To determine the bioactive compound of domestic cherry tomato, the levels of lycopene, β-carotene, and phenolic compounds were analyzed in three domestic cherry tomato cultivars (Summerking, Qutiquti, and Minchal) using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The levels of lycopene were 69.40 mg/100 g (Qutiquti), 69.07 mg/100 g (Minichal), and 38.52 mg/100 g (Summerking). The contents of β-carotene were 3.35 mg/100 g (Qutiquti), 2.30 mg/100 g (Summerking), and 2.25 mg/100 g (Minichal). Five phenolic compounds were identified exactly as 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-3-apiosylrutinoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, and naringenin chalcone from three domestic cherry tomatoes. Five phenolic compounds were identified partially as two isomers of caffeic acid-hexose, caffeoylquinic acid isomer, di-caffeoylquinic acid, and tri-caffeoylquinic acid from three domestic cherry tomatoes. Naringenin chalcone was the most abundant phenolic compound, ranging from 78.2 mg/100 g for Qutiquti to 222.9 mg/100 g for Summerking. High levels of quercetin-3-rutinoside and 5-caffeoylquinic acid were found, ranging 24.3-50.8 mg/100 g and 31.8-47.6 mg/100 g, respectively. These results suggested that domestic cherry tomatoes can be used as bioactive food materials.

Since Japonica rice is recognized as the premium rice in some subtropical region such as Philippines, the development of new cultivar adaptable in subtropical region has been conducting. However typical Japonica rice show earlier flowering in subtropical region due to the short day length and high temperature conditions. In such a condition, it is difficult to secure enough yields. Therefore it is need that selection of Japonica cultivar showing suitable heading characters in subtropical region. Here we try to check the basic vegetative phase and heading sensitivity on temperature condition using 37 kinds of Korean cultivars. BVP is between 14 to 39 days and 37% of cultivar had basic vegetative phase between 26 to 30 days. When temperature became lower on sensitive and reproductive stage, heading was more delayed. However the 24oC condition showed the greatest impact on heading delay among temperature condition. Among cultivars, 56% of cultivars have basic vegetative phase over 25days.We checked temperature effect on heading especially sensitivity stage in those materials. Joun, Manho, Joan and Cheonga showed stable heading date under different temperature conditions. With this data, we suggest that Joun, Manho, Joan and Cheonga could be a good cultivar in subtropical region in heading characters.

The properties of rice were studied on five rice cultivars (Ilpumbyeo, Samkwang, Goami-4, Dodamssal, and Thai rice), and employed two kinds of saccharification treatment methods (treatment : rice shape, treatment II: grinding rice shape). Thai rice showed differences in width and length when compared to other cultivars of rice, and the Goami 4 had the lowest thousand-grain weight. The Goami4 and Dodamssal each showed high contents of amylose and resistant starch, and the water absorption rate was close to maximum at 90 minutes as well as the highest level of Goami 4 at all times. The qualities of highest water-binding capacity, solubility and swelling power was most significant in Thai rice. The lowest hardness level of wet rice resulted in the lowest hydration-related characteristics. High amylose content rice, in particular, showed low sugar content and slightly increased sugar content as the saccharification process improved (treatment II). On the other hand, high amylose cultivars had the same high degree of hardness as boiled rice. From these results, the Dodamssal was found to have the lowest viscosity at all temperatures but highest viscosity during the saccharification process, suggesting it may be successfully implemented as a thickener in rice beverage processing. The purpose of this study was to attempt to provide basic data on the development of rice beverage manufacturing technology, based upon the quality characteristics related to beverage processing of rice cultivars.

Development, survival, and reproduction of brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), were studied in laboratory at 25±2°C, 65±5% RH and a 16L : 8D hours photoperiodism on five rice cultivars of: Dongjin 1ho, Chungchungbyeo, Jangseongbyeo, Chinnongbyeo and Jungmo 1045. BPH nymphs successfully survived on all rice cultivars, although survival rate was lowest on Jangseongbyeo (36.0%). Developmental time of immature stages ranged from 11.7±0.59 d on Jungmo 1045 to 12.8±0.59 d on Chinnongbyeo. Reproductive period and female longevity were longest on Dongjin 1ho, Chinnongbyeo and Jungmo 1045 while highest fecundity of N. lugens being observed on these three rice cultivars. Highest and lowest net reproductive rates were calculated on rice cultivars, Jungmo 1045 and Jangseongbyeo, respectively. Mean generation time was the longest on rice cultivar Dongjin 1ho. Respective descending order of intrinsic rates of population increase were on Jungmo 1045, Chinnongbyeo, Dongjin 1ho, Chungchungbyeo and Jangseongbyeo. These population parameters showed that N. lugens can successfully survive and reproduce on Chinnongbyeo and Jungmo 1045.

