The study aims to explore older consumers’ insights by applying the netnography approach. The posts by corporate in their online community on Facebook were content analysed. Results reveal insight behaviours and classify corporate-generated content typologies, reflecting the motivation stages of older consumers to engage with the online community.

The tourism industry specifically experienced distinct failing revenues and was an economic sector among those most rigorously influenced by the pandemic. In the gradual recovery period after the pandemic, the technology implementation in travel has been a great achievement for travel companies. This study is based on a systematic literature review to examine the ability of Virtual Reality (VR) and Geographic information systems (GIS) to serve as a facilitator of sustainable tourism development goals. The potential impact of VR and GIS within tourism will bolster the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and will be conceptualized. The use of these technologies in connection to the SDGs can associate with SDG No. 8, SDG No.9, SDG No.11, and SDG No. 13, which are related to "decent work and economic growth", "industry, innovation, and infrastructure", "sustainable cities and communities", and "climate action."

Aluminum alloys are widely utilized in diverse industries, such as automobiles, aerospace, and architecture, owing to their high specific strength and resistance to oxidation. However, to meet the increasing demands of the industry, it is necessary to design new aluminum alloys with excellent properties. Thus, a new method is required to efficiently test additively manufactured aluminum alloys with various compositions within a short period during the alloy design process. In this study, a combinatory approach using a direct energy deposition system for metal 3D printing process with a dual feeder was employed. Two types of aluminum alloy powders, namely Al6061 and Al-12Cu, were utilized for the combinatory test conducted through 3D printing. Twelve types of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were manufactured during this combinatory test, and the relationship between their microstructures and properties was investigated.

Pei Songzhi (Year 372-451)’s annotations on The History of the Three Kingdoms have greatly revised, improved and enriched the original content of The History of the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou. The linguistics and philology value of Pei’s annotations are remarkable, which are reflected in the following three aspects. Firstly, in terms of phonetics, there are 99 phonetic notations (for 96 Chinese characters) in The History of the Three Kingdoms, and the methods are mainly Zhiyin (including "Yinru") and Fanqie, moreover they reflect the phonetic characteristics from the Later Han Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Secondly, there are 98 lexical annotations in total, producing new words and new meanings, and most of them are still used by later generations. Lastly, there are 39 philology annotations. Pei Songzhi annotated the rare and incomprehensible characters in the text, and also listed many opinions for reference. Additionally, Pei Songzhi attached importance to the influence of glyphs on the meanings of Chinese characters, and focused on analyzing words and textual meanings from the perspective of philology. Pei Songzhi’s annotations are concise and clear, meticulous and rigorous, and also express his own views and opinions, with distinct personal characteristics. Pei’s annotations on The History of the Three Kingdoms have profound research value and significance in linguistics and philology, which are worthy to be carefully explored, and the results will play an important role in enriching the research content of the history of Chinese language.

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 진로 스트레스, 마음 챙김이 진 로 탐색행동에 미치는 영향 및 진로 스트레스가 마음 챙김에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있었다. 이를 위해 설정한 연구가 설은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로 스트레스가 진로 탐색행동에 영 향을 미칠 것이다. 둘째, 진로 스트레스가 마음 챙김에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 셋째, 마음 챙김이 진로 탐색행동에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 본 연구를 위해 랴오닝성 심양시(遼寧省瀋陽市)에 위치한 대 학의 남녀 학생 270명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이 연구를 진행하기 위하여 2022년 7월부터 2022년 8월까지 1개월 동안 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 도구는 진로 스트레스 척도, 마음 챙김 척도, 진로 탐색행동 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 통계프로그램인 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 빈도분 석, 신뢰도 분석, 요인분석, 상관 분석 및 단순 회귀분석, 다중 회귀분석 등을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로 스트레스가 진로 탐색행동에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로 스트레스가 마음 챙김에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 마음 챙김이 진로 탐색행동에 정(+)적인 영 향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 대학생의 진로 탐색행동에 중요하며, 진로 스트레스와 마음 챙김 및 진로 탐색행동을 증진하는 것이 필요함을 시사한다. 끝으로 본 연구 결과에 대하여 논의하였다.

