Based on the analysis of the development of cross-border e-commerce in BRICS countries and the status quo of cross-border e-commerce trade between China and other BRICS countries, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of China's cross-border e-commerce exports to other BRICS countries and its influencing factors. Based on the classical expression of gravity model, this paper adjusts the model and constructs an extended gravity model with China's cross-border e-commerce exports to other BRICS countries as dependent variable, GDP of other BRICS countries, distance between China and the BRICS countries, population of importing countries, consumption gap, Internet penetration, logistics performance composite index of importing countries and cultural gap as independent variables. Based on the panel data of China, Russia, India, Brazil and South Africa for 8 years from 2010 to 2017, this paper finds that the GDP of importing countries, Internet penetration of importing countries, consumption gap, logistics performance composite index and population have a positive impact on China's cross-border e-commerce exports to other BRICS countries, while cultural gap and geographical distance have a negative impact on China's cross-border e-commerce exports to other BRICS countries.

In this paper, we studied the applicability of data driven model, AAKR(Auto-Associative Kernel Regression) for generator power loss estimation. Correlation analysis performed on 39 turbine system variables for dataset construction and then 13 variables were selected as highly correlated with generator power output. For a memory vector, 95~100% thermal power section data were used and data at normal power condition for 3 month were extracted for query vector. Analysis result shows that 9 variables show good prediction between measured and estimated data, 2 variables show good correlation but with small bias and 2 variables show increasing difference and low correlation with the passage of time, which assumed to be cause of electric output loss.

인공지능 기반의 가상비서가 보편화 되면서 음성쇼핑 시장이 확대될 것으로 전망된다. 이 연구에서는 통합기술수용이론(UTAUT)을 활용, 소비자의 음성쇼핑 이용의도를 결정하는 요인을 확인한다. 온라인 쇼핑 주 소비층인 20~40대의 설문조사 데이터를 토대로 분석한 이 연구에서는 UTAUT에서 제시하는 변수 중 성과기대와 노력기대에 쇼핑의 속성을 고려하여 유희기대를 추가하여 음성쇼핑 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 변수로 설정했다. 또 한 이러한 변수에 영향을 줄 것으로 추론되는 4가지 음성비서 속성 즉, 응대정확성, 호환성, 사회적 실재감, 안전성을 포함해 음성쇼핑 이용에 관한 독자적 연구모형을 구축했다. 분석 결과, 성과기대, 노력기대, 유희기대 등 확장된 통합수용모델 변수들은 음성쇼핑의 사용의도에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 확인됐다. 음성쇼핑 속성과 관련해서는, 호환성이 성과기대와 노력기대, 유희기대 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 사회적 실재감은 유희기대에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 안전성은 노력기대와 유희기대에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 확인됐다. 한편, 응대정확성은 성과기대, 노력기대, 유희기대에 모두 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 음성쇼핑이라는 새로운 방식에 대한 수용 결정요인을 밝혀내어, 일반 전자상거래 업체들과 가상비서 기반 플랫폼 기업이 시장에서 지배력을 창출하기 위해 고려해야 할 혁신의 요인을 제시한다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

본 연구는 합천호에서 2002~2017년까지 16년간의 장기간 동안 수질변수를 이용하여 부영양화 특성, 경험적 모델분석 및 몬순강도에 따른 수질변이 특성을 분석하였다. 장기간의 연별 수질 분석에서 합천호는 중영양 ~부영양 상태로 분석되었고, 계절별 수질분석에서 부영양화 현상은 하절기 이후 심화되는 것으로 나타났다. 장기간의 수질변이 특성은 유역의 점오염원 및 비점 오염원이 크게 변하지 않는 상황 하에서 매년 강우 사상 (집중 강우 vs. 약한 강우) 및 계절적인 강우강도에 의해 조절되는 것으로 분석되었다. 총인(TP), 총질소(TN), 생물학적 산소요구량(BOD) 및 이온 농도변화는 건기해(Dry year)와 홍수해 (Wet year)의 비교분석에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 영양염류, 유기물 농도 및 이온농도 변동에 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 수질 변수 중 매년 영양염 지표(TP, TN), 유기물 지표(BOD, COD), 총 부유물질 농도 및 1차생산력의 지표 (Chl-a)는 강수량과 정상관관계를 보였다. 녹조의 지표인 Chl-a 농도는 총인, 총질소, 및 BOD와 높은 상관관계를 보여, 타 호수처럼 영양염의 과도한 증가시기에 Chl-a농도가 낮아지는 특성과는 차이를 보였다. Log-전환된 총질소, 총인 및 Chl-a에 대한 경험적 모델(Empirical model) 분석에 따르면, Chl-a 농도는 인(phosphorus) 농도에 의해 1차적으로 조절되며, 질소(N)농도는 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 Log10TN, Log10TP, Log10CHL의 상류, 중류, 하류구간에 대한 공간적 회귀분석에서 총인과 Chl-a는 p <0.005의 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내었으나 총질소와 Chl-a는 p > 0.005의 결과를 보여, 녹조번성에 대해 인(P)이 핵심역할을 하는 것으로 분석 되었다. 또한, 총질소와 총인 모두 Chl-a와 댐에 가까운 하류구간(Lacustrine zone)에 비해 상류구간(Riverine zone)에서 더 유의적인 결과를 보여, 상류역에서 무기성 부유물의 농도의 영향에 의한 광제한 효과(Light limitation)가 거의 나타나지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.

