Black carbon (BC), which is mainly contained in fine particulate matters, is one of the typical anthropogenic air pollutants that are generated from the incomplete combustion process and discharged into the atmosphere, and its various health effects particularly on children have been a growing concern. In this study, BC and particulate matters were closely analyzed in an elementary school adjacent to a high- traffic road in a large metropolitan city. The investigation showed that black carbon behaved similarly to ultrafine dust of 0.3 μm or less in the air, accounting for 20%-40% of it. The occurrence of high concentration outdoor pollution influences the BC content in indoor particulate matters. The average I/O value was 0.7 during the class-hours, and 0.8 without students. However, when students played in the classroom, the range of BC concentrations varied from 0.25 to 1.15, wider than 0.41-1.13 without students. Although this study was conducted with regard to just one elementary school, it can be considered to represent the typical air quality status of domestic schools, and it is believed to present valuable data which can be utilized to assist with preparing measures to enhance the air quality management of schools.

2011년 4월 29일부터 30일까지 몽골에서 발원한 황사의 영향으로 우리나라는 4일간 전국적으로 고농도의 황사 가 관측되었다. 본 연구는 몽골의 황사발원지에서 황사 발생 시 기상 조건과 고농도 황사 사례의 원인 및 특성을 알아 보기 위한 것으로, 황사 일기도 자료, 황사감시기상탑 자료, 위성 자료, 후방공기궤적 자료, 관측자료(PM10 및 광학입자 계수기 자료), ECMWF 재분석 자료를 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 종관 분석에서는 몽골 중부지역에 등압선의 간격이 조밀 하게 분포하고 기압경도력이 강해지면서 강풍에 의해 황사가 발원하였다. 황사 발원과 기상 조건의 관계에서 황사 발원 직전에는 10oC 이상으로 비교적 높은 기온을 나타내다 황사 발원과 동시에 급감하였으며, 상대습도는 약 40% 이하의 낮은 값을 지속적으로 나타내다 황사 발원 후에는 50% 이상으로 급격히 높아지며 황사의 발생이 줄어드는 경향을 보 였다. COMS에서 관측된 황사지수는 황사발원지에서는 25 이상을 나타내면서 고농도의 황사가 탐지되었고, 실황에서 목측으로 관측된 지점과 일치하였다. 72시간 후방공기궤적에서는 모두 북서 기류가 한반도로 유입되었고, 5월 2일 흑산 도에서는 PM10의 시간평균농도가 1,025 μg m−3으로 최고 농도를 보였다. 특히 운동학적 연직 분석에서, 상층에서 발달한 기압골과 저기압성 소용돌이도에 의해 지상 저기압이 강화되고 동시에 상승 기류의 발달이 고농도의 황사 발생에 큰 역할을 한 것으로 판단된다.

복숭아는 대표적인 여름 과일이자 알레르기를 유발하는 식품으로 밀폐되고 집약적인 생산환경으로 인해 시설 내 유기분 진, 농약, 복숭아털이 발생하기 때문에, 열악한 작업환경으로 인한 작업자들이 어려움을 많이 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 복 숭아 선별작업장에서 발생하는 미세먼지를 위치별, 작업별, 입경별로 모니터링함으로써 저감 및 대책 마련을 위한 기초자 료를 확보하고자 하였다. 미세먼지 모니터링 결과 지역별로 는 선별과정에서 미세먼지의 발생이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 주로 기계적인 과정을 통하여 발생하는 10μm 이상의 미세먼 지로 나타났다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 향후 작업환경의 개선을 위해서 공정 중 미세먼지가 주로 발생하는 지역 및 미세먼지 의 물리적 특성을 고려하여 저감시설 및 개인보호구의 착용이 요구된다.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of spraying dust suppressants in relation to the condition of road pavement in South Korea and to develop an optimal management method by continuously measuring re-suspended dust concentrations using a vehicle-based measurement. METHODS : Indoor experiments were conducted to select suppressants suitable for local conditions to reduce reducing road dust, which were identified through literature review. Data collection followed the evaluation method by selecting a section sprayed with dust suppressants and a non-sprayed section within the service road. RESULTS : The BPT experiment is designed to ensure the skid resistance of the road when dust suppressants are sprayed on the road. The Environmental toxic tests for PM10, HCHO, and TVOC all met the daily indoor air quality standards recommended in Korea for determining stability. Comparison of PM10 contents before and after spraying of the test road with dust suppressants and the non-sprayed section, it was confirmed that the dust suspended by the external environment may be reduced, but the amount of dust remaining on the road may increase. After 4 hours, when the water had evaporated, the dust suppressants remained effective and lasted for two-days. CONCLUSIONS : The concentration of fine dust in South Korea varies with the average duration of highly concentrated fine dust being 26.5 h nationwide, 20.5 h in the Seoul metropolitan area, and 25.1 h in Gyeonggi-province, suggesting a duration of one to two days. Thus, the fine dust problem can be solved by using dust suppressants.

