Background: The therapeutic exercise method using kinesiology taping (KT) has been reported to be effective in activating the suprahyoid muscle in healthy adults. However, its applicability and effectiveness are not known to the physically vulnerable elderly. Objectives: To investigate the effects of kinesiology taping on the activity of suprahyoid muscles in community-dwelling elderly people. Design: Repeated measure design. Methods: We enrolled 23 healthy elderly adults (age range 60–75 years) with no history of neurologic disease. Participants performed five consecutive spontaneous swallowing actions at 5-second intervals under three conditions (KT with 80% stretch, placebo-KT, and non-KT. Activation of the suprahyoid muscles during swallowing in the three conditions was measured using surface electromyography (sEMG). In addition, a 0–10 numerical rating self-report scale was used to evaluate the required effort and the resistance felt during swallowing. Results: KT with 80% stretch were significantly higher in sEMG mean value, peak value, required effort, and resistance felt during swallowing compared to other two conditions (P<.05, all). KT with 80% stretch required the most effort during swallowing and, consequently, has a positive effect on increasing suprahyoid muscle activation. Conclusion: Our results could be taken into consideration in therapeutic exercise method for suprahyoid muscle in dysphagia rehabilitation.

Background: It is difficult to assess whether community-dwelling frail older adults may remain pre-frail status or improve into a robust state without being directly checked by health care professionals. The health information perceived by older adults is considered to be one of best sources of potential concerns in older adult population. An online measurement system combined with item response theory (IRT) and computer adaptive testing (CAT) methods is likely to become a realistic approach to remotely monitor physical activity status of frail older adults. Objects: This article suggests an approach to provide a precise and efficient means of measuring physical activity levels of community-dwelling frail older adults. Methods: Article reviews were reviewed and summarized. Results: In comparison to the classical test theory (CTT), the IRT method is empirically aimed to focus on the psychometric properties of individual test items in lieu of the test as a whole. These properties allow creating a large item pool that can capture the broad range of physical activity levels. The CAT method administers test items by an algorithm that select items matched to the physical activity levels of the older adults. Conclusion: An online measurement system combined with these two methods would allow adequate physical activity measurement that may be useful to remotely monitor the activity level of community-dwelling frail older adults.

본 연구의 목적은 지역아동센터의 원예활동 프로그램 인식과 운영현황을 조사하여 향후 지역아동센터 원예활동 프로그램 발전을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 충청남도 천안시에 위치한 지역아동센터 소장을 대상으로 2018년 2월 26일부터 2018년 3월 9일까지 방문, 이메일, 전화를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문을 통해 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 다중응답분석을 실시하였다. 설문조사를 한 결과, 천안시의 지역아동센터 중 원예활동 프로그램을 실행해 본적이 있는 곳은 49%, 실행해보지 않은 곳은 51%로 나타났다. 실행해 본 적이 있는 곳 중 3개월 이상 프로그램을 진행한 센터는 40%에 불과했으며 주 1회, 1시간으로 복지원예사가 진행하였다. 지역아동센터에서 원예활동 프로그램을 시행하지 않은 가장 큰 이유는 ‘예산’이었다. 인지도를 살펴보면, 응답자 중 96.1%가 원예활동 프로그램이 필요하다고 생각하였으며 56.9%가 원예활동프로그램에 매우 관심이 있다고 답하였다. 원예활동 프로그램의 실행으로 지역아동센터가 아동에게 기대하는 효과로는, 정서안정과 사회성 발달에 도움이 될 것이라는 의견이 높게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 종합하여 보았을 때, 많은 소장이 원예활동 프로그램에 관심은 많지만, 일회성 프로그램으로 인식한다고 생각되어 원예활동 프로그램에 대한 정확한 이해와 교육이 필요하다고 사료되며, 앞으로 지역아동센터에서 프로그램을 진행할 때 ‘정서적 안정’과 ‘사회성 향상’을 목적으로 ‘주 1회’로 지속적인 운영을 할 수 있도록 지역아동센터의 예산확보와 원예활동에 대한 적극적인 홍보가 필요하다고 판단된다.