The wakes behind a square cylinder were simulated using two-equation turbulence models, k-ε and RNG k-ε models. For comparisons between the model predictions and analytical solutions, we employed three skill assessments:, the correlation coefficient for the similarity of the wake shape, the error of maximum velocity difference (EMVD) of the accuracy of wake velocity, and the ratio of drag coefficient (RDC) for the flow patterns as in the authors’ previous study. On the basis of the calculated results, we discussed the feasibility of each model for wake simulation and suggested a suitable value for an eddy viscosity related constant in each turbulence model. The k-ε model underestimated the drag coefficient by over 40 %, and its performance was worse than that in the previous study with one-equation and mixing length models, resulting from the empirical constants in the ε-equation. In the RNG k-ε model experiments, when an eddy viscosity related constant was six times higher than the suggested value, the model results were yielded good predictions compared with the analytical solutions. Then, the values of EMVD and RDC were 3.8 % and 3.2 %, respectively. The results of the turbulence model simulations indicated that the RNG k-ε model results successfully represented wakes behind the square cylinder, and the mean error for all skill assessments was less than 4 %.

To develop a empirical model for predicting the spring flight period of overwintering Ips acuminatus adult, their density were monitored in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests at Chuncheon in 2015. The monitoring data of the beetles and temperature in the forests were used to develop the empirical predictive model based on degree-day model, and it was validated using the data from Korean pine forest at Wonju in 2018. The lower threshold temperature for flight (LTF) and a thermal requirement for the onset of flight activity of the beetles in spring were estimated. As the result, the LTF was estimated as 1.3 ℃ and 269.96 DD was required for the spring flight. The median flight date estimated by the empirical model was one day earlier than the observed flight date. Therefore, the model is suitable for predicting the spring flight of overwintering I. acuminatus.

Although retailers deals with a large number of single-term inventory items, but few cases have been considered in the areas of practical decision making. However, recent moves to strengthen fair trade have created a real need for single-period inventory decision-making problems. This study addresses the problem of ordering quantity decisions that are expected to maximize profits using classical newsvendor models. The research target is data on seasonal and perishable products from retail. We also use data from retailers to actually apply the newsvendor model and calculate the results to compare performance. It also suggests solutions for estimating demand for products sold in order to apply newsvendor models that utilize actual demand ratio versus forecast demand. This study would like to examine the effectiveness of this research through data analysis and make some suggestions for applying it to reality.

This study analyzed the water quality characteristics and developed empirical models prior to and after the construction of Baekje Weir, in the Geum River watershed between 2004-2017. The comparative evaluation of the surface water chemistry before and after the four major river projects on the weirs indicated that total phosphorus (TP), based on annual data, rapidly decrease after the construction of the weir while the total nitrogen (TN) decreased. Conversely, chlorophyll-a (CHL) concentration, which is a good indicator of primary productivity, increased after the construction of the weir together with an increase in specific conductivity. Simply put, the construction of the weir led to the decrease in concentrations of N and P due to the increased water residence time (WRT), whereas the CHL : TP ratio greatly increased in magnitude. The regression analysis of the empirical model indicated that CHL had no significant relation (r=0.068, p=0.6102, n=58) with TP before the weir construction, but had a relation with TP after the weir construction (r=0.286, p<0.05, n=56). Therefore, such conditions resulted in an increase in primary productivity on a given unit of phosphorus, resulting in frequent algal blooms. In contrast, seasonal suspended solids (SS) and TP increased during the monsoon period, compared to the pre-monsoon, thereby showing positive correlations (r>0.40, p<0.01, n=163) with precipitation. If the government consistently discharges water from the weir, the phosphorus concentration will be increased due to its reversion to a lotic waterbody from a lentic waterbody hereby reducing algal blooms in the future.