This explorative paper investigates the application of human rights to civil law cases in Indonesia. Human rights are often placed within the realm of public law. Yet, fundamental rights and freedoms also apply to private law cases. The human rights literature, however, does not exist in Indonesian private law. This article explores how human rights are applied in Indonesian civil law cases with reference to the models of human rights application developed by Aharon Barak and Olha Cherednychenko. We found that in Indonesia, judges apply human rights law to civil law cases indirectly, yet this application is inconsistent. The Supreme Court has attempted to increase legal unity by making case law (yurisprudensi) more accessible and by issuing internal regulations that must serve as guidelines for judges-including the application of fundamental rights in civil law cases. Case law and guidelines, however, lack thorough legal reasoning and are, therefore, difficult to apply to complex cases.

This study investigated the impact of the latest developments in big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) on firm performance. The BDAC have the power to innovate existing management practices. Nevertheless, their impact on firm performance has not been fully is not yet fully elucidated. The BDAC relates to the flexibility of infrastructure as well as the skills of management and firm's personnel. Most studies have explored the phenomena from a theoretical perspective or based on factors such as organizational characteristics. However, this study extends the flow of previous research by proposing and testing a model which examines whether organizational exploration, exploitation and market agility mediate the relationship between the BDAC and firm performance. The proposed model was tested using survey data collected from the long-term employees over 10 years in 250 companies. The results analyzed through structural equation modeling show that a strong BDAC can help improve firm performance. An organization's ability to analyze big data affects its exploration and exploitation thereby affecting market agility, and, consequently, firm performance. These results also confirm the powerful mediating role of exploration, exploitation, and market agility in improving insights into big data utilization and improving firm performance.

The purpose of this study was to examine the status of the field application of the Science II career electives with the application of the 2015 revised curriculum up to the 3rd year of high school. This study focused on examining high school science teachers’ perceptions of the student-participatory class and process-centered assessment in Science II subjects, which are career-intensive high school science electives. A total of 192 science teachers responded to the survey questionnaire, and 12 teachers participated in interviews. In the in-depth interviews conducted to supplement the survey results, questions were asked about changes in the overall class, the status of student-participatory classes, and changes in the assessment of Science II subjects due to the emphasis on process-centered assessment. The main research results included teachers’perceptions of changes in teaching and assessment methods with the application of the revised curriculum, the degree to which the eight skills used in Science II classes develop the key competencies of science, and the teaching and assessment methods commonly used in Science II classes. Science teachers generally agreed with the purpose and necessity of introducing student-participatory classes and process-centered assessment, which are the core purpose of the 2015 revised curriculum. However, they had difficulties in practice due to the excessive content of Science II subjects. Problems were also encountered with securing objectivity and fairness during assessments and the operation of online science classes due to COVID-19.

Based on the preface to the Dictionary of Vietnamese Chinese characters and the relevant documents, this paper looks at nine aspects of the origins of Chinese characters, the introduction of Chinese characters to Vietnam, the morphological and phonological meanings of Chinese characters, the development of Chinese characters, the limitations of the use of Chinese characters, erroneous Chinese characters, the question of the survival of Chinese characters, the evolution of Chinese names, and the relationship between Chinese characters and Nom characters. A comprehensive overview of the Vietnamese view of Chinese characters, comparing it with the Chinese view of Chinese characters and pointing out the similarities and differences between the two, thus summarising the transmission and variation of the Chinese view of characters in Vietnam, in an attempt to provide a new perspective for studies related to the history of the development of Vietnamese characters and the spread of Chinese characters.

