본 연구는 경상남도 거제시 맹종죽림 내에 방치된 하층 부산물의 수거 효율을 개선하기 위한 방안으로 수라 장비를 활용한 수거 방법을 제안하고, 기존 지게 방식과의 효율성을 비교하였다. 연구는 2023년 지게 방식과 2025년 수라 방식의 수거 작업을 동일한 지역 내 3개 구역(A, B, C)에 걸쳐 수행하였으며, 각 구역에 400 m² 규모의 조사구를 설치하여 수거량, 작업 시간, 뭉치 수 등을 측정하였다. 수라 방식은 평균적으로 400 m²당 592.4 kg의 하층 부산물을 2시간 40분 만에 수거할 수 있었으며, ha당 환산 시 약 14.8톤의 부산물이 수거 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 지게 방식은 동일 면적에서 평균 1,045.2 kg을 수거하였으나, 평균 13시간이 소요되어 노동 강도가 높고 작업 효율이 낮았다. 특히 수라 방식은 경사도가 높은 지역에서도 안정적으로 운용 가능하였으며, 작업자의 피로도 감소와 인건비 절감 효과가 확인되었다. 플롯 간 뭉치 무게에 대한 통계적 분석 결과, 구역별 부산물의 무게 변동성과 뭉치 당 평균 무게 차이가 존재하였으며, 이는 지형 조건과 생육 상태에 따라 수거 효율이 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 수거된 부산물은 바이오매스 자원으로 활용 가능성이 높아, 죽림 내 자원 순환과 생태적 건강성 확보에 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구는 맹종죽림의 경영에 있어서 수라 장비를 통한 작업 효율 중심의 현장 적용 가능성을 제시한다.

A total of 128 halophilic and marine-associated bacterial strains were isolated from environmental marine samples and fermented seafood products collected in the Sacheon region of South Korea. The aim was to secure region-specific microbial resources and evaluate their potential for industrial use. The isolates belonged to 4 phyla, 15 families, 30 genera, and 61 species. The phylum Bacillota, particularly the family Bacillaceae, was the major taxonomic group (62.5%), comprising 14 genera and 36 species, such as Alkalihalobacillus, Bacillus, Caldibacillus, Cytobacillus, Fictibacillus, Halobacillus, Lysinibacillus, Metabacillus, Neobacillus, Oceanobacillus, Priestia, Rossellomorea, Rummeliibacillus, and Ureibacillus. Members of the phylum Pseudomonadota, primarily the family Alteromonadaceae, accounted for 4.7% of the isolates and included the genera Marinobacter and Microbulbifer. All isolates identified as members of the phylum Pseudomonadota were strong auxin producers or showed high extracellular enzyme activities. Functional characterization showed that 86 strains (67.2%) exhibited hydrolytic activity for at least one enzyme (protease, amylase, or lipase), and 32 strains (25%) produced auxin. The functions of the microbial resources in the Sacheon region are highly diverse. Collectively, the isolated strains show potential for application in managing marine environments, bioprocessing, and the fermented seafood industry, underscoring their value as genetic resources for future biotechnological use in South Korea.

Marine debris has become a serious global environmental and economic concern with abandoned fishing gear identified as one of the primary drivers threatening marine ecosystems. In South Korea, a substantial amount of fishing gear continues to enter the ocean annually; however, the current land-based disposal system faces inherent limitations including high transportation costs and low recycling efficiency. To address these challenges, this study evaluated the feasibility of repurposing decommissioned fishing vessels as marine pre-treatment platforms to collect and process abandoned fishing gear at sea. Results indicate that marine pre-treatment vessels can reduce the volume of discarded fishing gear, thereby cutting transport and disposal costs. Refitting decommissioned vessels is more cost-effective than new construction and increases their recycling value. This research provides a policy and technical foundation to improve the marine debris management system by assessing the economic and environmental benefits of deploying marine pre-treatment vessels.

This study analyzes how Bohemian styles were reinterpreted in modern fashion through the Chloé collections from the 2021 F/W to the 2024 S/S season, during which Gabriela Hearst served as creative director. A total of 221 photos from the Chloé ready-to-wear collections were collected from Vogue, a prominent fashion website, and analyzed. The design analysis method for empirical research involved a frequency analysis of formative characteristics, including especially silhouettes, materials, colors, and decorative elements that can be visually examined. Straight silhouettes were the most prevalent, reflecting the freedom of Bohemian style through layered styling. Regarding the materials, leather was the most prominent, and the use of suede, with its soft and flexible drape, conveyed romantic characteristics. Concerning colors, black was dominant, and when combined with folkloric decorations or silhouettes, it was used to emphasize ethnic traits. While minimal or undecorated designs were the most common among decorative elements, the use of pleats and flounces conveyed a feminine and romantic character through their fluid volume. By analyzing the formative characteristics of Chloé’s brand identity and the designer’s philosophy, this study showcases the need for further in-depth research into the formative traits of Bohemian style as interpreted by various high fashion brands. The findings are expected to serve as a valuable reference for future trend analysis and design development.