As the industrial society develops, the management of the production line becomes more and more important. There are also diversifying Management methods by industry. In addition, National Competency Standards (NCS) have also been developed. As a result, It has been created standards for each job and provide education and training standards for industrial production management tasks. Customer satisfaction is an ever-growing concern of management throughout the world. In addition, Colleges are focusing on vocational education. Because of the opening of the education market, They are competing in various ways. And, To survive in this competition. They are making great efforts to improve the lecture satisfaction. If education is regarded as an industry, it can be classified as a representative service industry. Because it is formed as a perfect competition between colleges. And then in this paper, This will focus on the mechanical production Manager duties of industrial engineering department related NCS. This study also conducted empirical studies to analyze factors affecting the curriculum using the KANO analysis.

Using the extended technology acceptance model (TAM), the study aimed to understand consumers’ adoption process for smart fashion products. The research model was designed to examine the impacts of perceived ease of use and usefulness on attitude and behavior intention toward smart fashion products based on the technology innovativeness, enjoyment, and subjective norm variables. An online survey was conducted on consumers by employing a marketing research company. A total of 230 useable responses were obtained. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to test the measurement model. The proposed hypotheses were tested by employing the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results found a positive impact of perceived ease of use on usefulness and a positive influence of usefulness on attitude and behavior intention. Attitude had a positive effect on behavior intention. In addition, technology innovativeness was found to have a positive influence on perceived ease of use and enjoyment had a positive influence on usefulness and attitude. Subjective norm predicted behavior intention. The findings of the study contribute to smart fashion literature and have important implications for smart fashion product developers and marketers, as they offer insights into the important role of technology innovativeness, enjoyment, and subjective norms perceived by consumers in improving attitudes and behavior intentions toward the products. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Suhyup Bank became to be subject to regulation of capital ratio by BaselⅢ which was introduced in order to enhance stability of the financial institution. Accordingly, Suhyup Bank will require recapitalization. It is important to estimate the risk-weighted assets in calculating of Suhyup Bank’s recapitalization scale. Therefor, this study aimed to present a scientific model as estimated the risk-weighted assets. Risk-weighted assets are calculated by applying different risk weights for loans, may have a certain relationship with the loans. Results show that the risk-weighted assets is affected by the previous year’s riskweighted assets and influenced the increase in loans during the year. Since the required basic capital adequacy ratio was specified, the risk-weighted assets should be predicted reasonably. Accordingly, on this study it was tried to derive the accounting equation to predict the risk-weighted assets based on management data of a bank since introduction of BaselⅢ. As the risk-weighted assets were weighted differently according to the type of loans, if the accounting equation is derived by using the type of loans, then it would be helpful for the risk management of banks in the long-term. According to this, the increase of loan would be predicted on the basis of past management performance of Suhyup Bank, and for this reason, the future risk-weighted assets of Suhyup Bank were predicted. The result of this study was showed that 98.3% of risk-weighted assets of the previous year, 62.4% of the secured loan changes and 95.1% of the credit loan changes affected risk-weighted assets.

To develop an empirical degree-day model for predicting the spring flight period of the bark beetle, Ips subelongatus Motschulsky, based on field observation, field studies were biweekly conducted in three Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) forests in In-je, Korea from 2013 to 2014. To validate this degree-day model, we compared the model-predicted values with observed emergence data of I. subelongatus in 2015 spring at one of the sites. The flight period of over-wintering generation began on April and ended May, and flight of next generation lasted until October. The lower developmental threshold temperature (LDT) was estimated using spring emergence of I. subelongatus and field temperatures. Then a degree-day model was constructed, based on LDTs estimated from field observations data. The baseline temperature with the highest coefficient of determination was considered the LDT, and this was estimated to be 6.0℃. The explanatory power of the model was 88%. This model accurately predicted the flight of I. subelongatus in 2015 spring, as the estimated median flight dates was 1 days earlier than the corresponding observed flight date. The results of the goodness-of-fit test did not differ between observed and estimated values (ks = 0.21, P = 0.54).