최근 국내에서 육성된 딸기 신품종 ‘베리스타’와 ‘죽향’ 의 수경재배 시 생육 단계별 적정한 양액 농도가 품질과 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 길이 40m, 폭 10m의 플라스틱 온실내에 높이 1m, 폭 33cm의 수경재배용 베드를 설치하고 원예용 상토를 충진한 후 ‘설향’, ‘베리스타’, ‘죽향’ 묘를 정식 하였다. 배양액은 네덜란드 PBG 배양액을 사용하였으며, 생육 단계를 생육초기-개화기-수확초기-수확후기로 나누어 처리 2는 ‘설향’ 기준 급액 농도 EC 0.68-1.0-1.2- 1.0dS·m-1, 처리 1은 30% 낮은 농도인 EC 0.68-0.8- 0.85-0.7dS·m-1, 처리 3은 30% 높은 농도인 EC 0.68- 1.2-1.55-1.3dS·m-1으로 급액 하였다. 재배기간 동안 딸기 품종별 생육과 수량 등을 조사하였다. ‘베리스타’는 2번 처리구와 3번 처리구 간의 지상부 생육에 차이가 없었으며, ‘베리스타’와 ‘죽향’ 모두 양액 농도가 높을수록 엽색이 짙었으나 양자 효율은 차이가 나지 않았다. ‘죽향’은 급액농도에 따라 3월 이후 생육 후기에 생육 차이가 뚜렷하였고, 3번 처리구에서 가장 생육이 왕성하였다. ‘베리스타’와 ‘죽향’ 모두 과중, 과장, 과폭 및 과실 경도 가 3번 처리구에서 유의하게 높은 값을 나타냈다. 수확과의 총 당 함량은 처리 간에 차이가 없었으나 환원당 과 비환원당의 조성 비율은 처리별로 다르게 나타났다. 수량을 조사한 결과, ‘베리스타’는 급액 농도가 높아질수록 수확과의 수가 많았으나 수량은 처리별로 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 반면, ‘죽향’은 급액농도 간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며, 3번 처리구에서 가장 수확량이 많았다. 생육 특성과 과실 품질을 종합적으로 고려해 본 결과, ‘베리스타’는 ‘설향’ 표준 급액농도와 동일하게 EC 0.68- 1.0-1.2-1.0dS·m-1로 관리하는 것이 경제적이며, ‘죽향’은 ‘설향’ 기준 급액농도보다 30% 높은 EC 0.68-1.2-1.55- 1.3dS·m-1로 공급해 주는 것이 고품질의 과실을 많이 수확할 수 있는 방법으로 판단된다.

This study was carried out to obtain the basic quality characteristics, like moisture contents, hunter color value, total polyphenol, starch, amylose, and ash contents and pasting characteristics of sweet potato cultivars according to storage periods. Moisture contents of all the varieties decreased with long storage period, and were lower in dry type than tender and moist type sweet potato. Lightness(L value) of sweet potato flesh was decreased in Shinyulmi, Daeyumi, Shinhwangmi but other seven cultivars showed increasing trend. Redness(a value) was increased in Sinyulmi, Sinhwangmi, Sinjami and yellowness (b value) increased in Yeonjami only. The total polyphenol contents increased in Dahomi, Sinjami up to 4 months of storage and all other varieties showed decrease during storage period. The starch contents also decreased with storage period. The amylose contents showed different by the cultivars. The ash contents in all varieties ranged from 1.1 to 1.7%, and there was no difference among varieties and storage periods. There was no change in pasting temperature during storage periods. Peak viscosity, through viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity were different according to storage periods and cultivars. But setback tended to increase in all cultivars.

This study was conducted to investigate the proximate composition, free sugars, amino acids, and minerals in five Lentinula edodes cultivars collected in Korea. No significant differences in the content of crude fat and crude fiber were found between the samples; however, there was significant variation in the contents of nitrogen free extract, ash, and crude protein. Three kinds of free sugars (fucose, arabinose, and glucose) were identified by HPLC, with the glucose content ranging from 5.94% to 12.08%. Sixteen kinds of free amino acids were identified: the highest content of amino acids was found in ‘Sanlim5ho’ (13,768.33 mg%), while the highest content of free amino acids was found in ‘Sanlim4ho’ (6,790.57 mg%). The minerals detected in the L. edodes cultivars were potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, the contents of which ranged from 567.16–2,356.09 mg%, 3.85–7.42 mg%, 9.79–20.88 mg%, and 19.60–22.62 mg%, respectively.

