Characteristics and useful effects for human health of antioxidant carbon nanodots contained in microwave-assisted Opuntia humifusa extract (MA-OHE(CD)) were investigated in this work. MA-OHE(CD) was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Besides, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of MA-OHE(CD) were measured. It was revealed that the MA-OHE(CD) increases aquaporin-3 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes cell with hydrophilic characteristics. Moreover, the bio-active compound extraction efficacy and antioxidant activity of microwave-assisted extraction were great when compared to maceration.

본 연구는 황련 추출물을 함유한 에센스가 피부 장벽 강화와 보습에 미치는 영향을 검증하 는데 목적을 두고 있다. 황련 추출물을 함유한 에센스를 22명의 피험자에게 4주간 사용하게 한 후 지정 한 상박 부위의 경피 수분 손실량(g/m²h)과 수분량(A.U.)을 측정하였다. Vapometer를 이용하여 경피 수분 손실량을 측정한 결과 사용 전 14.82±4.01에서 4주 사용 후 11.08±2.55로 나타났고 유의 확률은 p<0.001로 25.27% 유의하게 감소하였다. Corneometer로 측정한 피부 수분량은 사용 전 31.73±8.09에 서 사용 후 46.73±7.45로 나타났고 유의 확률은 p<0.001로 47.26% 증가하였으며 설문을 통한 효능평 가에서 피부 이상 반응 없이 두 항목 모두 100% 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과로 황련 에센 스는 피부 장벽 강화와 보습에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었고 이는 향후 황련 추출물의 다양한 활성을 이 용한 화장품 개발에 초석이 될 것으로 기대된다.

기존의 합성 항산화제를 대체하기 위하여 천연물질 유래 항산화제인 파프리카 추출물을 돈육 패티에 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 항산화제를 첨가하지 않은 돈육 패티(C), 합성 항산화제인 아질산염을 첨가한 돈육 패티(NC), 파프리카 추출물을 5 mg 첨가한 돈육 패티(T1), 파프리카 추출물을 10 mg 첨가한 돈육 패티(T2)를 제작하여 실험을 실시하였다. 돈육 패티는 7 ℃ 냉장 온도에서 0일 및 7일간 저장하였으며, pH, 육색, 가열 감량, 지방산패도, 및 카르보닐함량을 비교하였다. C에 비해 모든 처리구에서 낮은 pH와 가열 감량을 보였다(p < 0.05). 처리구에서 낮은 명도와 높은 적색도 값을 나타냈다. 또한 합성 항산화제인 아질산염 첨가구보다 파프리카 추출물 첨가한 돈육 패티에서 높은 적색도를 나타냈다(p < 0.05). 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 증가할수록 카르보닐함량과 지방산패도는 증가하며, 저장 7일째 처리구에서 낮은 카르보닐함량과 지방산패도 를 보였다(p < 0.05). 특히 저장 7일째, 합성 항산화제인 아질산염을 첨가한 돈육 패티에서 가장 낮은 지방산패도를 보였다. 파프리카 추출물 또한 지방산패도를 낮추며, 파프리카 추출물 첨가량이 높을수록 더 크게 지질산화를 억제하였다. 따라서, 돈육 패티에서 파프리카 추출물을 첨가하면 돈육 패티의 산화를 억제할 수 있음을 확인했다. 또한 파프리카 추출물의 첨가량을 조절함으로써 아질산염과 유사한 항산화능을 지님을 확인하여 천연 항산화제로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), commonly known as Holy Basil is a revered herb with a rich history in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Southeast Asia. For its medicinal properties, Tulsi has been regarded as an “Elixir of Life” and has been used to treat various ailments. However, the comprehensive investigation of Tulsi extracts and their potential pharmacological benefits, specifically in relation to antioxidant activity remains limited. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Tulsi leaf and stem extract using various screening methods. We investigate the antioxidant activity exhibited by the extract using three different methods involved the utilization of the total polyphenol content assay, the ferric reducing power assay and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-14 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The results revealed that the Tulsi leaf extract (TLE) exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity when compared to the Tulsi stem extract (TSE) in all the performed assays. The higher content of phenolics in TLE may have contributed to its superior antioxidant activity. The HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of TLE revealed the presence of eugenol, active compound for several therapeutic properties. These findings provide an understanding of the bioactive compounds present in Tulsi extracts and their potential antioxidant benefits.

