)를 비교 분석하였고 one-way ANOVA(SPSS 18.0K for windows)로 통계 검정하였다. 정성적 평가방법으로는 B1 map profile을 통해 B1의 균일성을 비교하였다. 결 과 : Invivo phantom으로 획득한 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상의 SNR은 B1 calibration scan parameter의 두께와 FA의 변화에 따라 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 두께별 변화에서는 8 mm, FA별 변화에서는 60°일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 자체 제작 phantom에서도 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상의 SNR은 B1 calibration scan parameter의 두께와 FA의 변화에 따라 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 두 영상 모두 두께가 12mm 일 때 가장 높게 나타났으며, FA은 80°일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. B1 profile을 통해 확인한 자체 제작 phantom의 B1 균일도는 두께가 12 mm, FA이 80°일 때 가장 균등한 그래프를 나타냈다. 결 론 : 자체 제작 phantom의 B1 map 분석을 통해 장비사에서 권고된 parameter 변화의 필요성을 제고하고, 최적의 B1 calibration scan parameter를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 small breast 환자의 경우에는 B1 calibration scan parameter의 변 경이 필요하며, 이를 통해 SNR과 B1 균일성이 향상된 진단적 가치가 높은 유방 MRI영상을 얻을 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.