본 연구는 산란후기에서 토종닭 산란계(KNH)와 하이라인 브란운 산란계(HBH)의 계란 품질을 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. 각 50마리의 KNH (Korean Rhode C, Korean Leghorn F, KNC Yellowish-brown 및 Korean Rhode D의 4원 교배종)와 HBH를 60~64주령까지 실험 케이지에 분배하였다. 실험 종료 시점에 각 그룹에서 30개의 계란을 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 난중은 KNH그룹에서 HBH그룹보다 통계적으로 낮았다(P < 0.05). 난각과 난백 중량은 KNH그룹이 HBH그룹보다 낮았으나(P < 0.05), 난황 중량은 KNH그룹에서 HBH그룹보다 높게 나타났다(P < 0.05). 난각의 강도와 두께는 KNH그룹에서 HBH그룹보다 낮았다(P < 0.05). 난형지수는 KNH그룹이 HBH그룹보다 높았다(P<0.05). 난황 지수와 색에서는 그룹 간 통계적 차이가 없었다. 종합적으로, 산란후기 KNH의 계란은 HBH의 계란에 비해 낮은 품질을 보였다. 국내 토종닭의 한정된 계통 숫자로 교배조합 측면에서 한계가 있기 때문에 교배종의 유전능력을 최대로 발현하기 위한 사양관리 차원(육종선발, 영양 등)의 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Korean Native Pig (KNP) has a uniform black coat color, excellent meat quality, white colored fat, solid fat structure and good marbling. However, its growth performance is low, while the western origin Yorkshire pig has high growth performance. To take advantage of the unique performance of the two pig breeds, we raised crossbreeds (KNP × Yorkshire to make use of the heterotic effect. We then analyzed the liver transcriptome as it plays an important role in fat metabolism. We sampled at two stages: 10 weeks and at 26 weeks. The stages were chosen to correspond to the change in feeding system. A total of 16 pigs (8 from each stage) were sampled and RNA sequencing was performed. The reads were mapped to the reference genome and differential expression analysis was performed with edgeR package. A total of 324 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed (|log2FC| > 1 & q < 0.01), out of which 180 genes were up-regulated and 144 genes were down-regulated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the samples clustered according to stages. Functional annotation of significant DEGs (differentially expressed genes) showed that GO terms such as DNA replication, cell division, protein phosphorylation, regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator, ribosome, focal adhesion, DNA helicase activity, protein kinase activity etc. were enriched. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEGs functioned in cell cycle, Ras signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway etc. Twenty-nine transcripts were also part of the DEGs, these were predominantly Cys2His2-like fold group (C2H2) family of zinc fingers. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that there were three highly interconnected clusters, suggesting an enrichment of genes with similar biological function. This study presents the first report of liver tissue specific gene regulation in a cross-bred Korean pig.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pentoxifylline levels on sperm motility, survival rate, sperm membrane integrity of frozen semen and fresh-extended equine semen in Jeju cross-bred horses. As a result of sperm characteristic comparison depending on pentoxifylline levles at 30 minutes post-thaw, the progressive motilities were 53.25±2.87 (4mM pentoxifylline) and 50.28±2.14 (8mM pentoxifylline) and significantly higher compared to the control group(40.09±5.15) and other treatment group (16mM pentoxifylline, 41.27± 2.82). The progressive fast motility were 22.44±1.62 (4mM pentoxifylline,) and 22.74±3.07 (8mM pentoxifylline) and significantly higher compared to the control group (13.47±1.48) and other treatment group (16mM pentoxifylline, 14.66±3.68) (p<0.05). As a result of sperm characteristic comparison depending on pentoxifylline levles at 30 minutes post-thaw were 68.96±1.64 (4mM pentoxifylline) and 67.90±6.72 (8mM pentoxifylline) and significantly higher compared to the control group (53.48±4.84) and other treatment group (16mM pentoxifylline, 58.14±2.65) (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that treatment groups with 4mM and 8mM pentoxifylline were higher compare to equine seperm mobility and the control group and treatment groups with more than 16mM pentoxifylline has a negative effect on sperm characteristics. After thawing, the total motility in post-thawed equine sperm has increased by 10 percent for 1 hour. these results suggest that pentoxifylline contributes to the improvement of the equine sperm motility and characteristics in post-thawed semen.