Background: The potential impact of aqueous extracts from Psidium guajava leaves on the reproductive system of female rabbits was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-eight rabbits, aged five to six months were utilized. Rabbits were divided into four groups and were randomly assigned to receive one of the following oral doses of the guava leaf extracts: 0 (control group), 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg of body weight. After a treatment period of 30 days, blood was collected via jugular venipunture and the serum was extracted for the assessment of serum biochemical traits levels. The females were bred and monitored throughout their pregnancy to ascertain reproductive outcomes. Results: The results indicated that the guava leaf extract significantly increased the body weight of the rabbits during both pre- and post-pregnancy compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The litter size at three weeks post-birth, prolificity rate, FSH, LH, and protein levels were notably higher (p < 0.05) at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight. The viability rate three weeks post-birth increased with escalating extract doses, and the highest values were observed at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg of body weight (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that, the aqueous extract of guava leaves appears to stimulate the production of FSH, LH and enhance body weight, prolificity, and pregnancy outcomes in mammals. As such, it is suggested that a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight could be beneficial in improving the reproductive performance of female.

The objective of this study was to achieve biological control of green mold disease in Pyogo mushrooms using antagonistic microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis BSM320 cells inhibited mycelial growth by 48–60% against three Trichodermaisolates including T. hazianumisolated from the substrates of Lentinula edodes, showing their antifungal activity.The bacteria were cultured to a high density of 4.2 x 109±113.7 cfu/mlin aqueous extract of composted spent mushroom substrates of L. edodes containing 1% glucose and showed a higher growth rate than that observed when using the commercial medium, Luria-Bertani broth. The bacterial culture showed a 75% protective effect without damaging the mushroom fruiting bodies. These results suggest that B. subtilis BSM320culture is suitable for biological control of green mold disease during mushroom cultivation.

This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Coriandrum sativum L. ethanol extracts in a high fat diet-induced obesity model (DIO). We confirmed the anti-obesity effects by analysing the expression of the related proteins, weight gain, dietary intake, dietary efficiency, blood biochemistry, histological analysis and western blot analysis. After oral administration of Coriandrum sativum L. ethanol extracts at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg, a significant improvement in dietary efficiency, reduction in weight gain, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in blood lipid was observed for 8 weeks. In addition, improvement in blood glucose and metabolism confirmed through glucose tolerance test was observed. Further, the concentration of alanine transaminase (ALT) in blood was significantly decreased, which improved the fatty liver caused by high-fat diet intake as confirmed by liver tissue analysis. This phenomenon was confirmed to decrease the expression of fat accumulation-related PPARγ and FAS protein in the liver tissue. Especially, it is believed that FAS, a liposynthetic enzyme, has a stronger inhibitory effect than PPARγ. Therefore, Coriandrum sativum L. ethanol extract is thought to improve obesity by reducing blood lipids levels, improving glucose metabolism and inhibiting synthesis of the fat that accumulates in the liver in high-fat diet-induced obesity animal models.

Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI), or Pricky Pear Cactus, is effective in cough, fever, pain and anti-inflammatory action, and asthma. This study aims to investigate the effect of OFI stem extract on the respiratory system of animal models induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and fine dust (PM10) and to analyze the indicator substances of OFI stem extract. In the OFI stem 50% ethanol extract (OFI-50E) administration group, the number of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and BAL decreased to a similar level to the positive control group administered with dexamethasone. In addition, OVA-specific IgE and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) were significantly reduced. Also, the deposition of PM10 observed through staining of lung tissue was clearly reduced in the OFI-50E 200 mg/kg administration group. The anti-inflammatory mechanism in the lung was found to obstruct the production of inflammatory cytokines by impeding the NF-kB and MAPK pathways through the inhibition of IRAK-1 active cells. The main component of OFI stem 50% ethanol extract was identified to be narcissin. According to the study results, OFI is expected to be a respiratory health functional food.

