초기 한국교회와 일제강점기 한국의 정치 현장 가운데서 우리나라 를 찾은 미국 선교사들의 입장은 매우 복잡했다. 그들은 정교분리와 정치적 중립 자세를 유지하기 어려웠다. 언더우드(1884년), 마펫 (1890년) 선교사의 내한 이후 한국선교를 위해 서구 선교사들의 끊임없 는 희생이 있었고, 1907년 평양 대부흥을 거쳐 빠르게 성장한 한국교회 는 스스로 세례를 받고, 성경을 번역하며 토착교회를 설립했다. 그래서 일제에 맞설 수 있는 잠재적 위협으로 인식되었다. 따라서 일제는 반일 기독교 민족주의 세력을 일거에 붕괴시키고자 하였다. 기독교 세력은 물론 그 배후에 있는 미국 선교사들을 축출하려는 의도를 지니고 있었다. 그러나 이러한 일제의 전략은 더 광범위하게 전개되는 3·1 독립운동이라는 한국 민족 최대의 항일운동으로 나타나게 되었다. 이러한 역사적 과정을 외부의 추동력과 내부의 흡인력을 모두 고려한 중도파 역사기술로 서술하고자 하는 것이 논문의 목적이다.

Climatologists have warned rapid climate change of the earth and it will cause a big disaster worldwide. the rapid climate change is mostly due to emission of greenhouse gases. To reduce greenhouse gases, many countries have prepared protocols, agreements, and treaties. IMO(International Maritime Organization) have established the protocol to decrease ship’s greenhouse gases emission and they consider the nuclear power source is an option to replace fossils fuels. Our study focused on elemental technologies related to a nuclear powered ship and, the passive residual heat removal system(PRHRS) is one of topics in our study. As the mandatory of the post Fukushima accident, PRHRS for a nuclear powered ship has been studied. We invented the new concepts of PRHRS which is optimized to a nuclear powered ship. The numerical analysis results indicated that the system is very reasonable. Based on the numerical analysis, an experiential loop was set and we preliminary tested the performance of the system under the reduced scale. The experimental results came with the numerical analysis results well.

초기의 판 구조론에서 지각 판은 연약권 위에 떠서 맨틀의 움직임에 따라 움직이는 수동적인 모습으로 그려졌 고, 자연히 해령에서 발산되는 힘이나 암석권 하부의 맨틀 견인력(drag force)이 판을 움직이는 주된 원동력으로 묘사되 었다. 하지만 최근 여러 연구들은 판의 이동을 일으키는 원동력이 맨틀의 대류보다는 섭입대에서 침강하는 판이 만드는 섭입판 인력(slab pull)이라고 보고 있다. 최근 학계는 무거운 해양판과 주변 연약권의 밀도 차이가 섭입판 인력의 핵심 이라고 설명한다. 해양판의 높은 밀도는 중력에 의해 판이 해구에서 맨틀 속으로 가라앉는 원인이 되며, 이것이 판이 움직이는 가장 큰 원동력을 발생시키는 것이다. 이러한 연구 결과들을 바탕으로, 본 연구는 고등학교 지구과학 교과서의 관련 내용을 검토하고 최근 수십 년 간의 서술 경향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 5차 교육과정 이래로 지금까지 거의 대 부분의 고등학교 교과서가 맨틀 대류를 판 이동의 주 원동력으로 서술하고 있다는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 대학교 교 재가 개정판을 통해 새로운 학설을 꾸준히 제시해온 것과 대조적인 모습이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 학생들에게 더욱 정 확한 학술적 정보를 제공하기 위해 이와 같은 새로운 판 구조론 내용이 해당 교과서 관련 단원에 추가되어야 할 것이다.

Since the reform and opening up, China has maintained rapid economic growth for nearly 40 years, and is the country with the fastest economic growth in the world. However, the rapid economic growth has also paid a huge social price, which is directly related to the unreasonable economic structure and extensive growth mode. Traditional engines of economic growth began to fade. This paper through the analysis to the theory of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign economists study on economic growth: economic growth is an extremely complex process, many factors influence the economic growth, correctly grasp the role of these factors in economic growth, to grasp the law of economic growth, the correct understanding of modern economic growth is very important. Sustained economic growth in China, on the basis of dynamic analysis, combined with the current economic situation at home and abroad, as you can see, in the high-speed economic growth since reform, various factors have been attenuation or mutation, the major developed countries and regions for the adjustment of the external imbalance in pressure, the depth of the global economic growth and recovery of the factors of uncertainty, It is difficult to maintain and improve the driving force and source of China’s economic growth in the future. The current industrialization process has reached a historical and international high level and is nearing the end. The growth rate of industrial investment will slow down significantly in the future. The demographic dividend is gradually depleting, and the savings rate will gradually decrease in the future. The era of rapid economic growth brought by demographic dividend and high savings rate in a long period of time will change. Therefore, based on the perspective of supply side demand and the development of new industries, the paper analyzes the driving force of traditional economic growth in China in the past, and holds that the driving force of consumption upgrading and digital economy are the important driving force of economic growth, and strives to improve the consumption structure of residents, increase the consumption rate and vigorously develop digital economy. Shifting China’s economic growth from relying on external demand to relying on domestic demand will provide strong support for high-quality development.

This research examined the effect of KHD Leadership toward Sustainable Shareholder Value and mediated by IT & Business Strategy Alignement and Integrated Supply Chain Management. Therefore, with this research, it is expected to be able to develop the KHD Leadership in State-owned enterprises’ (SOEs) Indonesian. The population in this study were all echelon 1, 2, and 3 employees in the PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, PT Pupuk Petrokimia Gresik, PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang, PT Pupuk Kujang Cikampek, PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, as many as N = 1002 people. The appropriate sampling technique used is Proportional Stratified Random Sampling (n=300 employees). The statistical analysis used is SEM-WarpPLS method. IT & Business Strategy Alignement and Integrated Supply Chain Management significant and positive on Sustainable Shareholder Value. IT & Business Strategy Alignment and IT Integrated Suppy Chain Management is a mediating variable between the influence of KHD Leadership on Sustainable Shareholder Value. Novelty in this research is the development of Ki Hadjar Dewantara Leadership as the development of the concept of Javanese leadership that grows inherent in Indonesian society, especially Javanese society and is believed to be applicable in business and industrial organizations in Indonesia, of course it can also be implemented in Pupuk Indonesia Holding Company.