This study describes the design and corrosion-resistant materials for a high-efficiency waste-to-energy (WtE) plant. WtEtechnology is one of the most robust and effective alternative energy options to reduce CO2 emissions and to conservelimited fossil fuel resources, which are used by traditional power plants. The recently published 3rd edition of the CEWEP(confederation of european waste-to-energy plants) energy efficiency report demonstrated the energy efficiency criterion(R1 formula) that was introduced in the waste framework directive and has proven to be an incentive for WtE plants inEurope to improve their energy efficiency. The design combines the optimal use of the corrosion resistant properties ofinconel with an efficient boiler design (Amsterdam) and turbine layout. It uses a steam-steam reheater to realize thisefficiency as well as high availability and low maintenance. The high-efficiency WtE plant is an economical choice thatmakes a very positive contribution to sustainable electricity production.

Sulfur hexafluoride has an extremely high global warming potential (GWP) because of strong absorption of infraredradiation and long atmospheric lifetime which cause the global warming effect. This study is to identify the effects ofdestruction and removal efficiency of SF6 by the addition of conditioning agent (oxygen, water vapor and hydrogen) whenusing the high ionization energy. The irradiation intensity of ionization energy was 2mA, 5mA, 10mA and 15mA. TheSF6 was completely removed with H2O and H2 gas injection at 2mA. Main by-products were HF and F2 gases. HF andF2 gas formation was increased with irradiation intensity increasing. Most of the by-products of particle were sulfur andmetal sulfate.

SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) gas has an extremely high global warming potential (GWP) because of strong absorption of infrared radiation and long atmospheric lifetime which cause the global warming effect. The objective of this study is to identify the effects of destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of SF6 by the addition of oxygen, water vapor and hydrogen. The applied dose of ionization energy was 1,028 kGy(5 mA). The initial concentrations of SF6, O2, H2O and H2 gases were 1,000 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm, respectively. The DRE was increased about 2 times with O2 gas injection. The SF6 was completely removed with H2O and H2 gas injection. By-products formed by SF6 destruction were mainly HF and F2 gases. In addition, SF2, NF3, N2O, SO2, SO2F2, and NOx gases were produced.

황철석 시료로부터 Fe를 효과적으로 용출시키기 위하여 마이크로웨이브 에너지와 암모니아 용액을 적용하였다. 황철석을 마이크로웨이브에 60분 동안 노출시키자 적철석과 자류철석으로 상변환되었다. 그리고 암모니아 용액에 의하여 Fe가 최대로 용출되는 마이크웨이브 노출시간은 60분이였다. Fe 용출율이 99% 이상으로 나타나는 시료와 마이크로웨이브 노출 조건은 325-400 mesh의 황철석 시료와 60분에서였다. 그리고 암모니아 용출 조건은 0.3 M의 황산, 2.0 M의 황산암모늄 그리고 0.1 M의 과산화수소 농도에서였다. 고체-잔류물에 대하여 XRD 분석을 수행한 결과 황철석, 적철석 그리고 자류철석은 암모니아 용액에 의하여 완전히 제거되었지만 석영은 제거되지 않았다.

Eco-efficiency considers both environmental impacts and economic values. It is a useful tool for communicating with stakeholders for business decision making. This study evaluated the eco-efficiency factor (EEF) for the energy network of a dyeing company that supplies surplus heat to a neighboring apartment during the night. This symbiosis network is one of the eco-industrial park (EIP) projects in Korea and aims to benefit local residents and the industrial complex by utilizing surplus heat. In this study, two categories were annualized. The first quantified environmental burden based on CO2 emissions and quantified product value in terms of steam sales. The second used a variety of environmental factors, such as fossil fuel, water and waste, to quantify environmental burden and used steam sales to quantify value. The EEF of the symbiosis network was 1.6, using the global warming impact, and determined using the multiple variable, was 1.33. This study shows that the EEF depends on variable details of environmental burden but the values of this project were very high contrast to other business or EIP project.

노동력부족이 심화되는 농촌현실에서 이앙을 하지 않는 벼직파재배가 점차 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 건답과 담수직파재배를 실시하고 기존의 이앙재배와 수량성, 노동생산성 및 수익성을 비교하여 영농노력을 절감하고 경영비용을 저하시킬 수 있는 가능성을 검토하여 직파의 적부를 평가하였다. 다수성을 진속하면서 경영을 개선하기 위하여 농용자재의 적정투입과 생력화로서 영농노력을 절감하고 경영비용을 저하시켜 벼농사의 경영채산성을 확립 하고자 하였다. 직파재배는 무효분얼이 많이 발생하여 유효경비율이 50％에 불과하였고 출수기는 약 9일이 지연되었으나 현미수량은 이앙과 차이가 없이 455kg/10a(건답), 480kg/10a(담수)을 생산하였다. 노동시간투입은 이앙에 비하여 17％(건답), 28％(담수)씩 감소시켰고 생산비소요는 20％(건답), 32％(담수)를 절감하였고 농용에너지 투입은 건답은 약 5％ 감소시켰으나 담수는 3％ 증가되었다. 담수재배가 건답보다 생력화와 생산성에서 보다 효과적이었다. 직파재배는 본답기간이 연장되어 비료와 제초제의 증시가 필요하였고 앞으로 이들 보조에너지들의 절감과 효율성을 높이는 기술이 개발되어야 하겠다.