Purpose: This study was conducted to provide simulation training on evidence-based practical training and to examine its effects. Method: Data were collected from 83 students at C University, between October 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018. This training was conducted over a 5-week period. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Friedman test, the Wilcoxon signedrank test, and Repeated Measure ANOVA, all after the normality test. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups in evidence-based practice beliefs, competence, nursing profession perspective, critical thinking tendencies, and problem-solving ability (p<.001). More specifically, there was a greater improvement in evidence-based practice knowledge, critical thinking tendency, and problem-solving ability than in the existing simulation exercise. Conclusion: Being effective in enhancing the ability to provide evidence-based practice beliefs, competencies, nursing profession perspectives, and, especially in evidence-based practice knowledge, critical thinking tendencies, and problem-solving skills, it is necessary to link evidence-based education and existing simulation training.

본 논문에서는 국내 자료를 바탕으로 특수관계인이 중소기업의 국제화와 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 연구한다. 지금까지 선행연구는 주로 국제거래가 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 국한되었고, 실증분석 면에서 그 영향의 방향성 및 중요도에 관해서도 상반된 다양한 결과가 존재한다. 본 연구는 국제화가 기업성과에 미치는 표층적 관계를 넘어, 이를 궁극적으로 통제하는 소유·지배구조를 함께 고려한 것이 특징이다. 특히 중소기업의 궁극적 지배력을 행사하는 지배주주 본인과 특수관 계인을 구별하여, 특수관계인이 국제화 및 기업성과에 미치는 영향력에 대한 다양한 가설을 검증 하고자 한다. 회계연도 기준 2014~2018년 기간 상장사 가운데 중소기업 자료를 이용하여 다음과 같은 분석 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 지배주주 본인은 물론 특수관계인의 지분율이 증가할수록 국제화가 약화되었다. 둘째, 국제화 정도가 높을수록 기업성과는 좋아졌다. 셋째,특수관계인 지분이 높을수록 국제화가 기업성과에 미치는 영향력이 감소하였다. 이러한 실증 결과는 다음과 같은 가설을 시사한다. 지배주주 및 특수관계인은 소유지분이 높을수록 확보된 통제력을 이용하여 잠재수익과 위험성을 동시 내포한 국제화를 기피하는 성향을 보이며, 특수관계인 지분이 높을수록 수익 증대에 미치는 국제화의 영향력은 감소한다.

신흥시장 다국적 기업의 국제 인수합병에 대한 참여와 관심이 증대되는 가운데, 본 연구는 2000년부터 2014년까지의 기간 동안 중국과 인도의 다국적 기업들이 완료한 433건의 인수합병 거래를 대상으로 상대적 크기, 문화적 거리, 제도적 거리가 인수합병 성과에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 상대적 크기는 인도 기업의 인수합병 성과에 U자형의 비선형적 영향을 미쳤으나, 문화적 거리와 제도적 거리는 인도 기업의 성과에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반면, 중국 기업 인수 합병 성과의 경우, 상대적 크기에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 받지 않았으나, 문화적 거리와 제도적 거리에 각각 음(-)의 영향과 양(+)의 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다.