This study was conducted to investigate the ovarian cycle changes of the mare according to the season. Twenty four Jeju crossbred horses(Thoroughbred x Jeju horse) raised in Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA were used to identify follicles and corpus luteum with ultrasonography once a week(May 2016~June 2017). Blood samples of experimental horses were collected twice a week for analysis of P4 hormone levels. The mares were considered to have resumed ovarian cyclicity on the day of ovulation if they followed by regular ovarian cycles. Only 13 cases(61.9%) of the total 21cases showed normal ovarian cycle, and 8 cases (38.1%) showed delayed ovarian cycle. Three cases(16.7%) in October, 5 cases(27.8%) in November and 5 cases(27.8%) in December(27.8%) ceased the heat and the remaining 5 cases(27.8%) showed that the estrus was maintained in winter. Horses that stopped estrus ceased the heat until March of next year, and 27.8% were continued the heat during non-breeding season. Eleven cases(61.1%) of 18 cases in April and 2 cases(11.1%) of 18 cases in May returned the estrus.

본 연구는 YorkshireⅹLandraceⅹDuroc(YLD), YorkshireⅹChester whiteⅹYorkshire(YCY), and YorkshireⅹBirkshireⅹDuroc(YBD) 삼원교잡종 목심의 육질특성을 비교하여 새로운 교잡종 생산을 통한 품종개량에 필요한 기초적 자료로 이용하고자 이화학적 분석 및 관능 평가를 실시하였다. 돈육은 출하체중 110-120kg의 규격돈으로서 교잡종 별로 10두씩 임의로 선택하여 도축 후 24시간 동안 0±1℃예냉실에서 냉도체를 만든 후 좌도체로부터 돈육 목심 부위를 발골 및 정형하여 진공포장 후 일반성분 분석, 이화학적 분석 및 관능검사를 실시하였다. 일반성분 분석결과, YLD 교잡종 목심의 지방함량이 다른 교잡종에 비해 높았다(p<0.05). 육색지수의 경우 YLD 교잡종 목심의 L*값이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 가열감량의 경우 YBD 교잡종이 다른 교잡종에 비해 높았지만, 다른지표들은 낮았다(p<0.05). 저장기간별 YCY의 TBARS 수치가 저장 14일차에 다른 교잡종보다 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 관능검사의 경우 YLD와 YCY 교잡종이 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 통해 보수력이 뛰어나고, 전단력가는 낮으며, 지방함량은 높아, 결국 가장 훌륭한 관능검사 결과를 얻은 YLD 교잡종목심에 대한 선호도가 높을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 세가지 형태의 삼원교잡이 육질에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 Jeju crossbred(제주마×더러브렛) 12개월령 체형 형질에 대한 말의 3번 염 색체 단일염기변이 효과를 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 연구의 공시축은 국립축산과학 원 난지축산연구소에서 육성 중인 Jeju crossbred 육성마 199 두(2010년～2015년 출생)를 이용하였다. 공시축은 농후사료(열량 3,825kcal/kg, CP 16.5%)를 체중의 1.2～1.5% 공급 하였으며, 조사료(톨페스큐, 오차드그라스, 이탈리안라이그라스)는 자유 급여하였다. 채혈 은 경정맥을 통해 채혈하여 genomic DNA 분리 후 단일염기변이 유전자형 결정에 이용 하였다. 체형은 12개월령 시점에 체중(Weight), 두장(Head length), 체고(Wither height), 배고(Back height), 고고(Rump height), 체장(Body length), 흉심(Chest depth), 흉폭 (Chest width), 요폭(Back width), 고장(Rump length), 흉위(Chest girth), 전관위(Shank circumference) 그리고 곤폭(Rump width)을 측정하였다. 단일염기변이 (BIEC2-808466, BIEC2-808543, BIEC2-808967, BIEC2-809370)의 유전자형 결정을 위해 중합효소연쇄반 응 및 Pyrosequencer를 이용하였다. 단일염기변이의 유전자형 빈도 및 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium은 CERVUS(version 3.0.3) software를 이용하여 분석하였다. 체형측정치와 담일염기변이 유저자형 효과 추정을 위해 R 통계 패키지(version 3.0.3)를 이용하여 공분 산분석을 하였으며, 유전자형 그룹 간 비교는 P<0.05 수준에서 Turky 검정을 하였다. 통계분석에 이용된 모형은 다음과 같다.            여기 서   : 체형 형질 관측치, μ : 전체 평균, BYi : 출생 연도의 효과, BMj : 출생 개월 의 효과, Sk : 성별의 효과, Pl : 산차의 효과, Gm : 유전자형 효과, eijklm : 임의 오차를 나타낸다. 12개월령 육성마의 평균 체중은 193.7±24.5㎏이었으며, 체고는 124.5±4.0㎝였다. Jeju crossbred(제주마×더러브렛)의 12개월령 체고는 더러브렛 12개월령 체고 145.0±3.0㎝의 85% 수준으로 확인되었다. 분석에 이용된 4종의 단일염기변이의 miner 대립유전인자 빈 도는 0.01～0.291로 확인되어 유전적 다형성이 낮았다. 공변량 중 성별과 산차는 출생연도 와 출생월보다 체형 측정치에서 영향이 낮은 것으로 확인됐다. 12개월령 체형 13종에 대 한 4종의 단일염기변이의 효과를 분석한 결과 BIEC2-808967 단일염기변이는 체장에서 연관관계를 확인할 수 있었으며(P<0.05), BIEC2-809370 단일염기변이에서는 체고, 배고, 고고에서 연관관계를 확인할 수 있었다(P<0.05). BIEC2-808543 단일염기변이는 체고, 체장, 흉위, 전관위에 대한 연관관계가 있는 것으로 보고되었으나 본 연구에서는 BIEC2-808543 단일염기변이 중 체형을 증가시키는 C 대립유전인자 빈도가 0.01로 낮게 나타나 연관성 분석이 무의미하였다. 본 연구결과 Jeju crossbred에서 3번 염색체 단일염기변이는 12개월령 체형에 대해 연관 관계가 있는 것으로 사료되며 성장단계에 따른 추가의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

