한국어는 ‘-이-, -히-, -리-, -기-’ 등과 같은 접미사가 첨가되어 흔 히 단일 피동문을 형성하는데 ‘-어지-’를 가하여 이중피동이라고 칭하고 구성된 것이다. 이 연구는 ‘피동접미사 + -어지-’ 구성을 대상으로 삼아, 이의 실제 언어 현실에서 구어로 많이 사용되는 양상과 통사 및 의미 특 징을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로, ‘피동접미사 + -어지-’ 구 성에서 ‘-이/히/리/기-’와 ‘-어지-’가 함께 사용될 때, ‘-이/히/리/기-’ 가 피동의 의미를 유지하면서 ‘-어지-’의 피동 의미가 약해지고 다른 의 미가 발생한다는 주장을 제시한다. 연구 방법론은 국립국어원의 일상 대 화 말뭉치 2020(버전 1.1)을 중심으로 자료를 수집하고, 필요에 따라 인 터넷 자료를 보완적으로 활용한다. 이를 통해 ‘피동접미사 + -어지-’ 구 성의 양상을 추출하고, 다음으로는 통사적 특징을 서술어 제약, 시제나 양태를 나타내는 어미 제약, 보조용언 제약, 부정문 제약으로 구분하여 논의한다. 마지막으로, ‘피동접미사 + -어지-’ 구성의 의미 특징을 검토 하면서 ‘-어지-’의 의미는 ‘동작의 진행’을 강조하는 강조법과 ‘능력’이나 ‘무의도’의 양태 의미로 분석한다. ‘피동접미사 + -어지-’ 구성의 사용이 점차 늘어가고 있는 추세에서 보면 본 연구가 이 구성이 문법적인 표현으로 인정하는 것을 힘써서 일반적인 언어 변화의 양상을 고찰한 의의가 있다.

This study aimed to determine the optimal planting density for sesame cultivation in a double cropping system after harvesting onion and garlic in the Muan region. It compared the growth, yield, disease susceptibility, and labor hours for two varieties of sesame (Landrace and Geonbaek sesame) at different planting densities. Plant height in the Landrace sesame showed no significant variation with different planting densities, whereas Geonbaek sesame increased in height with higher planting densities. Both cultivars increased the number of viable branches at lower densities. The stem diameter was thicker in Landrace sesame with decreasing planting density, while in the Geonbaek sesame, there was no significant difference in stem diameter regardless of planting density. The number of capsules per plant for the Landrace sesame increased with decreasing density, whereas Geonbaek sesame showed no significant difference. Yield for both cultivars was higher at greater densities. However, the late direct sowing time and shorter cultivation period significantly reduced the yield of sesame cultivated in a double cropping system compared to that of sesame grown in a single cropping system, due to the late direct sowing time and shorter cultivation period. There was no significant difference in disease occurrence based on planting density. Furthermore, although labor hours did not vary with planting density when comparing the labor hours required for cultivating the Landrace sesame and Geonbaek sesame, the latter needed less labor time. This study reveals the optimum planting distance and density for sesame cultivation as a double cropping after harvesting onion and garlic, providing invaluable data for establishing sesame double cropping cultivation techniques.

Animal experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of fermented rice germ and soybean extracts in lowering blood alcohol concentration. A compound primarily derived from fermented soybean extract constitutes the principal component of DA-5521, an experimental dietary substance examined in this study. We investigated the possible hangover-alleviating effects of DA-5521 in individuals aged 19 to 50 who had previously experienced hangovers. Moreover, we enrolled 22 participants who met the eligibility criteria and conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Six hours after alcohol consumption, the test group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in blood acetaldehyde concentration compared with the placebo group. Further, our results displayed significantly lower levels in the DA- 5521 group at 0.50 and 0.75 h post-ingestion and substantially lower peak breath alcohol concentration compared to the placebo group. These findings confirm that consumption of DA-5521 can significantly ameliorate hangover symptoms by diminishing blood acetaldehyde concentration and reduce breath alcohol concentration.