국내 육성 안개초 신품종 ‘Dream Song’과 ‘Pearl Stars’의 평 야지 농가 현장 보급 확대를 위한 가을∼초겨울 절화 생산작 형 개발을 목적으로 여름철 정식시기에 따른 개화시기 및 절 화 생산성을 조사하였다. 정식에서 개화까지의 소요일수는 두 품종 모두 6월 30일 정식이 다른 정식시기보다 짧았으며, ‘Pearl Stars’가 ‘Dream Song’보다 2∼6일 더 길었다. 화경장, 측지수, 분지수 및 줄기 굵기는 두 품종 모두 정식시기가 늦을 수록 증가하는 경향이었으며, 특히 화경장은 ‘Pearl Stars’가 ‘Dream Song’보다 더 길었다. ‘Dream Song’은 정식시기가 늦 을수록 절화장, 절화중이 증가하고 소화가 커졌으며 절화량도 증가하여 7월 15일 이후 정식에서 절화품질이 우수하고 생산 성이 향상되었다. ‘Pearl Stars’도 ‘Dream Song’과 마찬가지로 정식시기가 늦을수록 절화장이 길고 소화가 커졌으며 절화 생 산량은 증가하다가 7월 30일 정식에서 감소하였다. 따라서 ‘Dream Song’은 7월 15일부터 7월 30일 이내에 정식하여 10 월∼12월 상순 절화 생산에, ‘Pearl Stars’는 6월 30일부터 7월 15일 전후에 정식하여 9월∼11월 절화 생산 작형에 적합할 것 으로 생각된다.

Palatability and texture analysis of nine Korean rice cultivars were investigated to select the most appropriate rice variety for the cooked-rice processing. The rice cultivars studied consisted of Samkwang, Seonpum, Wolbaek, Andabyeo, Dasan-1, Ilpum, Haiami, Jungsanggold and Chindle. They revealed the moisture, protein, amylose and starch contents of 10~12, 5~6, 12~19, and approximately 90%, respectively. Among the evaluated rice varieties, WB exhibited the lowest amylose content (12.7%) and Jungsanggold the next (17.2%). In the rapid-visco analyzer test, Jungsanggold, Chindle, Wolbaek and Seonpum revealed a low value of final and setback viscosities than other varieties. Using a toyo meter analyzer, Chindle, Haiami, Samkwang were selected as having high toyo palatability values, while Dasan-1, Wolbaek and Andabyeo revealed low values. Toughness and adhesiveness of all nine cooked rice varieties were highest in Jungsanggold, Chindle and Ilpum. Also, palatability of cooked rice was highest in the following order: Chindle (80.03) > Samkwang (76.21) > Jungsanggold (74.08). The results of this study suggest that Chindle may be effectively used to produce processed cooked rice.

A. auricular-judae cultivars, ‘Yong-a’ was cultivated in JARES on 2015. Ear mushroom have been consumed the form of dried mushrooms imported from china, but the production and consumption of domestic ear mushroom have been increasing recently. However, how the different drying methods affect the quality of domestic varieties is not clear. Therefore, we examined the effects of drying methods to improve the competitiveness of dried ear mushrooms using domestic cultivar, ‘Yong-a’. Ear mushroom samples were dried using sun-drying and hot air drying(50, 60°C) and combined of two methods(hot air drying at 50, 60°C after 3,6 and 9 hours sun drying) and drying time, rehydration ratio, color and hardness, vitamin D2 contents were evaluated. Drying time was the fastest at 60°C hot air drying(11.5h) and the slowest at 50°C hot air drying(16h) and drying time was shorter as the sun drying time was longer. The rehydration ratio was the highest at 60°C hot air drying(18.6%) and increased as the drying time decreased. After drying and rehydration, the color showed no significant difference between drying methods. The hardness of rehydrated mushroom was highest at sun drying and 60°C hot air drying. The contents of ergosterol were not significantly different by drying methods. However, vitamin D2 was lowest at 50 °C and 60°C hot air drying (4.22mg%, 3.87mg%) and highest at sun drying and 50°C hot air drying after 6 hours sun drying (12.52mg%, 12.99mg%). vitamin D2 contents was higher at 50°C hot air drying than 60°C. According to the results of color, hardness, vitamin D2 contents of dried ear mushroom, sun drying is the best method. When the sun drying is not possible, hot air drying at 60°C is suitable, but it is better to use sun drying method to increase the vitamin D2 contents.