대청호는 1975년에 착공하여 1980년 12월에 대전광역시 대덕구 미호동과 충청북도 청원군 문의면 덕유리 사이의 금강 본류를 가로막는 대청호가 준공된 이후, 대전을 비롯 한 충청 및 전북지역의 용수공급, 하류홍수조절, 수력발전 생산 등을 담당하고 있다. 댐 유역면적은 4,134㎢으로써 금 강 수계 전체 면적 9,886㎢의 41.8%를 점유하고 있으며 유역면적 대비 수면적 비율이 큰 인공호이다. 총 저수량은 14억 9천만 ㎥이며, 연간 용수공급량은 1,649백만 ㎥에 이 른다. 행정구역상으로는 전라북도 장수군, 진안군, 무주군 과 충청남도 금산군, 충청북도 영동군, 보은군, 옥천군, 청원 군 및 대전시의 일부 지역을 점유하고 있어 1개 광역시, 4개도 9개 군을 포함하고 있다. 담수생태계 분야 중 기후변화와 환경오염과 관련된 많은 결과들은 호소생태계에서 밝혀져 왔으며, 현재까지 장기생 태연구사업의 담수생태계 연구지소 중 호수생태계(정수생 태계)가 포함되어 있지 않아 강생태계(유수생태계)와의 포 괄적인 대조를 위해 국가장기생태연구 2단계 2차년도부터 추가된 지역이다. 대청호는 장기생태조사지역인 새만금 지 역의 담수화(호수화) 경향과 이에 따른 생태계 변화를 파악 하는데 유용하며, 최근 매년 하절기에 대청호에 부영화에 의한 녹조현상이 나타나고 있으므로 수환경변화에 따른 호 수생태계 변화를 파악할 필요가 있다.

In this paper, the wakes behind a square cylinder were simulated using two kinds of different turbulence models for the eddy viscosity concept such as the zero- and the one-equation model in which the former is the mixing length model and the latter is the k-equation model. For comparison between numerical and analytical solutions, we employed three skill assessments: the correlation coefficient(r) for the similarity of the wake shape, the error of maximum velocity difference(EMVD) for the accuracy of wake velocity and the ratio of drag coefficient(RDC) for the pressure distribution around the structure. On the basis of the numerical results, the feasibility of each model for wake simulation was discussed and a suitable value for the empirical constant was suggested in these turbulence models. The zero-equation model, known as the simplest turbulence model, overestimated the EMVD and its absolute mean error(AME) for r, EMVD and RDC was ranging from 20.3 % to 56.3 % for all test. But the AME by the one-equation model was ranging from 3.4 % to 19.9 %. The predicted values of the one-equation model substantially agreed with the analytical solutions at the empirical mixing length scale L=0.6b1/2 with the AME of 3.4 %. Therefore it was concluded that the one-equation model was suitable for the wake simulation behind a square cylinder when the empirical constant for eddy viscosity would be properly chosen.

본 연구에서는 Hall과 Jewson(2007)의 방법을 바탕으로, 한반도 근역을 대상으로 하여 태풍진로를 태풍 시뮬레이션에서 재현할 수 있는 경험적 태풍진로모형을 개발하였다. 이 진로모형은 표본추출길이 L 파라미터를 이용하여 임의 지점에서 태풍의 이동은 반경 L안에 존재하는 과거 태풍이력 변위들의 평균변위와 어노말리의 1차 자기회귀모형을 통하여 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 한반도 주변영역의 남쪽 경계를 통해서 진입하는 태풍을 SB, 동쪽 경계를 통해서 진입하는 태풍은 EB, 서쪽 경계를 통해서 진입하는 태풍을 WB 태풍으로 분류하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 태풍진로모형에 의한 모의태풍진로와 기록된 과거 태풍진로의 공간 상관도는 SB에 대해서 모의태풍의 수가 증가함에 따라 0.92 근처로 수렴하는 것으로 나타나, 개발된 태풍진로모형이 매우 실제에 근사한 태풍의 진로를 모사할 수 있음을 확인하였다.