목적 : 연구의 목적은 지역사회 거주 뇌졸중 환자의 인지ᆞ신체기능에 따른 활동수준과 생활만족도를 알아보고, 상관성 및 영향을 미치는 요인에 관해 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 뇌졸중 환자 159명을 대상으로 한국판 몬트리올 인지평가(Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment; K-MoCA), 신체기능평가(Outpatient Physical Therapy Imporvement in Movement Log; OPTIMAL), 한국형 활동분류카드(Korean-Activity Card Sort; K-ACS), 생활만족도를 평가하였고, 피어슨 상관분석 및 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 전체 활동수준에 영향을 주는 요인은 인지기능 중 시공간/집행기능, 지남력, 주의력, 추상력, 신체기능 중 하지 기능으로 나타났다. 활동수준 하위영역의 수단적 일상생활에 영향을 주는 요인은 인지기능 중 시공간/집행기능, 주의력, 지남력, 신체기능 중 하지 기능으로 나타났다. 여가생활에 영향을 주는 요인은 인지기능 중 지남력과 추상력, 신체기능 중 체간과 하지 기능으로 나타났다. 결론 : 인지ᆞ신체기능이 지역사회 거주 뇌졸중 환자의 활동수준 및 생활만족도와 상관성이 있으며, 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 다양한 영역의 참여가 요구되는 지역사회 거주 뇌졸중 클라이언트의 활동수준 향상을 위해 관련된 인지ᆞ신체기능 요소를 고려한 프로그램의 개발과 적용의 효과를 기대 할 수 있다.

Background: Given the potential benefits of wellness programs promoting physical activity of the community-dwelling frail elderly, it is recommended that comprehensive wellness programs combined with the component of physical activity. This may improve overall health and potentially lower the health care cost of the frail elderly. In general, the frail elderly residing in community or those after being discharged from hospitals are often committed to enhancing the status of participation in physical activity. Objects: The purposes of this study were to identify specific shortcomings of current wellness programs as part of continuum of community rehabilitation services and to propose alternatives for the care of the community-dwelling frail elderly. Through this study, geriatric health care professionals may be able to implement assessments and programs to successfully promote an effective continuum of care for the frail elderly. Methods: Article reviews were summarized and evaluated. Results: A model elaborating the relationship between components of successful wellness program and participation in physical activities for the community-dwelling frail elderly are recommended. First, periodic monitoring the levels of physical activity by the use of online measurement system should be considered. Second, individualized adaptive technologies for selecting optimal physical activities for the elderly may be better fit to individuals’ current status of physical activity. Conclusion: The current status of physical activity in community-dwelling frail elderly can be monitored by online assessment systems. Through the innovative measurement system, elderly may assess his/her physical activity status overtime, select optimal physical activities matching the status, and create the elderly’s own adaptive wellness programs that match to the status while residing in his/her community.

목적 : 본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하는 뇌졸중 환자의 사회관계망과 활동수준의 관계에 대해 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2011년 4월 27일부터 2011년 6월 22일까지 지역사회에 거주하는 뇌졸중환자를 대상으로 조사하 였다. 복지관, 보건소, 병원 등에 우편을 통하여 발송, 회수한 설문지를 포함하여 총 52부의 설문을 분석에 사용하였다. 자료수집 방법은 사회관계망과 활동수준에 대한 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 1대1 면접방법을 사용하였다. 결과 : 뇌졸중 발병 후에도 활동을 유지하는 항목의 빈도를 분석했을 때, 휴식취하기, 텔레비전보기, 앉아서 사색하기 순 으로 나타났다. 사회관계망 분석 결과, 대상자가 가장 중요하게 생각하는 사람의 유형은 1위가 배우자, 그 다음으로 자 녀가 많았고 이는 자연적 원조관계망이 전체 중 80.8%에 해당하는 높은 비율이었다. 그리고 접촉빈도가 많고, 거리가 가까운 사람과 중요한 관계를 맺는 경우가 많았다. 활동수준은 관계크기와 거리, 동질성, 접촉빈도와 유의한 상관관계 를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 지역사회에 거주하는 뇌졸중 환자들의 사회관계망이 자연적 원조관계망에 국한되어 있음을 알 수 있었고, 활동수준과 사회관계망의 상관관계에 대해 알 수 있었다. 따라서 뇌졸중 후 지역사회에 복귀하는 환자들에 게 사회적응과 관련한 정보를 제공하여 지역사회중심재활에 도움을 줄 수 있는 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to know the correlation between the level of participating in badminton community activity - the period of participation, the intensity of participation, and the numbers of participation - and the sports addiction and eventua