농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서는 2021년 분홍색계 소 형 호접란 ‘Arihong’을 육성하였다. 2014년 밝은 분홍색 소형 품종 Phalaenopsis ‘Wedding’와 백색 바탕에 분홍빛을 가지는 소형종 P. ‘[{KT1398-1×(KM-6)-4}×Chiangbeauty-88]-23’ 를 모본과 부본으로 교배하였다. 2018년 실생 120개체 중 잎자세, 화색, 화형, 꽃대수 등 특성이 우수한 ‘14104-1’ 개체를 선발하여 기내 화경배양을 통해 증식하였다. 2018년부터 2021년에까지 1차, 2차특성검정을 통해 품종의 안정성과 균일성을 확인한 후 ‘Arihong’로 명명하였다. 이 품종은 백색(WG155B) 바탕에 중앙 에는 보라빛 분홍색(PVG80B)을 띄며, 진한 자주색(PG78A) 순판 을 가지는 것이 특징이다. 꽃대가 2대씩 발생하고 꽃대 길이는 평균 42.1cm 소형 분화로 적절한 크기를 가지고 있다. 평피기 형태의 꽃은 길이와 폭이 각각 5.1, 5.7cm이며, 분지가 발생하여 1개의 꽃대에 13.0개의 소화가 착생한다. ‘Arihong’의 잎은 수평으로 자라며 길이와 폭이 각각 13.0cm, 4.9cm였다. 또한 초세가 우수하고 생육 속도가 빨라 엽수 확보가 용이한 특성을 보였다.

The heat transfer characteristics of double-pipe spiral heat exchanger were investigated by various curvature sizes, experimentally. The three different sizes of heat exchanger were made and tested with water as a working fluid to analyze the heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer rates, overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were analyzed with various heat exchanger sizes (i.e., curvature ratios). As result, the heat transfer rate increased with increasing the size of the heat exchanger as the flow rate increased due to increasing the area size of heat transfer. However, the overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increased with decreasing the heat exchanger size (i.e., increased curvature ratio) due to the enhanced centrifugal force and inertia.

‘를’ 중출문 구조는 한국어에 존재하는 특색 있는 일종의 언어 구조 형 식이다. 본고는 ‘를’의 통사·의미론적 기능과 화용론적 기능을 고찰함으 로써 ‘를’의 기능을 밝히고 그 역할을 정립하며 ‘를’ 중출문의 원인을 살 펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 본고에서 ‘를’ 중출문의 유형은 박성미(2014)가 분류한 유형을 기준으로 삼고 동족목적어 중출문을 보충해서 각 중출문 의 원인에 대해서 분석했다. 본고의 논의는 기존에 ‘를’을 격조사로 볼 것인지, 보조사로 볼 것인지에 대한 이분법적 논의에 시사하는 바가 크 다. 격조사 ‘를’과 보조사 ‘를’은 상호 배타적인 것이 아니며, 보조사 ‘를’ 의 의미는 격조사 ‘를’이 갖는 담화 층위의 초점 의미와 다르지 않다는 점이 그것이다. 나아가 본고의 논의는 ‘를’이 격조사의 기능을 하되 때에 따라 ‘강조’ 의미의 보조사적 쓰임도 있다는 다의어적 입장을 뒷받침해 줄 수 있다고 본다. 본고는 ‘를’의 대격 조사로서의 역할 및 초점 표지로 서의 역할을 정립할 수 있었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

With the development of the national economy, the cultivation of technical talents is urg ent. As the largest economical province in China, the government of Guangdong Province needs to quickly enhance the rationality, effectiveness, and practicality of policies, fully leve rage the mediating, guiding, and promoting role of policy tools. This research from a new perspective to analyze current research focus, which can provide some reference for impro ving region vocational education policies. This research adopted a qualitative research method to analyze the text of college-enter prise cooperation policies in Guangdong Province under the background of the “Double Hi gh Program”, based on the perspective of McDonnell & Elmore policy tools, constructed a n analytical framework model, formed “X-axis” policy tools and “Y-axis” talent cultivation m odel elements, used WPS software to fully collect effective policy texts, and rigorously enc oded and analyzed policy texts with the NVivo12Plus software. Through the previous researches and the key words frequency analysis of policy texts, w hich can clarify the research focus of Guangdong Province's college-enterprise cooperation policy under the background of the “Double High Program”. By analyzing the proportion o f policy tools and the proportion of talent cultivation model elements, it can reveal the fra mework, characteristics, and challenges of current policies. From three dimensions analysis: policy content, policy tools and talent cultivation model elements, it can achieve conclusio n, suggestions and future approaches for current policies. The distribution of the five policy tools for college-enterprise cooperation policy in Guan gdong Province is not balanced, indicating that the current policies need to adjust the poli cy tool proportion in a timely manner, enhance rationality and effectiveness. From the freq uency of appearance of talent cultivation model elements, the proportion of mode element s is the highest, while the proportion of concept elements is the lowest. Therefore, in futu re policy formulation, it is necessary to increase the proportion of concept elements, instill correct values, optimize talent cultivation model, and enhance the practicality of policies.