A. bisporus is the fifth most cultivated mushroom in Korea, and approximately 10,757 tons were cultivated in 2015. The genetic diversity of collected strains in Korea and commercial cultivars was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR markers known to be comparable among A. bisporus spp. were selected from various markers. Totally, 16 markers, namely the ISSR markers 807, 808, 810, 811, 834, 835, 836, 841, 842, P3, P8, P17, P22, P30, P38, and P39, were evaluated to discriminate between ASI 1110, 1114, 1115, 1238, 1246, 1365, 1366, and 1369 for selecting suitable markers in 16 markers. The ISSR markers P31, P38 and P39 exhibited various fingerprints that could help classify the strains in species. Using the three markers, genetic relationships among 39 strains, including commercial cultivars, such as SaeA and SaeYeon, were analyzed using the UPGMA method. The results of the analysis of the genetic relationships between commercial cultivars and collected strains in Korea confirmed that the commercial cultivars were different from the collected strains in Korea. These results suggested that the ISSR markers P31, P38, and P30 could be used for selecting the commercial cultivars of A. bisporus.

The properties of rice were studied, and 8 rice flour cultivars were used to study the effect of particle size on the physicochemical properties, color value, RVA viscosities, water absorption index (WAI), and water solubility index (WSI) of rice flours. The mean particle size by the 3 particle size classification of 150 mesh, 200 mesh, and 250 mesh was, 90.75 μm, 60.73 μm, 39.94 μm, respectively. Thai rice had the highest amylose content and Samkwang rice had the lowest amylose content. Protein content of rice flours prepared was decreased as the particle size of rice flour decreased. In terms of color values, the L-value and the a-value of rice flour were increased as the particle size of rice flours decreased, while the b-value was decreased as the particle size of rice flours decreased. Using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA), the initial pasting temperature of Thai rice cultivar was found to be the highest; the peak viscosities of Sunpum cultivar and Misomi cultivar, and Samkwang rice were higher than those of other rice flours. The water absorption index and water solubility index were increased as the particle size of rice flour decreased. In order to use processed rice flour for the development of processed foods, proper characteristics of the cultivars and particle size should be considered.

The aim of this study was to analyze the functional components of five cultivars of ‘Mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.)’ for the development of ‘Mugunghwa’-added foods. There were five varieties, namely, Hibiscus syriacus ‘Hwanhee’ (HH), Hibiscus syriacus ‘Samchulli’ (SC), Hibiscus syriacus ‘Harmony’ (HM), Hibiscus syriacus ‘Baekgu’ (BG), and Hibiscus sabdariffa L (HB). Of the five varieties tested, HH extract showed the highest total phenolic content (131.85 GAE mg/g), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (95.18%), and anthocyanin and sugar contents. The sensory quality of powders from each Hibiscus variety was evaluated, and it was found that overall palatability decreased in the order: HH, SC, HB, HM, and BG. Thus, addition of Hibiscus variety, which has excellent functionality and palatability, to foods confers an extra element of Korean history and culture, which is expected to improve the marketability of various food products.

This study investigated the comparative growth characteristics, yield, chemical compositions, and nutritive yield of Italian ryegrass cultivars harvested in a paddy field. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replicates. The treatments consisted of seven Italian ryegrass cultivars (Kogreen, Kowinmaster, Hwasan 101, Kowinnearly, Kospeed, Sahalie select, and Strike). The planting date was October 21, 2009 and the sample harvest was occurred on May 21, 2010. Dry matter yield was higher in Kowinnerary and Kogreen than in the other varieties (p<0.05). Crude protein and ether extract contents were highest in Hwasan 101 and lowest in Kospeed. The content of total digestible nutrients did not differ among the Italian ryegrass varieties. The amino acid contents were in the order Hwasan 101 > Strike > Kowinnearly > Kogreen > Sahalie select > Kospeed > Kowinnearly (p<0.05). Fructose content was highest in Kospeed, while glucose and sucrose contents were highest in Hwasan 101. The results of this study indicate that Kowinnearly, in terms of dry matter yield, and Hwasan 101, in terms of feed value (chemical composition and free sugar content), may be recommended for forage production in a paddy field.