Soil microorganism activity in an agricultural field is affected by various factors including climate conditions, soil chemical properties, and crop cultivation. In this study, we elucidate the correlation between microorganism activity and agricultural environment factors using the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) value, which is one of the indicators of soil microbial activity. As a result, the various factors noted above were related to the DHA value. Annual rainfall, soil Mg2+, bacterial and fungal diversities, types of crops, developmental stages, seasons, and cultivation status were highly correlated with the DHA value. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was used to identify that the type of crop affected soil microbial compositions of both bacteria and fungi. Soil used for soybean cultivation showed the highest relative abundance for Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, and Acidobacteria but Actinobacteria and Firmicutes had the lowest relative abundance. In the case of soil used for potato cultivation, Actinobacteria had the highest relative abundance but Proteobacteria had the lowest relative abundance. Armatimonadetes showed the highest relative abundance in soil used for cabbage cultivation. Among the fungal communities, Mortierellomycota had the highest relative abundance for soybean cultivation but the lowest relative abundance for cabbage cultivation; further, Rozellomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Cercozoa had the highest relative abundance for cabbage cultivation. Basidiomycota had the highest relative abundance for potato cultivation but the lowest relative abundance for soybean cultivation.

Our society has been dominated by the Dilemma Theory that rational individuals cannot get out of the 'Tragedy of the Commons' without helps from state or market. However, many empirical researches have discovered cases that common pool resources could be managed by cooperative methods of community. Based on the possibility of managing common pool resources by residents' cooperation/solidarity revealed by the recent case researches, this study aims to seek for the theoretical basis to prove it. Generally, public policies are carried forward based on the theoretical basis of the relevant social issues. The objective of this study is to suggest the new direction of policies related to domestic common resources through the researches on community's role in managing local common pool resources represented as "scenic spot". For this, it aims to reveal the influence of community activity on behavioral intention of local common pool resources, by drawing/quantitatively measuring measurement items of local residents' community activity on top of attitude, norms, and behavioral control suggested by the existing Theory of Planned Behavior. The results of this study are as follows; 4 factors such as attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and community activity were all factors that influenced intention to manage.

Rural development policy has changed from hardware based development to community revitalization. The purpose of this study is to analyze social network of collaborative activity among rural organizations as fundamental of community. The material used in this study is a record of collaborative activites in the community newsletter of Hong-Dong area. 161 of collaborative activities (links) and 75 of organizations (nodes) are investigated in network. 6 collaborative activity type (‘Education’, ‘Socializing’, ‘Meeting’, ‘Culture’, ‘Event’ and ‘Labor’) is classified. ‘Socializing’ is inclusive of approximately half of whole network (50.67%). Closeness centraization, degree centralization and betweenness centralization are measured on top in ‘Education’, ‘Meeting’ and ‘Event’ type. Scatter plot analysis using degree and betweenness centrality index, ‘Maeul Revitalization Center’, ‘Balmak Library’, ‘Woori-Maeul Medical Co-op’, ‘Support Center for Female Farmers’, ‘Hongdong Middle School’ and ‘Mundang Sustainable Agriculture Education Center’ are resulted as the core organization in network. Geographical distribution of collaborative activity is not only concentated in Hong-Dong Myeon but also networked with adjacent administrative district. This study finds its purpose in the detailed analysis of network characteristics of collaborative activity within Hong-Dong area which is representative developed rural community in Korea

The study of horticultural activity program was conducted to community child center children to analyze the effects of the program on children’s emotional regulation ability and self-expression. The subjects of this study were 10 children (5 boys and 5 girls) sampled from H Community Child Center in K City. The horticultural activity program was executed twice a week and a total of 12 sessions during the period from July 4 to August 22, 2014. The results of this study were as follows. In the results of the emotional regulation ability test the mean score increased significantly from 57.0 before the horticultural activity to 63.0 after (P=0.005). In the results of the self-expression test the mean score increased significantly from 67.2 before the horticultural activity to 71.1 after (P=0.008), and among its sub-factors, the content element was changed significantly. The results of this study confirmed that horticultural activities for community child center children have a significantly positive effect on their emotional regulation ability and self-expression.

In less favored areas, it is getting more difficult to manage Satoyama according to aging of rural residents and depopulation. Some support of urban residents are necessary for management of Satoyama. In this paper, the role of Satoyama management activities was clarified through the analysis of the feature of activities for managing Satoyama. The questionnaire and interview surveys were done in order to clarify the actual conditions for management of Satoyama and activities of urban residents who are participating in NPO in Hyogo Prefecture. The results of analysis are as follows. (1)The form of rural-urban exchange in Satoyama is different in each Satoyama. (2)The urban residents are contributing to the region very much on both sides of the manager and the visitor in Satoyama. (3)Many urban residents visit Satoyama for the purpose of enjoying the variety of nature and culture programs in rural area. (4)There are some urban residents who participate in activities for managing Satoyama even if Satoyama is far from their residence. So it is important for rural residents to arrange the condition that they can visit rural area without difficulty.