Repetitive applications of drugs to tumor tissues and animals induced resistance and/or tolerances which caused severe problem in agriculture and medicine. However, we still do not clearly understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying development of resistance and tolerance to chemicals. Drosophila is one of the most widely used model for studying fundamental phenomena in sciences using its available genetic and genomic resources. To investigate unknown molecular and cellular basis of drug resistance development, we applied Drosophila with two different concentrations of a chemical after treating them with Ethyl methanesulfonate mutatgenesis. We found that flies treating with two different concentration of chemicals showed different susceptibility to a chemical. We have established two different lines showing different susceptibility to a chemical. We will use these lines to compare any differences in mRNA expression profiling and enzyme activities. (This work was supported by project title: Investigation on cross drug resistance mechanisms using Drosophila as a model (PJ010821032016) from Rural Development Administration).

High-resolution magnetic resonance (HR-MR) imaging in intracranial atherosclerotic disease poses a greater challenge in the neurologic fields. Because a high in-plane resolution and a high signal-to-noise ratio are required for vessel wall imaging. HR-MR can depict the morphologies of atherosclerotic plaques, arterial walls, and surrounding structures in the intracranial and cervical carotid arteries. HR-MR also can be observed with traditional luminal evaluation. Differentiating vulnerable from stable plaques and characterizing atherosclerotic plaques are vital parts of the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of stroke with atherosclerosis. HR-MR is the most important and popular vessel wall imaging technique for directly evaluating the vascular wall and intracranial artery disease. Intracranial artery atherosclerosis, dissection, moyamoya disease, vasculitis, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome also can be diagnosed and differentiated by using HR-MR. Here, we review the radiologic features of intracranial artery disease and vertebral artery dissection on HR-MR.

The oriental melon (C. melo var. makuwa), called ‘Chamoe’ in Korean, is a popular fruit crop cultivated mainly in Asia and a high–market value crop in Korea. To provide a genomic resource as a reference genome for the Cucurbitaceae crop improvement, we performed whole genome sequencing of Korean landrace, Gotgam chamoe. We used Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform to generate 89 Gb (205X) of paired and mate pair sequence reads. The pre-processed reads were de novo assembled resulting in 4,764 scaffolds with a N50 scaffold length of 249kb. This assembly represented 379.8Mb which was 84.7% of the 448Mb of the whole genome. The assembled draft was predicted 26,634 genes of which 80% were predicted by known protein or C. melo unigene homology. Approximately 20% of predicted genes were hypothetical. A total of 1,885 non-coding RNA was detected including rRNA. The transposable elements were accounted for 21% (71.6Mb) of the total assembly. All the marker candidates including SSR, INDEL, SNP were mined and presented. The draft genome will provide a useful platform for genomic research and improvement for Cucurbitacea crops.

As sessile organisms, plants have evolved mechanisms that allow them to adapt and survive periods of various environmental stresses including high salinity and drought. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an integral player in plant response and adaptation to various abiotic stresses. Understanding UPS function has centered mainly on defining the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are the substrate-recruiting component of the ubiquitination pathway. Here, we report on Ring finger E3 ligase, Oryza sativa salt- and drought-induced RING finger protein1 gene (OsSDRFP1) in defense responses to osmotic stresses. Results of qRT-PCR and In vitro ubiquitination assay demonstrated that OsSDRFP1 act as an E3 ligase in response to salt and drought stresses. in this study, Subcellular localizations showed that the OsSDRFP1 was observed in cytosol (66%) and nucleus (34%) under non-treated conditions. However, the florescence signals of rice protoplasts after salt treatments detected in nucleus (60%) higher than in cytosol (30%). The Arabidopsis plants overexpressing OsSDRFP1 clearly exhibited hypersensitive responses to salt stress. whereas, OsSDRFP1-overexpressing plants were more tolerant to both drought- and ABA-stresses than the wild-type plants. These results might suggest that OsSDRFP1 has a dual function as a regulator of high salt- and drought-stresses.

Multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection is extremely rare. There are no guidelines regarding optimal treatment of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. The treatment depends on clinical symptoms, extent and location of the dissection, and the hemodynamic status of the patient. Although percutaneous coronary intervention might be required for all of the dissecting arteries, this case demonstrated the importance of an appropriate selection of treatment modalities for spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Rice is a staple food for over one-half of the world population, especially in Asian countries. Recently, the growth and yield of crop plants was affected by various abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, and high temperature due to change of climate environment. To study molecular functions of Oryza sativa nuclear-targeted RING Finger Proteins (OsNRFPs) in response to abiotic stresses, we selected 44 OsNRFPs genes, whose subcelluar localizations are predicted to the nucluear, on the basis of expression patterns of a microarray dataset. A total of 44 OsNRFPs were grouped into two types such as RING-HC and RING-H2 via phylogeneitc analysis of their RING domains structures. Subsequently, we surveyed the expression patterns of 44 genes in response to salt stress via qRT-PCR in roots. We found 10 salt stress-induced OsNRFPs and then examined their subcellular localizations. These genes were clearly localized to the nucleus (OsNRFPHC-10), cytoplasm (OsNRFPHC-17 and OsNRFPH2-16) and microtuble (OsNRFPHC-23, OsNRFPH2-17 and OsNRFPH2-05), respectively. These results might provide a key clue for understanding moleuclar functions of the OsNRFP genes associated with salt stress-related signaling pathway

Spontaneous resolution of aortic dissection is extremely rare and only a few cases have reported. We report on the case of an elderly man who presented with DeBakey type III aortic dissection, which was resolved spontaneously over two years after antihypertensive treatment. We also discuss the possible mechanism and the role of conservative management.

Heading date in rice is a complex trait that is governed by multiple genes and environmental factors, such as day-length, temperature, and soil conditions. The genetic studies using DNA markers have facilitated the genetic dissection of heading date and many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heading date have been identified using several mapping population. In a previous study, a new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heading date have been identified using several mapping population. In a previous study, a new for heading date was detected near SSR marker RM215 on chromosome 9 using an advanced backcross line, WH29001, developed by introgressing chromosomal segments from an accession of Oryzaminuta (2n=48, BBCC, Acc. No.101141)into the O. sativa subsp. japonica cv. Hwaseongbyeo. The O. minuta allele of QTL contributed to an increase in heading date. To clarify whether dth9 could be dissected genetically, a high-resolution linkage mapping of dth9 was performed using alarge F2 population derived form the cross between one F4 plant which was homozygous for O.minuta in the target region RM5661-RM215 on chromosome9 and Hwaseongbyeo. Days to heading in the F2 population showed continuous variation rang form 102 to 113 days. The dth9 QTL further narrowed down at the interval between the SSR marker RM1553 and RM215 which was approximately 403kb in length based on the physical map of the region. The QTL for heading date(dth9) had not been detected in previous QTL studies between Oryza cultivars, indicating the existence of potentially novel alleles from O. minuta.