This study was conducted to find out the effects of over seeding using new grass varieties orchardgrass ‘Kordione’ and ‘Onnuri’, and tall fescue ‘Greenmaster’ on botanical composition and dry matter productivity from 2013 to 2016 in low productivity hilly pasture, middle area of Korea. There were used 3 grass seed mixture types made of different compositions and amounts {T1: control - no over seeding, T2: tall fescue (TF) ‘Greenmaster’ 18 kg ha-1, orchardgrass (OG) ‘Kordione’ 9 kg ha-1, Perennial ryegrass (PRG) ‘Linn’ 5 kg ha-1, and Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) ‘Kenblue’ 2 kg ha-1, T3: TF ‘Greenmaster’ 9 kg ha-1, OG ‘Kordione’ 18 kg ha-1, PRG ‘Linn’ 5 kg ha-1, and KBG ‘ Kenblue’ 2 kg ha-1, T4: TF ‘Greenmaster’ 9 kg ha-1, OG ‘Onnuri’ 18 kg ha-1, PRG ‘Linn’ 5 kg ha-1, and KBG ‘Kenblue’ 2 kg ha-1}. In the botanical composition of grassland, T1 nearly remained constant in other seasons while ratio of weeds were increased in summer season. T2 was better than control (T1) in portion of grass ratio, which has increased by 80%. In the early time of establishment, the portions of OG were increased in T2, but TF rate was increased after 3 years later when grass was established. T3 and T4 showed a very similar patterns, grass ratio had increased by 80% and the portion of KBG had increased as time passed. T2 (129,763 kg ha-1) was showed the highest dry matter yield than other treatments (T1: 6,756 kg ha-1, T3: 9641, and T4: 10,738) in 2016.

Molecular markers were crucial role in understanding and using genomic information for marker-assisted breeding, mapping genes of interest and cloning genes. Among the molecular markers, Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) has became increasingly important marker due to their co-dominant and high polymorphic nature and abundant distribution throughout the genome. Simple sequence repeats (SSR), also called “microsatellites” consist of tandemly repeated short DNA sequence motifs and have applied in various marker-based studies. SSRs were isolated and characterized from “Heuktari” and “Miso”, which are one of the major oyster mushroom cultivars in Korea by the genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The genome sizes of “Heuktari” were 40.8 Mb and “Miso” were estimated to be 40.3 Mb, which were larger than the other P.ostreatus species (PC9 and PC10) and less than P.eryngii (KNR2312 P5). A total of 949 and 968 SSRs were found in the “Heuktari” and “Miso” genomes, respectively. A comparative analysis of five mushrooms including P.ostreatus var. florida (PC9 and PC15), P.eryngii, revealed that SSR numbers from “Heuktari” and “Miso” were the highest among them. Studied all mushrooms showed similar pattern of SSR distributions. Tri-, hexa- and octanucleotide motifs accounted for the top three fractions of all SSRs. This study are useful in understanding the P.ostreatus.[Supported by a grant from the IPET (213007-05-1-SBI30), MIFAFF, Republic of Korea.]

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of harvesting time of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam; IRG) in spring on dry matter (DM) yield. IRG cultivars ‘Kowinearly’ and ‘Greenfarm’ were seeded at 50 kg/ha and grown on rice paddy fields. There was no difference in growth characteristics between both varieties before winter. However, cold tolerance of Kowinearly was higher than that of Greenfarm, as demonstrated by post-wintering growth characteristics. The heading date of both varieties was affected by the spring weather. The IRG was harvested three times at 5-day intervals beginning from 9 May. The DM yield of Greenfarm was 6,306; 7,335; and 8,109 kg/ha, and that of Kowinearly was 7,498; 9,196; and 10,449 kg/ha at the three consecutive harvests. The delay of the harvesting time for 5 and 10 days increased the DM yield of Greenfarm by 16% and 29% and that of Kowinearly by 23% and 39%, respectively, compared to the yield at first harvest (p < 0.05). Therefore, IRG harvest later than early to mid-May is expected to increase productivity. The feed values of Greenfarm were: 12.2% of crude protein (CP), 34.5% of acid detergent fiber (ADF), 57.7% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 61.6% of total digestible nutrients (TDN), and 72.3% of in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD). For Kowinearly, these values were 16.4% of CP, 30.4% of ADF, 52.7% of NDF, 64.9% of TDN and 79.0% of IVDMD.