It is imperious to know the reproductive parameters of the subsisting swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to compare the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas between the local and crossbred at farm and backyard level. A total of 116 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, litter size, birth weight, weaning weight, gestation length, interval between farrowing and number of piglets born per sow in local and crossbred sows were determined and direct questionnaire method was used for data collection. The present study revealed that age at puberty between farm and backyard system of crossbred sows was 8.88±0.153 and 9.85±0.221 months, respectively. The farrowing interval was shorter in crossbred sows which were kept in farming system rather than backyard system. The interval between farrowing and onset of estrus was shorter in crossbred sows. The gestation length was almost similar between backyard and farm condition. The number of litter size per sow per farrowing was 8.45±0.41 in crossbred and 7.17±0.250 in local pigs at backyard system. The birth weight and weaning weight were more in farm conditions than backyard system. The age at puberty in local breed was lower than the crossbred and litter size was 8.45±0.407 in crossbred which was higher than local breed 7.17±0.250 in backyard system. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production and crossbred sows should be reared for obtaining desired productivity.

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the equine chromosomes (ECA) 3 for the body conformations of 12 month of age in Jeju crossbred (Jeju horses × Thoroughbred). A total of 199 Jeju crossbred horse samples were obtained from the National Institute of Subtropical Livestock Research Institute for this study. To correctly estimate the body conformations, we measured thirteen elements relevant to the body conformation such as body weight, wither height, body length for all the 199 horses at 12 month of age. Furthermore, all the horses were genotyped using four SNPs including the BIEC2-808466, BIEC2-808543, BIEC2-808967, BIEC2-809370, of which genomic coordinates range approximately from 105.1Mbp to 110 Mbp in the ECA3. For the phenotypic data sets, the average body weight was 193.7 ± 24.5㎏ and the height was 124.5 ± 4.0㎝. As for the genotypic data, the miner allele frequencies of the SNPs were shown to be varied from 0.01 to 0.291. Using the phenotypic and genotypic data sets, analysis of covariance was performed to find any association between those SNP genotypes and body conformations, using year of birth, month of birth, sex, and parity as the covariance components. The result showed that alternative genotypes in the BIEC2-808967 and BIEC2-809370 SNPs were significantly associated with the body length (P<0.05) and the wither height (P<0.05) respectively in the Jeju crossbred horses. Therefore, it is estimated that there are significant associations in the body conformation of 12 month of age of Jeju crossbred for those two SNPs used in this study.