교정의 역사와 관점은 중세 이래로부터 다양하게 변화해왔고, 교정의 의미와 패러 다임을 결정하는 중요 요인은 범죄 원인에 관한 철학적 담론 등 이었다. 이에 따라 교정의 양태도 변화되었는데 최근에는 심리학적 접근과 포스트모더니즘의 영향 아래 범죄에 대해 새롭게 이해하려는 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 구체적으로 교정은 교정의 발달사와 철학적 배경, 범죄에 대한 관점, 심리학적 접근 의 이해를 토대로 살펴보면 과거 교정의 패러다임은 몇 가지 제한적 특징을 지닌다. 이에 본 연구에서는 과거 교정의 특성을 살펴보고 인간중심 교정 패러다임을 새롭게 제시하고 실천 전략을 제시해 보고자 한다. 인간중심 교정은 범죄가 아닌 ‘그’ 라는 사람에 관한 관심을 쏟고 범죄자를 교정의 객체로 간주하는 것이 아니라 교정의 주체로 인식하며 능동적 역할을 수행하도록 조 력한다. 즉, 범죄자는 법에 대한 능동적 참여자로 스스로 법체계에 대한 관점을 형성 하고, 법률적 책임에 대한 통찰을 이룰 수 있다는 인식을 전제로 한다. 또한. 인간이 자기 주변에서 일어나는 모든 현상의 중심이 된다는 것으로 그가 자신이 자기 세계에서 일어나는 모든 일의 원인이며 결과이기에 모든 책임을 스스로 지고자 한다는 의미 를 포함하고 있다.

본 연구는 대표적인 뉴스 형태로 자리 잡은 온라인 뉴스에 나타나는 사회갈등을 알아보고 온라인 뉴스 의 사회적 역할이 무엇인지 그 바람직한 언론의 방향에 대해 배움학을 기반으로 탐색한 연구였다. 온라인 뉴스와 이미 저널리즘화한 댓글의 정보는 하나의 담론 형태로 유통되는 과정을 통해 프레임이 적용되거나 가짜뉴스를 이용해 사회의 이익관계를 대변하며 다양한 갈등 구조를 심화시키는 역할을 하기도 하지만 긍 정적 측면에서 볼 때 온라인 뉴스는 언론의 윤리적 개념들이 지켜진 정보의 제공과 공유를 통해 바람직한 여론 형성이 가능해 공동체가 건강하게 여론을 형성할 수 있는 배움의 장(場)이 될 수 있다. 그러나 온라 인 뉴스는 그러한 제 역할을 하고 있지 못하다는 평가를 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 온라인 뉴스가 공동체 를 위한 배움의 장이 되기 위해 필요한 배움학적 역할이 무엇인지에 관해 탐색해보았다. 그 결과 사회갈등 해결을 위한 온라인 뉴스의 역할은 첫째, 비판적 사고를 통해 새로운 의미를 만들고 이를 자신의 삶에 적 용할 수 있도록 개조력을 제공하는 것이다. 둘째, 일상생활에서 겪는 문제를 배움을 통해 효율적으로 해결 할 수 있도록 실천력을 제공하는 것이다. 셋째, 각자력을 가진 사람들이 사회를 구성하는 공동체 일원으로 서 서로 의식소통할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로, 비공식적인 수탁 기관으로서 사회갈등의 조정과 관 리를 위한 배움의 비계(􈈮階) 역할을 수행하는 것이다. 온라인 뉴스는 언론 윤리적 개념이 담긴 사실정보 의 제공만으로 그 어떠한 영향력 행사 없이, 제시된 배움학적 역할들이 지켜지고, 그 가운데 민주적인 방 식을 통해 갈등이 조정되고 관리될 수 있도록 배움의 비계(􉳖􉪉) 역할을 수행해야 한다. 이러한 역할들이 공동체의 성장과 발전을 위한 서로의 상생과 새로운 대안 찾기 배움을 실천할 수 있는 길이 된다.

