There is a need to develop a quantitative residual water measurement method to reduce the measurement uncertainty of the amount of residual water inside the canister after the end of vacuum drying. Therefore, a lab-scale vacuum drying apparatus was fabricated and its characteristics were evaluated by performing vacuum drying experiments based on the amount of residual water, vacuum drying experiments based on the surface area of residual water, and vacuum drying experiments based on the energy of residual water using the lab-scale vacuum drying apparatus. As a result of the vacuum drying experiments, if the surface area of water is the same, the greater the amount of water, the greater the energy of the water, so more energy is transferred to the surface of the water. Therefore, more water evaporated, and the average temperature of the remaining water was higher. The larger the surface area of the water, the more energy it takes to vaporize it, so the faster it dries and the faster the drying time. Before ice formed, energy was actively transferred by conduction heat transfer from the top, center, and bottom of the water to provide the energy needed for the water to evaporate from the surface. However, no energy was transferred from the water just before it turned into ice. When vacuum drying water, you can dry more water if you dry it slowly over a longer period of time. Therefore, by using a vacuum pump with a low flow rate, the pressure can be lowered slowly to prevent ice from freezing, thereby improving the drying quantity. It was evaluated that there was a good agreement between the energy used when water evaporated and the energy absorbed from the surroundings to within about 4%. Therefore, if the energy absorbed from the surroundings is known, it is possible to evaluate the amount of water evaporated in vacuum drying.

In this study, the 2-way condensation system was designed applying air-to-air heat pump to dry a marine product such as squid in the winter. And to be made the drying apparatuses by this system, there are two kinds of type, A type, was set a compressor outside of the drying apparatus, B type, was set a compressor in the drying room. And then the variations of temperature in drying room were measured to compare the heating performance of the drying apparatuses between A type and B type at -6.5℃, outdoor temperature. The temperature of the drying room for B type was increased to 36℃ but the temperature of the drying room for A type was not increased to 36℃, to be increased to 20℃.

전 세계적으로 에너지 수요증가와 유가 불안정 현상이 지속됨에 따라 이를 대체할 방안으로 신재생에너지 사용에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 신재생 에너지의 수요가 늘어날 것으로 예측된다. 우리나라는 신재생에너지 공급의무화 제도(Renewable & Portfolio Standards; RPS)를 2012년부터 도입하여 50만kW 이상의 발전소는 총 발전량에 대한 신재생에너지를 사용한 전력공급율을 2012년 2%를 시작으로 2024년까지 10%로 실시할 계획이다. 최근 RPS 의무이행자인 발전사들의 신재생에너지발전원 중 바이오 비율이 70%에 이르며 이는 바이오매스 발전이 투자비 및 연료구매 비용이 낮고 운영효율성이 높아 RPS 이행이 쉽기 때문이다. 하지만 바이오매스로의 쏠림현상은 국내 목재시장의 유통구조에 악영향을 미치고 있으며 바이오매스발전 급증으로 폐목재 수요도 동반 증가하면서 재활용 가능한 목재까지 연료로 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 최근 팜오일 바이오매스는 인도네시아 산업을 이끌 잠재력 있는 자산으로 대두되어 왔으며, 2013년 기준 1억 4,200만 톤의 팜오일과 이에 따른 6,654만톤의 팜 부산물이 생산되고 있어 이를 연료화시 국내에서 거론되고 있는 바이오매스 문제를 해결할 수 있는 신재생에너지원으로써 확보가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 대상으로 하는 EFB는 팜오일 생산과정에서 발생되어 일부분만 비료로 사용되고 처리되지 못해 야적되어 있는 것을 사용하였다. 3ton/day급 Pilot급 일체형 다단건조 탄화기를 사용하여 고열량인 EFB(저위발열량 : 4,320 kcal/kg)를 반탄화 고형연료로 생산하기 위해 반탄화 온도(200~300℃)와 시간(30~60분)을 고려하여 고형연료 생산량 및 발열량에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 반탄화 온도 변화에 따라 EFB의 저열량휘발성분의 감소와 탄소함량의 증가로 발열량(5,150 kcal/kg)이 증가하는 경향을 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구로 최적 EFB 반탄화 고형연료 생산인자를 도출함에 따라 경쟁력 있는 바이오매스 신재생에너지로 확보 될 것으로 전망된다.

This paper describes the performance of the module-type drying apparatus for the composting of a food waste. The drying apparatus mainly consists of a screw-type food waste agitator, an air exhaust blower, a heat supply tube and a heat source. Two different discharging flow conditions of the drying apparatus, 4 and 5 m3/min, are introduced. Partly dried by-products after six hours drying operation in the drying apparatus is obtained while drying temperature keeps constant of 60oC. It is noted that the by-products needs to sufficient decay period for the composting. Deodorizing apparatus having a zigzag flow and a nozzle, which is connected to the drying apparatus, is also designed to enhance the removing performance of the odor. Throughout experimental measurements, time to the drying temperature of 60oC near the screw-type food waste agitator is shortened as discharging flow rate of the system decreases. The moisture content decreases to 50 percent after operation for 4 hours. Furthermore, the odor of the food waste is satisfied with the environment exhaust standard through the deodorizing apparatus.