본 연구는 소비자 기호에 적합한 한국형 비육돈 생산을 위해 Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc(LYD)와 Yorkshire×Berkshire×Duroc(YBD) 삼원교잡종 돈육 등심의 육질 특성을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 돈 육은 생후 180일령, 생체중 110-120kg의 규격돈으로서 교잡종 별로 20두씩 임의로 선택하여 도축 후 24시간 동안 0±1℃ 예냉실에서 냉도체를 만든 후 좌도체로부터 돈육 등심 부위를 발골 및 정형하여 일반성분 및 이화학적 분석을 실시하였다. 일반성분 분석결과, YBD 교잡종의 수분과 지방함량이 LYD 교잡종에 비해 높았지만, 단백질 함량의 경우 LYD 교잡종 함량이 YBD 교잡종보다 더 높았다(P<0.05). pH와 보수력의 경우 YBD 교잡종이 LYD 교잡종보다 더 높은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 가열감량의 경 우 YBD 교잡종이 LYD 교잡종보다 더 낮은 값을 나타내었고(P<0.05), 전단력가의 경우 교잡종간 유의 적인 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 육색지수의 경우 L*, b* 값에 있어 유의적인 차이가 발견되지 않았지만, a* 값의 경우 LYD 교잡종이 YBD 교잡종보다 더 높은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 따라서 삼원교잡종간 육질 특성을 비교하였을 때 YBD 교잡종 등심육에 대한 선호도가 높을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과 를 통해 두가지 형태의 삼원교잡이 육질에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 교잡돈의 출하일령은 약 200일 이고, 175두의 돼지를 도축하여 3개의 그룹(59 ~ 95kg, 96 ~ 110kg, 111 ~ 148kg)으로 나누어, 등심, 상완세갈래근, 대퇴두갈래근, 반막모양근의 육질 특성을 조사하였다. 콜라겐과 지방함량은 반막모양근, 대퇴두갈래근이 111 ~ 148kg 그룹에서 다름 그룹에 비 해 낮은 함량을 나타내었으며(p<0.05), 단백질함량은 반막모양근, 대퇴두갈래근과 상완세갈래근이 111 ~ 148kg 그룹에서 다른 그룹에 비해 높은 함량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 등심과 반막모양근의 명도는 111 ~ 148kg 그룹에서 높게 나타내었으며(p<0.05), 적색도와 황색도는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았 다(p>0.05). pH는 등심에서 체중이 증가함에 따라 낮은 값을 나타냈었다(p<0.05). 가열감량은 등심, 반 막모양근, 대퇴두갈래근, 상완세갈래근이 111 ~ 148kg 그룹에서 보다 59 ~ 95kg 그룹에서 낮게 나타 났으며(p<0.05), 보수력은 반막모양근과 대퇴두갈래근에서 체중이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 전단력은 등심과 상완세갈래근에서 체중이 증가할수록 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 등심의 지방산 분석 결 과는 96 ~ 110kg 그룹에서 oleic acid, MUFA, MUFA/SFA가 높았고(p<0.05), 111 ~ 148kg 그룹에서 trans-vaccenic acid와 SFA가 높았지만(p<0.05), UFA는 낮았다(p<0.05).등심의 관능평가는 연도와 다 즙성이 96 ~ 110kg 그룹에서 높은 점수를 받았다(p<0.05).