본 연구에서는 시엽의 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 항산화와 인 간섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk 세포에서의 항주름 효과를 알아보았다. 전자공여능 측정, ABTS+ radical 소거능 측정을 통해 항산화 활성을 확인한 결과, 시엽은 1,000 μg/ml 농도에서 대조군인 ascorbic acid 와 농도 의존적으로 유사한 항산화 활성을 보였다. Elastase 저해 활성 측정, Collagenase 저해 활성 측 정을 통해 항주름 효과를 확인한 결과, 시엽은 1,000 μg/ml 농도에서 대조군인 epigallocatechin gallate 와 농도 의존적으로 유사한 항주름 효과를 나타내었다. UVB로 유도된 CCD-986sk 세포 내 pro-collagen type I의 합성률과 MMP-1의 저해률을 측정한 결과 대조군인 EGCG는 20 μg/ml에서 90.2%, 시엽은 30 μg/ml에서 88.5%의 pro-collagen 합성률을 보였다. 또한 EGCG 20 μg/ml와 시엽 30 μg/ml에서 각각 33.0%, 40.8%의 MMP-1 저해율을 확인하였다. Western blot을 통하여 시엽의 pro-collagen type I과 MMP-1의 단백질 발현량을 측정한 결과 UVB 단독군 대비 시엽을 함께 처리했 을 때 pro-collagen type I의 단백질 발현량이 증가하고 MMP-1의 단백질 발현량이 감소하는 것을 확 인하였다. 위 실험결과에 따라 시엽이 UVB 자극에 의한 광노화를 예방하고 항산화, 항주름 효과가 있음 을 확인하여 화장품의 천연물 소재로서의 이용이 기대된다.

황련(Coptis Japonica)의 뿌리로 제조한 황련 추출물 화장품이 민감한 피부에도 안전한지 검 증하기 위해 민감성 피부를 대상으로 인체 첩포 시험을 실시하였다. 젖산 자상 검사 결과 민감성 피부 로 판정한 총 32명의 시험대상자에게 황련 추출물을 2% 배합한 가용화 에센스를 시험대상자 등 부위에 20 ㎕ 취하여 24 h 동안 폐쇄 첩포한 후 이를 제거하고 30 min과 24 h 후의 시험 부위를 피부과 전문 의가 육안으로 관찰하여 피부 자극 지수를 산출하였다. 그 결과 육안으로 이상 반응이 확인되지 않았고 자극 지수가 총 0점으로 나타나 황련 추출물 2%를 배합한 화장품이 민감한 피부에 안전한 것을 확인하 였다. 다수의 황련 연구에서 항균, 항산화, 항염 등의 활성이 밝혀지고 화장품 소재로 이용 가능성이 보 고되고 있지만 본 연구를 통해 황련 추출물 화장품이 민감한 피부에도 안전한 것으로 나타나 향후 황련 화장품의 무자극 또는 저자극의 소재연구에서 본 연구가 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

FT-IR, GC/MS, and ATR-FT-IR analyses were performed to confirm the physicochemical characteristics of saw palmetto fruit (SPF) extract. FT-IR analysis of the standard product showed that the band corresponding to the carbonyl bond of free fatty acid was stronger than the band of acyl-glyceride. Sample E was identified as having the same trend as the standard sample. Fatty acid composition analysis revealed that the main fatty acids in the standard sample were lauric acid and oleic acid. The content of lauric acid ranged from approximately 30% to 38% in samples B, C, D, and E, while the content of oleic acid ranged from approximately 29% to 34%. The GC/MS analysis confirmed that the standard SPF extract consisted of fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters. Sample E demonstrated a similar pattern to the standard samples in terms of oleic acid, lauric acid, and fatty acid esters. ATR-FT-IR analysis indicated that only sample E was predicted to contain 100% saw palmetto extract. Therefore, these study findings can be considered fundamental data for analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of the composition of SPF extract.

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a natural product of cherry tree (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea: PS) as a test substance for improving cytokine and ovalbumin-specific IgE using an ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model of 5-week-old male BALB/c mice. Lung tissue pathology was analyzed to confirm anti-inflammatory and asthmatic effects. As a result of examining the effect on changes in inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in an ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model by administering the PS sample, total cells, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes were significantly decreased. Concentrations of cytokine-based TNF-alpha and IL-4 and immunoglobulin E in serum were significantly increased in the asthma-inducing negative control group than in the normal group. However, high concentrations of PS decreased them. In histopathological examination of the lung tissue, it was confirmed that inflammatory cells infiltrated around the alveoli and bronchioles were increased in ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model. After administration of cherry tree extract, bronchiolar morphological changes such as mucosal thickening were slightly improved. From the above results, it was confirmed that extract of cherry tree significantly reduced inflammation expression and tissue damage in alveolar tissues. It was also confirmed that the cherry tree extract had an excellent efficacy in improving asthma inflammation.