인공지능 기반의 가상비서가 보편화 되면서 음성쇼핑 시장이 확대될 것으로 전망된다. 이 연구에서는 통합기술수용이론(UTAUT)을 활용, 소비자의 음성쇼핑 이용의도를 결정하는 요인을 확인한다. 온라인 쇼핑 주 소비층인 20~40대의 설문조사 데이터를 토대로 분석한 이 연구에서는 UTAUT에서 제시하는 변수 중 성과기대와 노력기대에 쇼핑의 속성을 고려하여 유희기대를 추가하여 음성쇼핑 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 변수로 설정했다. 또 한 이러한 변수에 영향을 줄 것으로 추론되는 4가지 음성비서 속성 즉, 응대정확성, 호환성, 사회적 실재감, 안전성을 포함해 음성쇼핑 이용에 관한 독자적 연구모형을 구축했다. 분석 결과, 성과기대, 노력기대, 유희기대 등 확장된 통합수용모델 변수들은 음성쇼핑의 사용의도에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 확인됐다. 음성쇼핑 속성과 관련해서는, 호환성이 성과기대와 노력기대, 유희기대 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 사회적 실재감은 유희기대에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 안전성은 노력기대와 유희기대에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 확인됐다. 한편, 응대정확성은 성과기대, 노력기대, 유희기대에 모두 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 음성쇼핑이라는 새로운 방식에 대한 수용 결정요인을 밝혀내어, 일반 전자상거래 업체들과 가상비서 기반 플랫폼 기업이 시장에서 지배력을 창출하기 위해 고려해야 할 혁신의 요인을 제시한다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

This study was investigated to test whether the zygote recognized the topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) mediated DNA fragmentation in epididymal spermatozoa or the nuclease degradation in vas deferens spermatozoa by testing for the presence of gammaH2AX (γH2AX). The γH2AX is phosphorylation of histone protein H2AX on serine 139 occurs at sites flanking DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). The presence of γH2AX in the pronuclei of mouse zygotes which were injected with DNA broke epididymal spermatozoa was tested by immunohistochemistry at 5 and 9 h post fertilization, respectively. Paternal pronuclei that arose from epididymal spermatozoa treated with divalent cations did not stain for γH2AX at 5 h. On the other hand, in embryos injected with vas deferences spermatozoa that had been treated with divalent cations, γH2AX was only present in paternal pronuclei, and not the maternal pronuclei at 5 h. Interestingly, both pronuclei stained positively for γH2AX for all treatments and controls at 9 h after sperm injection. In conclusion, the embryos recognize DNA that is damaged by nuclease, but not by TOP2B because H2AX in phosphorylated in paternal pronuclei resulting from spermatozoa treated with fragmented DNA from vas deferens spermatozoa treated with divalent cations, but not from epididymal spermatozoa treated the same way.

The purpose of this study is to reveal differences towards conspicuous consumption of the hard-hit by the recession Greeks and foreign consumers. For the purposes of this research a survey was carried out in Greece. Tandem cluster analysis was performed in order to separate consumers based on their conspicuous consumption patterns and tendencies. The analysis resulted in a three cluster solution and deduced that the recession-hit Greeks buy branded luxury goods, as hypothesized and expected.

승용차의 아키텍처는 어떻게 진화해왔는가? 그간 승용차 아키텍처에 대한 논의는 통합형, 모듈형, 그리고 두 유형의 공존 등이 혼재되어 왔다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 글로벌 무역 자료를 활용하여 제품의 중층 구조를 반영한 모듈화의 진전 측정 지수를 개발하고, 이를 아키텍처 유형 프레임워크에 적용하여 승용차 아키텍처의 모듈화 진행을 종단적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 승용차 아키텍처는 지난 2000년 이후 모듈화가 지속적으로 진행되었 음을 확인하였으며, 동시에 모듈화 진행은 구성 모듈 별로 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 모듈 중에는 프론트-엔드, 운전석 및 시트 모듈의 모듈화 진행이 뚜렷함을 확인된 반면, 차체‧도어‧ 천장 모듈은 소비자 니즈 충족을 위한 외부 디자인 차별화 및 완성차와 모듈업체 간 상호 조율 강화로 인해 모듈화가 더디게 진행됨을 관찰하였다. 또한 샤시, 엔진, 그리고 트랜스미션 모듈로 구성된 플랫폼은 모델 다양화, 생산 원가 절감, 신제품 개발 기간 단축을 위한 완성차 업계의 지속적인 노력에 따라 모듈화가 지속 진전됨을 확인하였다. 플랫폼 구성 모듈 중에서는 트랜스미션의 모듈화 진전이 가장 두드러진 반면 샤시와 엔진 모듈은 완성차 업체의 자체 혁신 노력으로 인해 비교적 통합형 아키텍처 경향이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 제품 아키텍처의 모듈화를 계량적으로 측정, 그 진행을 종단적으로 측정할 수 있는 접근법을 제시 하는데 기여하였다. 또한 모듈 별 상이한 모듈화 진전에 대한 고찰을 통해 관련 연구의 분석 수준의 세분화 필요성을 제안하였다. 아울러 본 연구는 승용차 산업 전반에서 일어나고 있는 아키텍처 모듈화 진전 현상을 규명함으로써 완성차 업체 뿐 아니라 모듈 업체의 아키텍처 선택과 그에 따른 전략 수립의 가이드라인을 제시하였다. 본 연구가 다양한 제조업과 그 제품의 모듈화 진전을 규명하는데 활용되기를 기대한다.