Due to the Fukushima nuclear accident, a large amount of radioactive material was released into the atmosphere, and consequently, it spread over a wide area and was deposited into the soil. As a result of this, a wide area of radioactive contamination site was created. Due to the contaminated site, the need for research on various exploration platforms for efficient situation management and field response is being emphasized. Backpack-type radiation survey & monitoring equipment is useful for creating a contamination maps containing information such as Dose Rate, Radionuclide, Activity Concentration accompanied by spatial analysis when performing a Scan Survey that moves with a backpack on a wide area site. contamination maps are based on accurate radiological characteristic information. However, there is a problem in that the accuracy of the evaluation results is lowered due to changes in environment conditions or the variability of the dose rate and counting rate during scan survey. This problem should be solved by applying the influence of each variable to the underlying data. However, prior to this, it is most important to prepare the base underlying first. And this can be obtained through evaluation of detection performance through static survey. Therefore, in this study, the change in detection efficiency for the measurement height and radius of the backpack-type radiation survey & monitoring equipment based on the 3"×3" NaI(Ti) detector was evaluated. First, the height of the source and Backpack-type radiation survey & monitoring equipment was evaluated from 0 cm to 1 m, which is the height of the soil and detector when an adult male wears a backpack. The experiment was conducted using the 137Cs (383 kBq) point source, which is a nuclide mainly detected at the contaminated site. The measurement time was measured five times per one minute, considering that it was backpack-type equipment and a future scan survey. In addition, in order to evaluate the detection radius, the measurement was performed by changing the measurement distance up to 5 m at intervals of 50 cm. As a result of evaluating the detection performance of the backpack-type radiation surveys & monitoring equipment, it was confirmed that increasing the detection height and radius reduces the count rate in the form of an exponential function. In addition, it was confirmed that the detected radius varies depending on the height. Based on these results, we plan to conduct additional research to understand the scan survey and its sensitivity to various factors. Through this, the company plans to develop various models for exploring the site by improving the accuracy of backpack-type radiation surveys & monitoring equipment.

이 논문에서는 셰이머스 히니의 􋺷전원 답사􋺸와 􋺷스테이션 아일랜드􋺸에 단 테의 영향이 어떻게 드러나 있는지 살펴본다. 단테와 히니는 자신의 고향 피렌체와 북아 일랜드에서 정치적인 문제로 (자기)추방되는 경험을 공유하고, 이로 인해 자신의 공동체 와 자신에 대해 거리를 두고 성찰해보는 기회를 얻었다. 공동체로부터 소외되어 그들은 자기 탐구와 자기완성에 도달하려는 내적 여행 혹은 순례를 떠난다. 히니가 당면한 문제 는 종족적 대립으로 희생된 이들에 대한 죄의식과 책임감에서 벗어나 시인으로서 자유 로운 목소리를 찾아야 한다는 것이다. 􋺷신곡􋺸에서의 단테처럼 히니도 과거의 지인들이나 문학가들과 만나서 다채롭게 반응하는 상호 과정을 거치면서 자신의 문제를 대면할 수 있었고 개인의 자유와 서정시에 대한 신뢰를 얻고 세상으로 돌아올 수 있게 된다.

This study was conducted to identify and assess key parameters affecting greenhouse gas emissions and odor intensity at a naturally ventilated dairy farm. Measurement data of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O), odorants (NH3 and H2S), and meteorological data (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation) were posited as the parameters influencing those emissions. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions correlated well to CO2-equivalent emissions and the contribution of carbon dioxide emissions (R2=0.9181) was greater than that of methane emissions (R2=0.8854). Hydrogen sulfide emissions were highly correlated with odor intensity (R2=0.9989), but the contribution of ammonia emissions to odor intensity was not significant (R2=0.0081). No correlation among CO2-equivalent and odor intensity emissions and meteorological parameters was observed. In this study, the relationship between emissions of greenhouse gases and odor intensity in a naturally ventilated dairy barn mainly depended upon carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide emissions. The results in this study will be helpful in the mitigation planning of greenhouse gases and odor in animal feeding operations (CFOs).