전 세계 식량 안보는 기후 변화와 인구 증가로 인해 점점 더 위협받고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위해서는 유전체학, 표현형 학, 인공지능을 통합한 첨단 육종 전략이 필요하다. 본 연구는 유전자형 데이터 증강과 반지도 학습을 활용하여 토마토 육종 에서의 표현형 예측 정확도를 향상시키는 것을 목표로 한다. 총 192종의 토마토 계통을 온실 환경에서 재배하며, 과중, 높 이, 너비, 경도, 당도 등 5가지 주요 형질에 대한 유전자형, 표 현형, 환경 데이터를 수집한다. 제안된 1차원 합성곱신경망 기반의 유전자형 데이터 증강 프레임워크는 원본 데이터셋을 확장하고, 라벨이 안된 데이터를 효과적으로 활용하기 위한 수도 라벨링 전략을 도입한다. 또한, 온도, 습도 등 환경 변수 는 생육 기간 동안의 통계적 특징값을 추출하여 모델 입력에 통합함으로써 재배 조건을 보다 현실적으로 반영하였다. 표 현형 예측은 트리 기반 및 딥러닝 아키텍처를 포함한 다양한 모델을 통해 수행되었으며, 서로 다른 네트워크 구조에 따른 성능을 비교 및 평가한다. 실험 결과, 유전자형 데이터 증강은 전반적으로 예측 성능을 향상시켰으며, 특히 LightGBM과 CatBoost와 같은 트리 기반 모델에서 가장 큰 개선 효과를 보 였다. 또한 최신 딥러닝 모델과의 비교 실험을 통해 제안된 접 근법의 강건성을 확인한다. 이러한 결과는 제안된 방법이 데 이터가 제한된 육종 환경에서도 실질적인 성능 향상을 달성할 수 있는 효과적인 전략임을 보여주며, 향후 멀티오믹스 및 환 경 데이터와의 통합을 통해 확장 가능한 디지털 육종 프레임 워크로 발전할 가능성을 제시한다.

This paper conducts a study on the porcelain of the “Duobaoge”(多寶格), a representative combination of artifacts from the Qianlong period in the Qing Dynasty. The Duobaoge is the most significant form of artifact combination during the Qianlong’s period era, vividly reflecting Qianlong's unique aesthetic sensibilities while also containing rich political and cultural connotations. This research explores the differences between the artifact combination “BaiShijian” (百十件) and the “Duobaoge” from the same period, clarifying the considerable and diverse significance of the porcelain that constitutes the Duobaoge. Therefore, it comprehensively examines the combinations and contexts of porcelain within the Duobaoge, further analyzing the political intentions and ideological aspects underlying the Qianlong’s vision.

본 논문은 청대 건륭 시기의 대표적 유물 조합인 ‘다보격(多寶格)’의 자기에 대한 연구를 진행한 것이다. 다보격은 건륭 시기에 가장 중요한 예술품 조합 형식으로, 단순히 건륭의 독 특한 미적 취향을 생생하게 반영할 뿐만 아니라, 풍부한 정치적, 문화적 함의를 내포한다. 본 연구에서는 동시기의 유물 조합인 ‘백십건(百什件)’과 ‘다보격’ 간의 차이를 탐구하고, 다 보격을 구성하는 자기의 비중이 크고 다양한 점을 규명하였다. 따라서 다보격 내에 구성되는 자기의 조합과 맥락을 종합적으로 검토하고, 나아가 그 이면에 담긴 건륭의 정치적 의도와 사상적 측면을 분석한다.

This study explores the expressive characteristics of new media fashion collections, which have emerged through the convergence of fashion and digital technologies. As new media develops with the integration of old media, fashion collections are increasingly functioning as media tools to convey identity, narrative, and artistic intent beyond aesthetic presentation. Through a literature review and case analysis of collections from 2000 S/S to 2025 S/S, this study defines the term ‘new media fashion collection’ and investigates its communicative functions. The findings reveal that such collections embody the significance of the expansion of space-time, evolution of expression methods, and decentralization of experience, while diversifying meanings and modes of expression based on new media attributes such as extensibility, integrativeness, and interactivity. More specifically, their expressive characteristics can be understood through four characteristics: the direct representation through borrowing, the diversity of message expression, the immersion through unreality, and the narrative construction via editing. Collectively, these characteristics demonstrate how new media fashion collections emphasize themes by using digital technology to borrow or transform old media content. Digital technologies allow fashion collections to unfold across limitless space-time dimensions, positioning them as versatile communication media and enhancing expressive possibilities. These approaches reflect how fashion collections in the digital era integrate technological elements to enrich communication and viewer engagement. This research contributes to the positioning of fashion collections as a form of media and offers a framework for analyzing their evolving expressions. Further, it highlights the need for continued interdisciplinary research bridging fashion, technology, and media theory.