본 연구는 최고경영자이론(Upper Echelon Theory)을 바탕으로 중국기업의 최고경영자팀(TMT) 특성이 국 제 인수합병 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 2007년부터 2016년까지 완료된 중국 상장기업의 국제 인수합병 거래 259건을 대상으로 TMT의 과신, 정치적 연결, 해외경험 수준과 인수합병 성과 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구결과에 의하면, 중국기업 최고경영진의 과신은 국제 인수합병 성과에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 TMT의 정치적 연결은 국제 인수합병 성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 TMT의 해외경험은 예상과 달리 국제 인수합병 성과에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

The subfamily Mirinae is the most diverse group in Heteroptera, composed of at least 4,100 described species worldwide. This subfamily is also one of the most important groups in agriculture and in forestry, containing many well-known pests and predators which can be used as a biological control agent. However, the monophyly and generic relationships of each group within this subfamily have been unclear due to the lack of phylogenetic analysis. In this talk, the first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of this subfamily are presented based on total evidence data. Major questions on the basis of the results are discussed, including the monophyly and relationships among the tribes and main genera, and the evolution of important characters in each group.

Thanks to their competitive price, store brands have important opportunities in emerging countries where customers have greater experience with modern retail products. However, less research has been devoted to the effect of store brand price while it is well known that price image is a critical factor that drives purchase behavior. The aim of this research is to understand how store brand price image factors (relative price, perceived benefit and perceived value) and perceived risk dimensions (functional and financial) affect attitude toward store brands in Colombia. Store brand relative price, store brand perceived benefit and store brand perceived value affect significantly attitude toward store brands in the Colombian context. However, neither store brand perceived functional risk, not store brand perceived financial risk affect attitude toward store brands. These results highlight the specificity of Colombia among emerging countries and have both theoretical and managerial implications.

Markets are changing more quickly than ever and marketing managers are increasingly puzzled as to how to achieve marketing excellence. Marketing excellence represents a target state for firms with respect to the design, structure, and coordination of all marketing activities that enables sustainable superior performance. However, little research has scrutinized marketing excellence and the existing literature lacks an overarching theory as well as empirical insights. Thus, the knowledge is scarce with respect to how firms can attain marketing excellence. In addressing this neglect, the authors develop an integrative theory of marketing excellence by adapting the cognitive–affective personality system theory to the organizational context. In particular, this study conceptualizes marketing excellence in terms of five dimensions: functional, structuring, cultural, relational, and change capabilities. By integrating field-based insights of 39 high-ranking executives with supplementary literature, the authors specify each of these capabilities in terms of various actionable elements. All dimensions and elements, along with their mutual relationships, are consistently embedded in the marketing excellence theory, thus offering a coherent and comprehensive framework for researchers and practitioners in their search for marketing excellence.