Horse leg bone has been used as a traditional folk medicine for the sick and weak. Bone primarily contains collagen, a key building block of cells for bones, cartilage, and ligaments. In our previous study, horse leg bone hydrolysates showed anti-oxidation and skin protection effects against UV light. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of jelly containing Jeju crossbred horse leg bone hydrolysates at 0.3 (HLBH 0.3), 0.5 (HLBH 0.5) and 1.0% (HLBH 1.0). The HLBH 1.0 showed the highest pH and Brix values compare to control. Lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of HLBH 1.0 showed the lowest value compare to other treatments. However, yellowness (b*) of HLBH 0.3 and 0.5% was increased significantly with increasing levels of Jeju crossbred horse leg bone hydrolysates (p<0.05), while HLBH 0.5 and HLBH 1.0 showed no significant difference. Hardness and chewiness of jelly was decreased with increase of HLBH up to 0.5%, whereas no significant difference was found between HLBH 0.5 and 1.0. In sensory evaluation, panels did not tell the difference of jelly with different level of HLBH in all sensory factors likely color, appearance, flavor, chewiness, taste, and overall acceptability. This result suggests that Jeju crossbred horse leg bone hydrolysates can be used up to 1% without any significant bad influence on quality and sensory characteristics of jelly.

한국 재래돼지(KK) 69두 및 재래돼지 모돈과 듀록종 웅돈의 교배를 통하여 생산된 교잡종(KD) 88두 로부터 조사된 체중측정 기록에 대해 세 가지 비선형 성장곡선을 적용하여 KK(Korean Native Sow × Korean Native Boar) 및 KD(Korean Native Sow × Duroc Boar)의 성장모형을 추정하고, 추정된 성 장모형의 모수를 이용하여 KK와 KD에 대한 성장특성에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 각각의 성장곡선 함수로 추정한 성장곡선은 다음과 같다. von Bertalanffy 모형의 경우 KK의 암컷, 수컷, KD의 암컷 및 수컷의 모형은 각각 , 및 로 추정되었다. Gompertz 모형의 경우 KK의 암컷, 수컷, KD의 암컷 및 수컷의 모형은 각각 ,, 로 추정되었다. Logistic 모형의 경우 KK의 암컷, 수컷, KD의 암컷 및 수컷의 모형은 각각 , , 및로 추정되었다. von Bertalanffy 모형의 경우 최대성장시기를 나타내는 변곡점()은 KK 암컷집단과 수컷집단에서 각각 4.40±0.12개월령 및 4.86±0.22개월령으로 추정되었고, KD 암컷 및 수컷집단에서는 각각 3.81±0.09개월령 및 4.00±0.08개월령으로 추정되었다. Gompertz 모형의 경우 는 KK암수 및 KD암수에 대해 각각 4.32±0.11개월령, 4.90±0.12개월령, 4.03±0.69개월령 및 4.11±0.06개월령으로 나타났다. Logistic 모형의 경우 는 KK암수 및 KD 암수에 대해 각각 4.18±0.07개월령, 4.41±0.05개 월령, 4.00±0.06개월령 및 4.03±0.04개월령으로 나타났다. 오차 평균 제곱합의 결과를 보면, KK의 성장은 Logistic, Gompertz 그리고 von Bertalanffy 모형 순으로 적합도가 좋은 것으로 판단되며, KD는 Gompertz, Logistic 그리고 von Bertalanffy 모형 순으로 적합도가 좋은 것으로 판단된다.