산화적 스트레스는 세포 및 조직 손상을 통해 피부의 탄력 및 보습 기능 저하, 피부 노화 촉진 을 비롯한 다양한 피부질환을 일으킨다. 본 연구의 목적은 인간 피부각질세포 (HaCaT keratinocyte)에서 산화적 스트레스에 대한 붉은 토끼풀 추출물의 효능을 검토하여, 피부에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있는 기능 성 소재로서의 활용 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 붉은 토끼풀 추출물이 인간 피부각질세포에 서 산화적 스트레스에 따른 세포사를 억제시키는 것을 확인하여, 이를 조절하는 보호기전을 규명하였다. 이는 붉은 토끼풀 추출물이 Caspase-3 비활성, 세포사 촉진단백질 Bax 발현 억제, 세포생존 촉진단백질 Bcl-2 발현 증가 및 MAPK 신호전달계 단백질의 인산화 억제를 통해 H2O2에 의해 유도된 산화적 스트레 스를 보호할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 붉은 토끼풀 추출물은 피부의 산화적 손상을 감소시키는 유용한 소재로 평가되며, 이는 피부보호 및 미용을 위한 다양한 제품 및 산업에 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

A beverage was developed using the Abeliophyllum distichum leaf (AL). The beverage was prepared by adding it to apple juice by concentration, and physicochemical quality, antioxidant activities, and sensory evaluation were measured. Soluble solid and reducing sugar content of the control were 12.57 °Brix and 11.40%, respectively, and there was no difference from the group with addition of the AL extract. However, pH was slightly increased upon addition of AL extract. Lightness and yellowness increased when AL extract was added. Verbascoside content was not detected in the control, but it increased as the concentration of AL extract increased. The contents of ascorbic acid and flavonoids were 5.38 and 20.42 mg%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the groups. However, the content of polyphenols increased as the concentration of the AL extract increased. DPPH radical and metal ion scavenging activity were increased by addition of the AL extract, but there was no difference in the ABTS radical scavenging activity. As a result of the sensory evaluation, there was no difference from the control even wihen the AL extract was added; thus, it was considered that there was no problem with the degree of acceptability when added within about 300 ppm.

Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) has been widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industry as a functional material. In a previous study, we have investigated not only pharmacological effects such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, but also analyzed various functional ingredients. In this study, triterpenoids were analyzed using HPLC-DAD to determine marker compounds among functional ingredients. When triterpenoids were analyzed, asiaticoside from C. asiatica was determined as an optimal marker compound. Next, specificity, linearity, limited of detection (LOD), limited of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, and range were evaluated using HPLC-DAD to determine asiaticoside contents in C. asiatica juice and extracts. The specificity was elucidated by chromatogram and retention time using an established analytical method. The coefficient of correlation obtained was 0.9996. LOD was 4.99 μg/mL and LOQ was 15.12 μg/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision of asiaticoside were determined to be 0.48~1.68% and 0.08~1.09%, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery rate of asiaticoside was 98.88% and the analytical range of Field-70E was determined to be 0.625~10 mg/mL. As a results of evaluating ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidative effect, Field-70E showed potent antioxidant activities. Results of this study could be used as basic data for quality standardization of C. astiatica juice and extracts.

Taxillus yadoriki (Siebold) Dancer is a parasitic plant that grows on camellia trees and is common on Jeju Island. The branches of T. yadoriki have long been used to treat various diseases, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, viral infections, and arthritis. Although recent studies reported that T. yadoriki has anticancer effects in various human cancer cell lines, including lung cancer, the exact molecular mechanisms supporting its anticancer effects are not well understood. This study aims to assess the anticancer effect of the methanol extract of T. yadoriki branches (METY) on mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cell lines (MC3 cells and YD15 cells) and explore its mechanism of action. Inhibitory activity of MEC cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. The mechanism of the anticancer effect on METY-treated MC3 cells and YD15 cells was evaluated with Hoechst 33342 stain and Western blot. After treating MC3 cells and YD15 cells with METY for 48 hours, the cytotoxicity of MC3 and YD15 cells increased, and nuclear fragmentation increased in both METY-treated MEC cells. Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP activation demonstrated apoptosis of METY-treated MEC cells. Cell proliferation inhibition with METY was alleviated in METY-treated MEC cells pretreated with zVAD-FMK, supporting the cell proliferation inhibition effect by apoptosis. METY-induced apoptosis in MEC cells occurs through MAP kinase pathways such as p38 and pAkt. MEC cell. METY-induced apoptosis of MEC cells occurs via the p38 and pAkt MAPK pathways. Therefore, METY may be a promising anticancer candidate for the MEC therapeutic strategy.