췌장 괴사에서 생기는 액체저류는 성숙도에 따라 발생 한 달 이내의 것을 급성 괴사저류라고 하며 일반적으로 기질화가 덜 되고 일관된 구조를 보이지 않으며 진행하여 구역성 췌장 괴사를 형성할 수 있다. 일반적으로 급성 괴사저류는 뚜렷한 급성 괴사성 췌장염 이후 발생하는데 급성 췌장염의 과거력 없이 복통, 체중 감소 등의 췌장암 증상으로 내원하여 진단되는 경우는 매우 드물다. 본 증례에서는 복통, 등 통증, 체중 감소 등으로 내원하여 췌장암 의심 하에 검사하였으나 췌장 두부의 급성 괴사저류로 진단되어 보존적 치료로 회복 후 췌장의 미부에 새로운 감염 급성 괴사저류가 발생하여 다량의 농을 함유한 구역성 괴사로 진행해 중재적 치료를 하였던 드문 증례를 경험하여 보고한다.

유묘기의 저온 스트레스는 벼의 초기 생육 및 성장을 방해하여 수량 감소에 영향을 준다. 유묘기 내냉성 육종을 위해서는 내냉성을 조절하는 유전자좌를 탐색하고, 유용한 대립유전자를 도입하여 유묘기의 내냉성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국형 벼 핵심집단 134 계통의 유묘기 내냉성을 검정하고 전장유전체 연관 분석을 통해 해당 형질과 연관된 QTL 및 후보 유전자를 탐색하였다. 생육 10일 된 벼 유묘에 8°C의 저온을 3일 동안 처리한 후, 달관평가를 통해 1-10단계로 내냉성을 평가하였다. 1,781,068개의 SNP 마커를 이용한 전장유전체 분석을 통해 3, 5, 6, 9번 염색체에서 유묘기 내냉성 형질과 높은 연관성을 보인 4개의 QTL을 탐지하였다. 4개의 QTL 지역 중 염색체 5번에 위치한 qCTS5는 2개의 분석 모델에서 일관적으로 발견되어 높은 신뢰성을 보였다. qCTS5의 물리적 위치를 기준으로 24개의 유전자가 확인되었고, 이중 8개 유전자가 내냉성 형질과 관련 있다고 보고되었다. 추후 bi-parental population을 이용하여 유전자를 동정하고, 저온 환경에서의 역할을 명확히 밝히고자 한다.

청대는 중국 장서 문화가 학문적, 사회적 정점에 도달한 시기로, 도서 수집, 보존, 교류, 출판 활동이 활발히 이루어졌다. 국립 및 개인 장서루의 설립은 도서 보존의 중심 역할을 하며, 장서가들은 희귀본과 귀중본을 체계적으로 관리하고 보존하였다. 이러한 장서 활동은 학문적 네트워크 형성과 전통 문헌의 체계적 보존 및 활용을 가 능하게 하였다. 특히, 藏書紀事詩와 같은 새로운 형식의 장서 전문 서적은 장서 연 구를 심화시켰고, 藏書十約는 도서 관리 방법을 체계적으로 정리하였다. 장서가들 간의 교류와 도서 교환은 지식의 전파를 도왔으며, 도서 출판 활동은 희귀본의 유통 과 학문적 발전에 기여하였다. 본 연구는 청대 장서문화의 다층적 특징과 학문적 가 치를 재조명하며, 문헌 보존 연구와 학술 네트워크 발전의 기틀을 제시하였다.

This study investigates the factors influencing the seed longevity of Quercus myrsinifolia, a species with recalcitrant seeds highly sensitive to desiccation and freezing. The effects of moisture content, seed collection date, and storage methods on seed viability were analyzed using exponential decay modeling. Interactions between these factors were also explored to refine conservation strategies. Seeds with moisture content above 40% demonstrated a predicted seed longevity of 2.19 years, whereas those with moisture content below 30% had seed longevity of less than 1 year. Late-season seeds collected in November and December exhibited superior germination percentages and longer predicted seed longevity (1.32 years) compared to early-season seeds collected in September and October (<1 year). In seed weight, large seeds (2.0 g) showed longer predicted seed longevity about 1.5 times greater than that of small seeds (<1.2g). Storage methods significantly affected seed longevity, with refrigerator (4°C) with silica gel maintaining viability for 2–3 years, while seeds stored at room temperature (25°C) exhibited a seed longevity of less than 1 year. Silica gel was found to prevent seed deterioration due to over-desiccation, emphasizing the importance of balanced moisture regulation. Q. myrsinifolia seeds exhibited 𝑏 values ranging from 0.30 to 2.04, demonstrating a close relationship between decay constant, moisture content, storage conditions, and seed longevity. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing seed storage and propagation strategies for Q. myrsinifolia, contributing to its conservation and ecological restoration efforts.