The aim of this study was to develop the production of crossbred pigs suitable to the Korean consumers’demand. Crossbred (Jeju native pig × Landrace) pigs (n=175) at the age of 200 days, approximately classified into three slaughter weight groups (59~95 kg, 96~110 kg and 111~148 kg) were used to investigate the carcass traits and retail cuts characteristics. We have chosen longissimus dorsi, triceps brachii, biceps femoris, semimembranosus muscles, shoulder butt, thoracic vertebra (5-11th) and last thoracic vertebra for investigations of aforementioned parameters. The results showed that the 111~148 kg group had larger loin area, higher scores for meat color, quality and carcass grade than the other remaining groups (p<0.05). Weights of shoulder butt, rib, picnic shoulder, loin, belly, tenderloin, ham retail cuts, lean meat, fat and bone increased with increasing carcass weight (p<0.05). Ratios of shoulder butt, picnic shoulder, tenderloin, ham, lean meat, skin and bone in the 59~95 kg group were higher than that of the other groups (p<0.05). Ratios of belly in the 96~110 kg group were higher than that in the 59~95 kg group (p<0.05) but similar to the ratios of the 111~148 kg group. Total length, longest length and shortest length of belly increased with increasing carcass weight (p<0.05). Additionally, the longest width and shortest width of belly in 59~95 kg group were lower (p<0.05) than that in the other remaining groups. Length of shoulder butt increased with increasing carcass weight (p<0.05) whereas, the width of shoulder butt showed no differences between the groups. Weights of triceps brachii of picnic shoulder, biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles of ham increased with increasing carcass weight (p<0.05). Overall, the crossbred pigs of 111~148 kg group possessed better quality and carcass grade however, the yield of belly in 96~110 kg group was higher than the other groups. Based on the consumption preference of Korean consumers therefore, the slaughter weight of crossbred pigs at ≥96 kg could produce higher economic benefit.

This study was conducted among 120 different breed cows at selected areas of Sirajgonj district from March to July 2010 to compare the reproductive performance of crossbred and Desi cows at farmer’s level. The results showed that the average daily milk yield of Desi, Shahiwal × Desi, Friesian × Desi and Jersey × Desi cows was 2.3 ± 0.2, 4.9 ± 0.9, 6.0 ± 1.0 and 5.7 ± 0.9 liters, respectively. The milk yield of crossbred cows (5.5 ± 0.6 liters/day) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than Desi cows (2.3 ± 0.2 liters/day). The average age at puberty of Shahiwal × Desi, Friesian × Desi and Jersey × Desi was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of Desi breed. The crossbred cows had significantly (p<0.01) lower pubertal age (20.4 ± 1.2) than Desi (25.9 ± 1.1). The age at first calving in Desi cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher (37.6 ± 1.1 months) than crossbred cows (31.2 ± 1.3 months). The average gestation length of Desi, Shahiwal × Desi, Friesian × Desi and Jersey × Desi was 289.9 ± 1.4, 285.0 ± 0.0, 285.0 ± 4.2 and 282.1 ± 2.4 days, respectively. It is suggested that the overall reproductive performance of Friesian × Desi, Jersey × Desi and Shahiwal × Desi cows were better than that of Desi cow.

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원에서 사육중인 제주재래돼지와 랜드레이스의 상호교차교배를 통해 생산된 417두의 F2집단을 대상으로 성장형질(생시체중, 3주령 체중, 10주령 체중, 20주령 체중)을 측정하고, 개체별 혈액으로부터 Illumina Porcine SNP 60k BeadChip을 이용하여 유전자형 분석을 실시하여 성장형질과 유전체 전장의 단일염기다형의 유전자형 간에 연관성을 알아보았다. 단일연기다형의 유전자형 분석은 돼지의 성염색체를 제외한 18개의 상염색체 내에 나타난 52,574개의 SNP표지인자 중다형성이 나타나지 않은 7,564개의 표지인자, 모든 개체에서 이형으로 나타난 47개 표지인자 및 결측률이 10 % 이상인 1,830개의 표지인자가 나타나 분석에 앞서 사전 제거를 실시하였으며, 남은 44,133개의 표지인자를 체중형질과 표지인자간 연관성 분석하는데 이용하였다. 체중에 영향하는 고정효과에 대해 일반선형모형을 설정하여 사전 보정을 실시하였으며, 여기서 얻어진 잔차값을 이용하여 표지인자와 월령별 체중간의 연관성 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 전장의 유전체 정보 중 통계적 판단의 오류를 고려하여 연관성이 강한(p <10-6)표지인자가 생시(BWB), 3주령(BW3), 10주령(BW10) 및 20주령(BW20) 체중에서 각각 657개, 846개, 49개, 122개로 추정되었다. 생시와 3주령 체중에 공통으로 유의적 영향을 하는 표지인자가 286개로 나타났으며, BWB와 BW10에서 5개, BWB와 BW20에서 8개, BW3와 BW10에서 13개, BW3과 BW20에서 11개, BW10과 BW20에서 1개로 나타났다. 또한 염색체별 성장형질에 영향하는 표지인자의 분포를 조사한 결과, 주령별 체중에 영향하는 표지인자는 전장의 유전체에 고르게 분포하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 특히 생시 및 3주령 체중에 영향하는 표지인자는 특정 염색체(SSC9)에서 고도의 통계적 유의차(p <10-15)를 나타내는 유전자 좌위가 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