Despite growing research interest in consumer health, well-being and beauty, little is known about factors influencing consumer purchase decisions for female fitness devices. This study focuses on Kegel exercises – exercise routines developed by Dr. Kegel to strengthen pelvic floor muscles – that are recommended by health professionals for patients experiencing health ailments such as urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and dissatisfaction. Despite the benefits, women are not well aware of the role of pelvic floor muscles. The diffusion and acceptance of Kegel exercise and devices among women are likely determined by how comfortable women are about obtaining such benefits. For this reason, feminism should play an important role in shaping women’s desire to engage in Kegel exercises. Thus, this research investigates how feminism is related to Millennial women’s engagement with fitness products, particularly Kegel devices. Drawing on the literatures about sexuality, health, and marketing, we propose that feminism positively influences women’s health-related attitudes (i.e., attitudes towards fitness, fitness opinion leadership, attitude toward core strength, and desire to control sex life), which in turn positively impacts women’s fitness engagement. Fitness engagement, in turn, is expected to predict attitudes towards Kegel exercise and Kegel device purchase intentions. On the other hand, women’s attitudes toward core strength and desire to control sex life are proposed to have a direct, positive impact on attitude towards Kegel exercise. Analysis of PLS-SEM shows general support for the hypotheses. We discuss how interest in Kegel devices could, in turn, lead to positive effects on overall physical and psychological health and provide implications for marketing practitioners.

This paper analyses consumers’ perception of the country image of Italy across 7 emerging countries: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia, South Africa, and Turkey. Drawing from the international marketing and tourism literature (De Nisco, Papadopoulos and Heslop, 2017; Roth and Diamantopoulos, 2009), 4 main structural dimensions of the Italian country image were chosen as focus of investigation: general country image, product-country image, tourism destination image and cultural heritage image. The empirical research was based on a survey conducted on a sample of 4,550 respondents intercepted through an online panel. Two preliminary exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were ran to refine the scales and to summarize the data into structural factors. The first EFAs grouped measurement scales in 7 components: tourism destination image; general country image; product country image; product accessibility; evaluation of hedonic products; evaluation of utilitarian products; and evaluation of Italy as a tourism destination. The second EFA identified 3 distinct components of the cultural heritage image construct, i) art, literature, history, movies, ii) sociality, cooking, handcrafts and iii) traditions, expression, celebrations. Using the dimensions resulting from the EFA as data input, a latent class analysis was then employed. A 4-cluster solution emerged and the four segments reveal how the general country, product, tourism and cultural heritage components of place image are related and of how they jointly affect consumers’ intentions. Moreover, the study provides additional evidence of country of origin effects from the perspective of consumers from emerging markets, where both the

As companies develop more and more collaborative inter-firm relationships with others on new product development, successful configuration and management of R&D alliance portfolios becomes even more challenging. This paper seeks to understand how different characteristics of a firm’s R&D alliance portfolio influence its ability to acquire external knowledge and how knowledge acquisition in turn influences the firm’s innovation outcomes. The central argument is that a firm’s R&D alliance portfolio strategy entails both knowledge structure benefit and relational benefit. Firms seek to achieve these two different types of benefits by bringing in different desired partners. As a result, a firm’s choice or preferences for different types of R&D alliance partners influence both the scope of external knowledge it is exposed to (knowledge structure benefit) as well as the partner’s willingness to share and the focal firm’s ability to absorb and learn from its partners (relational benefit). While certain strategies may offer firms’ the opportunity to achieve both types of benefits simultaneously, other strategies may force firms to choose one benefit over the other. In order to exploit the value of the acquired knowledge acquired from external partners, firms need to further apply this knowledge to come up with innovative products or services. Literature has further classified new product offerings into radical vs. incremental innovations based on their innovativeness and customer benefit increase. Due to the different characteristics and knowledge requirements for radical vs. incremental innovation, we investigate how different dimensions play differential roles in the development process of these two types of innovation. We empirically tested our hypothesis in the context of pharmaceutical industry with a panel data of 64 firms over 15 years. The statistical results largely support our hypothesis.