Due to the onset of urbanization worldwide, there is an increasing demand for improving the quality of the urban environment. Odor in wastewater collection systems (WCSs) can interfere with the comfortable and safe living conditions of citizens. Additionally, it can cause economic losses, such as the corrosion of wastewater collection facilities. In this paper, the mechanism of odor generation in WCSs was summarized, and the odor concentrations and sulfide generation rates measured in domestic and foreign WCSs were comprehensively analyzed to review the characteristics of odor emission in WCSs. The complex odor intensity (dilution-tothreshold value) measured in combined domestic sewers ranged from 10 to 10,000, with a median of 100. The odorous compound with the highest contribution to complex odor intensity was hydrogen sulfide, which was the odor most frequently detected at the highest concentrations in most WCSs (its median and mean concentrations were 378.0 ppb and 3,771.2 ppb, respectively). The odor emission properties in the WCSs in Australia and Finland were similar to those of South Korea, with the median and mean concentrations of hydrogen sulfide being 1,927.5 ppb and 12,306.1 ppb, respectively. The sulfide generation rates measured in domestic and foreign WCSs ranged from 0.003 to 0.220 g m–2 h–1. In addition, the key factors affecting sulfide generation were sulfate and organic matter concentrations, pH, temperature, flow rate (retention time), dissolved oxygen concentration, and electron acceptor concentrations other than sulfate. To control odor in WCSs, various methods have been proposed to improve their anaerobic environment. These include sucking outside air into the WCSs and improving their hydraulic conditions, such as changing the slope of sewer pipes to minimize sediment deposition. Additionally, periodically removing sediments, which contain a significant amount of organic matters and sulfate-reducing bacteria, is also a useful method for controlling odor in WCSs. Since the odor compounds that contribute the highest odor intensity–and are the most frequently detected–are sulfur-containing odors such as hydrogen sulfide, the control of sulfides is crucial for controlling odor in WCSs. There are chemical control methods for the mitigation of sulfide in WCSs, including air (oxygen) injection and introducing various chemicals, such as alkalis, nitrates, iron salts, and biocides. However, most of the results of odor control using these methods were from laboratory-scale studies. Therefore, additional field-scale experiments should be conducted in WCSs to evaluate the actual effectiveness of various odor control methods. Through these field studies, the optimal conditions for each method to control odor in WCSs can be derived, and the efficiency and economic feasibility of each method can be verified.

This study developed an unmanned autonomous moving algae collection device (HAMA-bot) to remove high-density algae concentrated in the waterfront of urban agricultural reservoirs, and analyzed the effect of algae removal after field application to medium-sized urban reservoir. The algae reduction effect (Chl-a) of the study site in the reservoir by the HAMA-bot operation showed an average 18.5% higher in the treatment area compared to the control area before operation, while the average reduction of 24% in the treatment area after operation. In addition, the Chl-a removal rate, which directly analyzed the influent and effluent of HAMA-bot, showed a very high level with an average of 96.9% (94.7~99.2%). Currently, it is optimized for urban reservoirs and manufactured on a small scale, but it is a useful tool that can be applied on a large scale to large dams and rivers, and it is considered that the field applicability would be improved with the optimized scale.

The Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi recorded a wide range of dictionaries in Han Dynasty, only Cang Jie, Ji Jiu and Analytical Dictionary of Characters had been passed down. Apart from these, scholars of the Qing Dynasty collected the lost content of Fan Jiang, Xun Zuan, Cang Jie Xun Gu, Quan Xue, which can help us to recognize and deepen the understanding of the Han Dynasty dictionaries. There are eleven kinds of books of them, reflecting the strict paradigm of editing in the Qing Dynasty. Among them, Ma Guohan’s edition contains the largest number of articles, with the strengths of detailed evidence and fine proofreading. His weakness is that it mistakenly compiles character sequences of anonymous texts as sequences of Analytical Dictionary of Characters. The disagreement among the people is whether the references to Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong in Analytical Dictionary of Characters claim should be subsumed in Fan Jiang and Xun Zuan. The second difference lies in the collection of scattered writing style of the exegesis of Fan Jiang, Xun Zuan, Cang Jie Xun Gu, Quan Xue.