This study was designed to adopt two estrus synchronization protocols in zebu and crossbred heifers and their effects on pregnancy rate after timed artificial insemination (TAI). A number of 120 cyclic heifers were allotted for two different treatment groups and one control group. Heifers under protocol A were injected with GnRH at first day followed by a single dose of at Day 11 and injection of GnRH at the day of AI; and heifers belonged to protocol B were treated with GnRH, two injections at 11 days apart and injection of GnRH at AI. AI was done at fixed time (within 72~96 hours after injection) in both protocols and pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation on 80~120 days of post AI. In control group; local heifers were conceived higher (30%) proportion than that of crossbred heifers (25%; p<0.05). In protocol A, the local breed were conceived higher (38.9%) proportion compared with crossbred (25%; p<0.05). In protocol B, local breed heifers were conceived higher (38.9%) proportion compared with crossbred heifers (33.3%; p<0.05). The overall pregnancy rate in protocol A and protocol B was 33.3% and 36.6%, respectively. The proportion of pregnancy rate of local heifers (38.9%; Protocol A) was significant (p<0.05) in comparison with local heifers (30%) in control group (p<0.05). The overall pregnancy rate between pooled control group (28.3%) and treatment group (35%) was significantly (p<0.05) differ from each other's. Results of present study concluded that estrus synchronization followed by fixed time AI could be applied for higher pregnancy rate in zebu and crossbred heifers.

본 시험은 흑염소의 효율적인 사양관리체계의 확립에 기여하기 위하여, 재래흑염소 10두(male)와 교잡흑염소(재래흑염소호주야생염소 교잡종; 50:50%) 10두(male)를 공시하여, 시판 배합사료와 조사료를 급여하는 관행사료와 TMR 사료를 각각 급여하였을 때, 흑염소의 사료섭취량, 영양소소화율, 질소축적율 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 실험기간은 사료 적응기간 14일 예비기간 10일을 거친 후, 14일간의 본 실험 기간을 두어 총 38일

This study was conducted to compare the carcass characteristics of native type black pigs (Black pigs) with those of commercial cross bred pigs (Commercial pigs) with the data collected from pig farms. 8364 and 33786 records were collected from Black pigs and the Commercial pigs, respectively. The Commercial pigs were mainly from three breed crosses of Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc. Commercial pig data was subdivided into manual and machine sub data set on the judging method. Black pigs showed lower carcass weight (CWT) and thinner back fat thickness (BFT) than Commercial pigs. However, the ratio of BFT to CWT (BFT/CWT ratio) was higher in Black pigs than Commercial pigs. The carcass grades of Commercial pigs were mostly in A and B, C, and D in descending order, while the grades D or E were observed in most carcass of Black pigs. Barrow tended to be thicker in BFT and higher in BFT/CWT ratio than gilt both in Commercial and Black pigs, and gilt were higher in loin depth (LD) and Estimated Lean Yield Percentage (ELP) which were available only in the data by machine evaluation of Commercial pigs. Residual correlation coefficient (+0.496) between carcass weight and back fat thickness in Black pigs did not differ from those in Commercial pigs which were +0.434 and +0.414 in the data by manual and machine evaluation, respectively. The linear regression coefficients of back fat thickness on carcass weight were +0.364 mm in Black pigs, and +0.257 mm (manual evaluation) and +0.236 (machine evaluation) in Commercial pigs, which suggests relative accumulation rate of BFT to the growth of weight was faster in Black pigs than Commercial pigs.