This study investigates the influence of the type of lipid phase (corn oil [CO], palm oil [PO], MCT oil [MO], lemon oil [LO]) on the physical characteristics and bioactive peptide (BP) encapsulation in food-grade water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions. The stabilities of the double emulsions were analyzed for droplet size characteristics, viscosity, dynamic rheological properties, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and release rate of BP (at different temperatures: 4, 25, 37, and 60oC) for 28 days. The encapsulated BP acts as an active substance in the osmotic balance and destabilization of the double emulsion system. For the effect of the oil phase, double emulsions prepared with PO showed the best droplet stability without phase separation (D50 < 1 m) and high BP retention (EE > 60%). In the release rate at high temperatures (60oC), the BP released from double emulsions was in the order of MO > CO > LO > PO over time. In contrast, the BP release from double emulsions at low temperatures (< 37oC) had no difference depending on the oil type. Therefore, the information obtained from this work is useful for preparing stable, functional food or cosmetic products from double emulsions using a BP.

Radioactive iodine released from nuclear power plants has been recognized to pose significant risks and environmental hazards. In response to these challenges, extensive investigations into iodine sorbents have been conducted with a particular focus on the utilization of layered double hydroxides (LDH) as a promising candidate. Herein, we have focused on the investigation of LDH materials featuring diverse transition metals for their synthesis, with specific emphasis on CoAl LDH for its proficiency in removing iodine species, particularly IO3 –. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the removal mechanisms employed by these LDH materials remained elusive. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to elucidate the intricacies of the removal mechanisms through sorption tests, spectroscopic techniques, and theoretical chemistry analyses, subsequently contrasting the experimental outcomes with computational results. For the experimental facet, the synthesis of CoAl LDH was conducted utilizing 0.15 mol L−1 of Co(NO3)2⋅6H2O and 0.06 mol L−1 of Al(NO3)3⋅9H2O to attain a molar ratio (M2+:M3+) of 2.5:1. Subsequently, pH-dependent IO3 – sorption tests were carried out, coupled with X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, facilitating the elucidation and discourse of the removal mechanism. The theoretical chemistry in this research harnessed ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations for structural modeling, atomic density profiles, radial distribution function, analysis of oxide species, and MD-EXAFS spectrum analysis. In summary, this study aims to elucidate iodine removal mechanisms using diverse experimental results, culminating in the revelation that ion-exchange with NO3 – present in the interlayer predominates as the principal mechanism for IO3 – removal. Notably, a distinct spectral feature at approximately 33,190 eV emerged, defying identification through XANES and EXAFS analyses conducted under experimental conditions. In the AIMD simulations, meticulous scrutiny of individual iodine atoms uncovered the prevalence of I−O and I−O−H molecular species, marked by interactions between O and H atoms, with a coordination number of I−O = ~3. This transformation was primarily instigated by proton hopping. As a result, the comparative investigation reveals the dominance of IO3 – intercalation in the CoAl LDH material with the potential to undergo a transformation to the I−O−H molecule upon interaction with protons.

As the decommissioning of domestic nuclear power plants (Gori Unit 1 and Wolseong Unit 1) becomes more visible, many research projects are being conducted to safely and economically decommissioning of domestic nuclear power plants (NPPs). After permanent shutdown, decommissioning of NNPs proceeds through decontamination, cutting of main equipment, waste disposal and site restoration stages. And various technologies are applied at each stage. In particular, remote cutting of neutron induced structures (RV, RVI, etc.) is a technology used in developed countries in the cutting stage, and remote cutting has been evaluated as a core technology for minimizing workers’ radiation exposure. Generally, remote cutting technologies are divided into mechanical/thermal/electrical cutting. Among various thermal cutting technologies, plasma arc cutting (PAC) is more economical and easily to remote control than other cutting technologies, and is also effective in cutting STS304 plates. PAC is a thermal cutting technology that melts the base material at the cutting area with a plasma arc heat source and removes melted material by blowing it out with cutting gas. The cutting quality depends on the stand-off distance and power (current), material thickness, cutting speed, etc., while double arcing will occur if the cutting conditions are not suitable. A monitoring system that can confirm double arcing during remote cutting is necessary because double arcing can reduce cutting quality, increase secondary waste (increase kerf and aerosol), and cause non-cutting. In this study, we used an ultrahigh-speed camera equipped with a band-pass filter to capture clear arc shapes, and measured voltage waveforms with a data acquisition system. We studied a monitoring method that can confirm the occurrence of double arcing by synchronizing the obtained arc shape and voltage waveform, and the effects of double arcing on the STS304 plates. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in the development of the remote cutting process using plasma arc cutting when decommissioning of domestic NPPs.