국내 농업 분야 비산먼지의 배출계수와 활동도 자료는 국내의 환경조건(풍속, 습도 등)과 농업 의 특성을 반영하지 않고 미국의 인벤토리 체계를 그대로 적용해 왔다. 이 연구에서는, 활동 자료 중 하나 인 시간 해상도는 풍속 및 건기일수 적용을 통해 월별 배분계수를 도출하여 지역별로 시간 해상도를 향상 시켰고, 공간 해상도는 시·군·구에서 동과 리로 세분화하여 지역별로 공간 해상도를 향상시켰다. 이 연구를 통해, 지금 존재하는 농업분야의 비산먼지의 배출량, 활동도 자료의 개선에 중요한 자료로 활 용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Domestic dust remover began to be manufactured and installed in the late 1980s by introducing Japanese products and technologies. Currently, the design standards of dust remover are applied to Japan's design standards and partly sub-unit technology was developed for the domestic environment, but no technology was not developed. In addition, most of the manufacturers are small or small, so many of them have been installed and operated for 25 years because they develop small technologies such as parts deformation and functional addition rather than core technology development. Mechanical dust remover require about 70% of manufacturing costs compared to conventional hydraulic dust remover, which can reduce initial production costs, reduce maintenance costs due to low failure rates, and can be operated reliably. Existing hydraulic dust remover had a problem of contaminating rivers due to leakage of hydraulic oil, but mechanical dust remover have no factors that cause water pollution. Therefore, this study developed a rack-type operating structure for optimal and new construction by developing a multi-stage rack structure of mechanical decontamination components, which are substitutes of conventional rotary and hydraulic dust remover.

In this study, we verify the stability of the operation of mechanical dust remover by conducting the development of a rack-type operating structure and mechanism. This led to the development of a new type of mechanical dust remover, which resulted in the following conclusions. The optimum design was established for the specifications and shapes of the main structural and power transfer components according to the required capabilities of the mechanical dust remover. The power transmission structure of the worm gear and the spur gear corresponding to the rack bar gear box was determined to fit the lift structure, which is a combination of rack sprockets. When the rack bar is elongated, it develops a rack-type operating structure that enables smooth descent by allowing it to form a gap between the rake and the screen. And the mechanism was verified by calculating the stresses on the sprocket entering the rack box.

Although fine dust pollution in Korea is increasing, there is no information regarding nutritional standards for fine dustrelated disease patients. This study analyzed the food and nutrient intake status in adult men with disease associated with fine dust in the area with the increased level of fine dust pollution using the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017). The daily intakes, and average nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) values of energy were significantly increased in the control group compared with patient groups. Compared with the control group, protein, fat and cholesterol intakes were significantly increased in the patient groups. Daily intakes of cereals and grain products in the control group were increased, whereas seasoning intake was decreased in the control group compared with patient groups. The patient groups had low daily water and vitamin B1 intakes, and the niacin intake of patient groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. Nutrition density and nutritional quality of vitamin C were significantly reduced in patient groups. This study can be used as basic data for nutrition education that emphasizes sufficient calorie, water and antioxidant vitamin intakes for patients related to fine dust pollution.

이 연구의 목적은 일기도, 850 hPa 면의 유선, 후방궤적과 기상, 그리고 대기질 모델을 이용하여 비황사기간 동안 청주시 미세먼지 PM2.5의 고농도 원인을 분석하는 것이다. 청주시 PM2.5 고농도 사례일 동안 시계열과 일기도를 분석한 결과, 중국 또는 주변 지역으로부터 PM2.5의 장거리 수송과 관련된 기상 패턴을 나타내었다. 실제로 PM2.5 시계열 에서 자체 기여 농도보다 2-3배 이상 증가한 60-80 μg m−3가 장거리 수송과 관련된 배경농도로 관측되었다. PM2.5의 고 농도는 대체로 상층 제트류가 한반도를 통과하면서 지상 고기압과 저기압의 발달 위치에 따라 분포하였다. 결과적으로 청주시 PM2.5 고농도 발생 원인은 중국 북경이나 기타 인근 지역에서 산업, 가정 및 에너지 연소 기원으로 발생한 스모그 형태의 대기 오염물질 덩어리가 장거리 수송의 기압배치에 따라 빠른 풍속 대를 타고 이동했기 때문이다. PM2.5를 포함한 대기오염물질이 지상 고기압 확장역이나 절리저기압 또는 지상저기압 배치에 따라 벨트나 띠 형태의 오염 덩어리로 북쪽에서 남쪽으로 청주시 분지 지형을 통과하는 M자형 패턴을 나타내거나, 강줄기 형태의 띠들이 바람의 영향을 받아 U자형으로 변하는 점진적 증가형 패턴으로 나타난다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the fugitive dust generated by each process through field tests to develop a technology to reduce fugitive dust generated during excavation-restoration work on road pavements. METHODS : The testbed was constructed based on a typical excavation-restoration construction section and comprised five sections for reproducibility and repeated measurements. The excavation-restoration work was divided into pavement cutting, pavement crushing, pavement removal, excavation, and restoration processes and fugitive dust generated by each process was measured. Fugitive dust (TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) was measured using a GRIMM particle spectrometer, which applies the principle of a light scattering spectrometer and can be measured in real-time. RESULTS : Analyses of the average mass concentration of PM10 generated by the excavation-restoration process are as follows: 1286.3 μg/m³ from pavement cutting, 246.8 μg/m³ from pavement crushing, 697.0 μg/m³ from pavement removal, 747.9 μg/m³ from excavation process, and 350.6 μg/m³ from the restoration process. In addition, the average particle size distribution of the excavationrestoration construction was in the order of PM10~PM2.5 (67 %), PM1 or less (24 %), and PM2.5~PM1 (9 %). The pavement cutting process is characterized by the emission of high concentrations of fugitive dust over a short time, compared to other processes. The pavement crushing process has the characteristic of steadily generating fugitive dust for a long period, although the emission concentration is small. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, it was found that the concentration and characteristics of fugitive dust generated during road pavement excavation-restoration works vary by process and the reduction technology for each process should be developed accordingly.