Since the first operation of the Gori No. 1 nuclear power plant in Korea was started to operate in 1978, currently 24 nuclear power plants have been being operated, out of which 21 plants are PWR types and the rest are CANDU types. About 30% of total electricity consumed in Korea is from all these nuclear power plants. The accumulated spent nuclear fuels (SFs) generated from each site are temporarily being stored as wet or dry storage type at each plant site. These SFs with their high radiotoxicity, heat generating, and long-lived radioactivity are actually the only type of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in Korea, which urgently requires to be disposed of in deep geological repository. Studies on disposal of HLW in various kind of geological repositories have been carried out in such countries as Sweden, Finland, United States, and etc. with their own methodologies and management policies in consideration of their situations. In Korea long-term R&D research program for safe management of SF has also been conducted during last couple of decades since around 1997, during which several various alternative type of disposal concepts for disposal of SNFs in deep geological formations have been investigated and developed. The first concept developed was KAERI Reference Disposal System (KRS) which is actually very much similar to Swedish KBS-3, a famous concept of direct disposal of SF in stable crystalline rock at a depth of around 500 m which has been regarded as one of the most plausible method worldwide. The world first Finnish repository which is expected to begin to operate sooner or later will be also this type. Since the characteristics of SF discharged from domestic nuclear reactors have been changed and improved, and burnup has sometimes increased, a more advanced deep geological repository system has been needed, KRS-HB (KRS with High Burnup SF) has been developed and in consideration of the dimensions of SNFs and the cooling period at the time point of the disposal time, KRS+, a rather improved disposal concept has also been subsequently developed which is especially focused on the efficient disposal area. Recently research has concentrated on rather advanced disposal technology focused on a safer and more economical repository system in recent view of the rapidly growing amount of accumulated SF. Especially in Korea the rock mass and the footprint area for the repository extremely limited for disposal site. Some preliminary studies to achieve rather higher efficiency repository concept for disposal of SF recently have already been emphasized. Among many possible ones for consideration of design for high-efficiency repository system, a double-layered system has been focused which is expected to maximize disposal capacity within the minimum footprint disposal area. Based on such disposal strategy a rather newly designed performance assessment methodology might be required to show long-term safety of the repository. Through the study some prerequisites for such methodological development has been being roughly checked and investigated, which covers FEP identification and pathway and scenario analyses as well as preliminary conceptual modeling for the nuclide release and transport in nearfield, far-field, and even biosphere in and around the conceptual repository system. Through the study such scenarios and models has been implemented to development of a safety assessment by utilizing GoldSim development tool for a rough quantitative comparison with existing disposal options and simple illustration purpose as well as for showing how to develop and implementation of the model to GoldSim templet.

In this study, a third metal layer with a higher corrosion potential than copper was introduced between the copper and cast iron layer to strengthen the corrosion resistance of the copper layer which is considered as a corrosion resistant barrier in the disposal container for spent nuclear fuel. Three types of corrosion-resistant metals, silver, nickel, and titanium, were selected as the intermediate insertion layer, and the galvanic specimens of two bonded metals were exposed to KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) groundwater and a high voltage of 1.0 V was applied to corrode the specimens at electrochemically accelerated condition. Corrosion of copper part was confirmed in Cu-Ti, Cu-Ni, and Cu-Ag galvanic specimens, but copper part was not corroded in Cu-Fe galvanic specimen. If the corrosion-resistant intermediate layer proposed in this study works properly, the local corrosion problem of copper disposal canister is expected to be some degree solved, which can apply to a welding part or a stress concentrated part.

This study aimed to suggest a suitable collar pattern by visually evaluating the appearance of the amount of collar drape by the starting position of the lapel line of a double-breasted tailored jacket using a 3d virtual fitting program. It created an avatar based on the mean size of women in their 20s (the 8th Size Korea) using clo network (double fastening: 10cm, collar width: 4.5cm, collar stand: 3cm, and lapel width: 8.5cm). The starting of the lapel twist line was waistline level, the 1/2 level of bustline and waistline, or bustline level, and collar laying amount was 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, or 7.5cm. It was evaluated by garment construction experts using 5, 6, and 4 items on the front, sides, and back, respectively. Descriptive statistics, F-test, Duncantest, and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS 22. When collar laying amount was 6.5cm, it was best rated regardless of the starting point. Under waist line, when collar laying amount was 6.5cm, it was best rated regardless of the starting point. When collar laying amount was large, the collar’s outline length increased, resulting in unnecessary wrinkles from the neckline to the lapel, affecting the overall collar appearance. When collar laying amount was the smallest, the collar was lifted and the width was narrowed, exposing the seam connecting the collar and neckline. The length of the collar’s outline varied depending on collar laying amount, which was important to make the outline sit comfortably on the body.